VITAMINS
Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 72, Issue 12
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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  • The Mistery of Sleep
    Osamu HAYAISHI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 659-667
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_659
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Although we repeat sleep-wake cycles every day and night and spend almost one third of our life time sleeping in bed, little has been known about sleep in the contemporary medicine. In this paper, a brief review is presented covering our recent studies on the mechanism of sleep-wake regulation by prostaglandins (PG)D_2 and E_2 during the past 15 years in my laboratory at the Osaka Bioscience Institute. PGD_2 and E_2 are the major prostanoids in the mammalian brain, the former inducing sleep and the latter wakefulness. When PGD synthase (PGDS) was inhibited in vivo by a specific enzyme inhibitor, both NREM and REM sleep were inhibited almost completely indicating that PGDS is a key enzyme in sleep regulation. This enzyme is mainly, if not exclusively, localized in the membrane system surrounding the brain and is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid to become β-trace protein. PGD_2 thus produced circulates in the CSF, exerts its somnogenic activity by binding with PGD_2 receptors, exclusively localized at the ventro medial surface of the rostral basal forebrain. When PGD_2 was infused into this area, concurrent with sleep induction, striking expression of c-fos immu- noreactivity was observed in the ventro lateral preoptic area (VLPO). These observations suggest that PGD_2 may induce sleep via leptomeningeal PGD_2 receptors with subsequent activation of the VLPO neurons. This process appears to be mediated by adenosine through adenosine A_<2a> receptor.
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  • The Structure and Function of Human Vitamin D Receptor Gene
    Eiji TAKEDA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 669-678
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_669
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    The human vitamin D receptor(VDR)gene is comprised of 11 exons that together with intervening introns span approximately 75 kilobases. The noncoding 5' end of the gene includes exons 1A, 1B, and 1C. Eight additional exons (exons 2-9) encode the structural portion of the VDR gene product. While primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping studies reveal several common transcriptional start sites, three unique mRNA species are produced as a result of the differential splicing of exons 1B and 1C. Fusion of DNA fragments containing putative promoter sequences upstream of the luciferase structural gene resulted in significant reporter activity. An intron fragment 3' of exon 1C conferred retinoic acid responsivity when fused to a reporter gene plasmid, suggesting a molecular mechanism for the previously observed ability of retinoic acid to induce the VDR. The effect of a T-C transition polymorphism at the translation initiation codon of the human VDR gene on the biological function of the encoded protein was investigated. Of 239 Japanese women volunteers subjected to genotype analysis for this polymorphism, 13% were genotype MM (the M allele is ATG at the putative translation start site), 31% were genotype mm (the m allele is ACG at the putative translation start site), and 55% were genotype Mm. The bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was determined for 110 healthy premenopausal women and was shown to be 12.0% greater for mm homozygotes than for MM homozygotes. The extent of vitamin D-dependent transcriptional activation of a reporter constract under the control of a vitamin D response element in transfected HeLa cells was 〜 1.7-fold greater for the m type VDR than for the M type protein. These results suggest that the polymorphism at the translation start site of the VDR gene may modulate BMD in premenopausal Japanese women.
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  • Study on Nutritional Status of Thiamin and Riboflavin in Female Students : Blood Thiamin and Riboflavin Levels in Female
    Mami HIRAOKA, Kazuto YASUDA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 679-684
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_679
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    To obtain the data for the reference intervals of blood thiamin and riboflavin, the blood thiamin and riboflavin levels in female were determined from healthy female students aged 21〜22 years with these two vitamin intakes above their Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDAs), which were calculated from mean intakes obtained from dietary records just before three consecutive days and one day time study. Blood thiamin and riboflavin levels were determined by precolumn thiochrome HPLC and lumiflavin reverse HPLC, respectively. Mean thiamin intake was 0.91±0.26 mg/day (n=192), and 78.6% of the subjects were found their thiamin intakes above the RDAs. Their meani ±2 standard deviation(SD) of the normalized distribution of blood thiamin level, as the reference interval, obtained from the subjects with intake above the RDA, was 35〜76 (54.6±10.1) ng/ml. Mean riboflavin intake was 1.20±0.31 mg/day (n=189), and 72.0% of the subjects showed their intakes above the RDA. Their reference interval of blood riboflavin level, obtained from the subjects with riboflavin intake above the RDA, was 58〜110 (84.7±11.6) ng/ml. No significant correlation was found between their blood levels and dietary intakes of these vitamins. The lowest limits of normalized vitamin intake in the subjects whose blood vitamin levels were within their reference .intervals, were no significant difference from the 5th RDAs for Japanese, if 20% safety margin for personal difference both and cookingloss (30% on thiamin or 25% on riboflavin) were added.
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  • Nutritional Evaluation of Calcium Ascorbate as a Calcium Source in Rats
    Atsuko TAKEUCHI, Maya KAMANO, Toshio OKANO
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 685-691
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_685
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    The nutritional effects of calcium ascorbate as a calcium source on plasma calcium metabolism and bone growth were investigated in vitamin D-deficient rats. Rats were fed ad libitum diets containing calcium ascotbate or calcium carbonate as a calcium source for 4 weeks with low dose of vitamin D3. During feeding, body weight, food consumption and calcium intake were recorded. After feeding, the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase activity, 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 in plasma were determined. Mineral density, mechanical strength and ash weight in femur were measured. Calcium metabolism and bone growth in the calcium ascorbate group improved more significantly than the calcium carbonate group. These results suggest that calcium ascotbate could be an effective calcium source.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 693-697
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_693
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 699-708
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_699
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 709-711
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_709
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 711-712
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_711
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 713-
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_713
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 715-716
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_715
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 716-717
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_716
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 717-
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_717
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 718-
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_718_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 718-719
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_718_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 719-720
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_719
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 720-721
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_720
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 721-
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_721_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 721-722
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_721_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 723-724
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_723
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1998 Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages Toc1-_19_
    Published: December 25, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.72.12_Toc1
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