VITAMINS
Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 62, Issue 9
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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  • Thiamine Transport System in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Akio IWASHIMA
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 471-481
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_471
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    The characteristics of a system of thiamine transport were studied in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) . The transport was energy- and temperature-dependent process which has an optimal pH around 4.5. The apparent K_m for thiamine was 0.18μM and the transport was inhibited by several thiamine analogs. Two mutants resistant to the inhibitory action of pyrithiamine were isolated from S. cerevisiae and they were found to be, respectively, partially and almost totally defective in a common, carrier protein for thiamine and the analog. It was demonstrated that two thiamine-binding proteins are present in S. cerevisiae. A soluble thiamine-binding protein (s-TBP) in the periplasm was proved biochemically and genetically to be identical with thiamine repressible acid phosphatase which may be responsible for the hydrolysis of thiamine phosphates prior to the uptake of their thiamine moiety by yeast cells. Another thiamine-binding protein is membrane-bound (m-TBP) and located in the yeast plasma membrane. Several lines of evidence suggested that m-TBP is involved directly in the thiamine transport. Hydroxymethylpyrimidine was also taken up by the thiamine transport system in S. cerevisiae. whereas the uptake of hydroxyethylthiazole occurred by diffusion, followed by metabolic trapping due to hydroxyethylthiazole kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation. Possible mechanism of the regulation of the transport of thiamine and related compounds is dicussed.
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  • Shiitake and Vitamin D
    Tadashi KOBAYASHI, Atsuko TAKEUCHI, Toshio OKANO
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 483-490
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_483
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    The nutritional evaluation of vitamin D_2 in Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) was investigated. Vitamin D_2 in Shiitake was identified by HPLC, UV spectrum and GC-MS. The content of vitamin D_2 in Shiitake was assayed by a HPLC method previously established for the determination of the vitamin in foods, feeds and pharmaceuticals. The assayed values of vitamin D_2 in two kinds of raw Shiitake cultured outdoors and in a vinylhouse were 390 IU/100g (100 IU/a piece) and 73 IU/100g (14 IU/a piece) , respectively. The assayed values of the vitamin in two kinds of dried Shiitake, (Koshin and Donko) were 969 IU/100g (56 IU/a piece) and 300 IU/100g (12 IU/a piece), respectively. These results showed that the content of vitamin D_2 in Shiitake was comparatively higher than that in other foods. The content of vitamin D_2 in Shiitake was correlated with the quanta of UV light in solar radiation at cultivation places. The assayed values of vitamin D_2 in Shiitake increased about 2.5 times when exposed to sun light for 3 hours. The vitamin D_2 content in parts of Shiitake, pileus, stipe and gills, were 870, 2,240 and 470 IU/100g, respectively. Pre-vitamin D_2, which was photochemically produced from ergosterol and thermally isomerised into vitamin D_2 during heating, was identified by HPLC and GC-MS in raw Shiitake. The weight ratio of pre-D_2 to vitamin D_2 in raw Shiitake was about 7:1, whereas that in dried Shiitake was about 1:10. These results suggested that vitamin D_2 (including pre-D_2) was photochemically produced from ergosterol by solar radiation during farming.
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  • Microbioassay of Niacin by Using a Lactate Sensor System
    Hiroshi TAGUCHI, Noriyuki ISHIHARA, Yutaka MINAMINAKA, Katsuzumi OKUMU ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 491-495
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_491
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    A lactate sensor system composed of an oxygen electrode, an immobilized lactate oxidase membrane and a personal computer was constructed. The fundamental properties of this sensor were investigated and then the sensor system was applied to the microbioassay of niacin. A linear relationship was obtained between the current decrease of the sensor and nicotinic acid concentrations in the range of 0-16ng/ml. The lactate concentration in the culture medium of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 for the microbioassay of niacin was also determined by the enzymatic analysis with lactate dehydrogenase. The values were closely related to those obtained by the lactate sensor system. When the niacin content in various food samples and the nicotinamide con-tent in some vitamin drugs were determined with the lactate sensor system, these values were agreed well to those obtained by the turbidimetry. The lactate sensor system, which was applied to the vitamin determination for the first time in this study, was found to be applicable for practical niacin determination and as a system control equipment.
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  • Studies on Vitamin B_6 and Aminotransferase in the Liver of the Diabetic Animals
    Taizo HAYASHI, Seitetsu NANBARA, Koji TANAKA, Takao TANAKA, Hisashi KO ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 497-503
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_497
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    We have reported the marked increase of AST activity in the liver of the diabetic mice, spontaneously non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and alloxan-diabetic (Allo) mice, as compared with that of control Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In this paper we determined vitamin B_6, pyridoxamine (PM) and pyridoxal (PL) in the liver of diabetic NOD and ICR mice by the HPLC method. More B_6 was observed in the diabetic liver than in the control liver, and this change was especially caused by the increase in the PM fraction but not in the PL fraction. On the other hand, abnormally high AST activity was observed in the cytosolic fraction of the liver but not in the mitochondrial fraction. A significant correlation between s-AST and PM was clearly recognized in the diabetic liver against no relationship in the control liver. These findings suggest a role of B_6 in gluconeogenesis of the liver.
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  • Studies on the Reference Standards of Phylloquinone, Menaquinone-4 and Ubiquinone-10 for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography : Research Committee of Fat Soluble Vitamins, Subcommittee for the Preparation of Reference Standards of Phylloquinone, Menaquinone-4 and Ubiquinone-10
    Goichiro KATSUI, Shizumasa KIJIMA, Hideaki FUKAWA, Tomio ICHIKAWA, Kaz ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 505-513
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_505
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    A collaborative study by eleven research laboratories was carried out to prepare the reference standards of phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 and ubiquinone-10 for HPLC, since these have never been available. Each specimen as the reference standards was specially prepared for this investigation and these purities were examined by the test method such as UV spectrum, absorbance, refractive index or melting point, TLC and HPLC. The repeatability and reproducibility values indicated in these specimens are acceptable as the reference standards of phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 and ubiquinone-10 for HPLC.
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  • Changes of Vitamin B_2 and B_6 Contents during Growth of Euglena gracilis
    Hirotomo OCHI, Shigeru SHIGEOKA, Fumio WATANABE, Yoshihisa NAKANO, Sho ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 515-518
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_515
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    The changes of intracellular B_2 and B_6 contents during growth of Euglena gracilis Z and its bleached mutant (strain SM-ZK) were studied. Intracellular B_2, FMN and FAD showed constant levels during growth of the light- and dark-adapted green wild type cells (GL and GD, respectively), but decreased temporarily in the logarithmic growth phase in the light- and dark-adapted bleached cells (BL and BD, respectively). All the Euglena cells contained B_2 and its coenzyme forms at a constant ratio (B_2 : FMN : FAD = 4:25:70) during their growth. On the other hand, the level of coenzyme B_6, PLP, increased in the logarithmic phase and then was kept constant in GL and GD cells. In BL and BD cells; PLP was significantly accumulated in the early logarithmic phase, when the amount of total B_6 was half of that in GL cells grown for 6 days. The maximum content of total B_6 increased about 1.5 times under illumination in both E. gracilis Z and SM-ZK.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 519-520
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_519
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 520-521
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_520
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 521-
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_521
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 522-
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_522_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 522-524
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_522_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 524-525
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_524
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 525-526
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_525
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 526-
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_526
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 527-
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_527_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 527-528
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_527_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 528-529
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_528
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 531-532
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_531
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 532-533
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_532
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 533-535
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_533
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 535-536
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_535
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 536-537
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_536
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 9 Pages 537-539
    Published: September 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.62.9_537
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