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―Physiological Functions and Application of Euglena Cells─
Yoshihisa Nakano, Misa Ogushi, Toshiaki Watanabe
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
323-330
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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Food includes complicated and wide-ranging ingredients. In order to support life, we digest and absorb only necessary ingredients (nutrients), which are selectively metabolized for the formation of energy and/ or body components, to utilize the necessary nutrients. However, eating habits under full-feeding in our country seem to be in the process to transform disrupted eating habits leading to health damage, because a gap between health expectancy and life expectancy remains still large due to the development of lifestyle diseases including obesity which are caused by an unbalanced diet and/or disrupted food style. In order to bring health expectancy near to life expectancy by correcting disrupted eating habits as much as possible, we should consider the factor to reduce the gap between health expectancy and life expectancy. One of the ways to reduce the gap is a skillful application of food functions to the improvement of disrupted eating habits and also the combination of the improvement of disrupted eating habits by application of food functions with exercise can be thought to be an important factor to reduce the gap. As an example of the application of food functions to the improvement of disrupted eating habits, we will introduce the application of Euglena (Japanese name, Euglena gracilis) based on its physiological functions as a nutrient to improve disrupted eating habits in this review.
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Yoshitomo Suhara
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
331-337
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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Vitamin K is an essential cofactor of γ-carboxylase which is involved in the activation of the cascade of blood coagulation and bone formation. Recent researches have revealed that vitamin K possesses physiological functions to regulate the transcription of factors participating in bone formation via the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), a nuclear receptor, and to induce the differentiation of cranial nerve progenitor cells to neuronal cells. Therefore, we synthesized vitamin K analogues by introducing substituent groups to the side chain part at ω-position and explored whether the synthesized vitamin K analogues possesses new biological activities for transcription via SXR and neuronal differentiation. The vitamin K derivatives with modification of the structure of vitamin K2 were found to have much more potent biological activities for transcription via SXR and neuronal differentiation than original vitamin K2.
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Akihiro Tai
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
338-347
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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L-Ascorbic acid (AsA), known as vitamin C, plays key roles in many biological processes such as collagen formation, carnitine synthesis, and iron absorption. AsA is also an important antioxidant in food and biological systems, but it is unstable under various oxidative conditions, resulting in its rapid degradation. 2-O--D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), a stable AsA derivative, has been developed to achieve an efficient action as an AsA source, a pro-vitamin C agent. AA-2G has been approved by the Japanese Government as a quasi-drug principal ingredient in skin care and as a food additive. AA-2G is now widely used as a medical additive in commercial cosmetics. This stable AsA derivative exhibits vitamin C activity in vitro and in vivo after enzymatic hydrolysis to AsA by -glucosidase. Recently, we have synthesized two types of monoacylated derivatives of AA-2G, 6-O-acyl-2-O--D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acids having a straight-acyl chain of varying length from C4 to C18 (6-sAcyl-AA-2G) and a branched-acyl chain of varying length from C6 to C16 (6-bAcyl-AA-2G), in order to improve the bioavailability of AA-2G and have indicated that 6-sAcyl-AA-2G and 6-bAcyl-AA-2G exert usually known vitamin C functions efficiently in vitro and in vivo. More recently, we found that, unexpectedly, 6-sAcyl-AA-2G per se had antiallergic activity based on a degranulation inhibiting action and that a 6-O-acyl AsA, an intermediate in the hydrolysis of 6-bAcyl-AA-2G to AsA, showed a significant antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice. In this review, the author presents a possible application of created AsA derivatives to drug development.
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Yoshihisa Hirota, Kimie Nakagawa, Natsumi Sawada, Naoko Okuda, Yoshito ...
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
348-351
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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Ryusei Uchio, Yoshitaka Hirose, Shinji Murosaki, Yoshihiro Yamamot ...
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
352-354
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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Takashi Tamura
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
355-360
Published: 2017
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Naoki Takeshita, Satoshi Hara, Hiroshi Ichinose
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
361-362
Published: 2017
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Kiyoshi Tanaka, Misora Ao, Akiko Kuwabara
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
363-365
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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Yusuke Terai, Kazuya Yoshimura, Takahiro Ishikawa, Takanori Marut ...
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
366-368
Published: 2017
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2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
369-371
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
372-373
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
373-
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2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
374-378
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
379-
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
380-381
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
381-382
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
382-384
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
384-385
Published: 2017
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2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
385-386
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
386-
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
387-388
Published: 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
388-389
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
389-390
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
391-
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
391-392
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[in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
392-393
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[in Japanese], Toniti Waraphan, [in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
393-
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
394-
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
394-395
Published: 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2017 Volume 91 Issue 5.6 Pages
395-
Published: 2017
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