VITAMINS

Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X

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Volume 23, Issue 2

Displaying 1-50 of 51 articles from this issue

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THE METABOLISM AND TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER OF VITAMIN B_<12> DURING PREGNANCY

Kunio OKUDA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_87

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This is the review of the studies conducted both in humans and rats to elucidate the metabolism of vitamin B_<12> during pregnancy. Vitamin B_<12> is transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta which is capable of extracting this vitamin from the maternal blood and sends it into the fetus against a concentration gradient, the fetal blood vitamin B_<12> being much higher than the maternal vitamin B_<12>. The villi of the placenta probably have an active transport system for vitamin B_<12>. It was observed that a cretin was born to a mother who had abnormally low serum vitamin B_<12>. The possible involvement of this vitamin in abnormal fetal development and an interrelationship between vitamin B_<12> and the thyroid are pointed out. The nutritional burden imposed upon pregnant females is also discussed from the nutritional and clinical point of view.

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STUDIES ON VITAMIN A ALDEHYDE : (III) CALCIUM TREATED PAPER PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF VITAMIN A ALDEHYDE

Goichiro KATSUI

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 97-99
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_97

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The author obtained the following results from calciun treated paper partition chromatography of vitamin A aldehyde. The Rf value of vitamin A aldehyde was found to be from 0.14 to 0.22,when petroleum benzine was used as the developing solvent. A detection of vitamin A aldehyde was done by spraying SbCl_3 solution on the paper. This method was found more sensitive than a detection by yellow color of vitamin A aldehyde itself on paper after chromatography. Vitamin A aldehyde was easily separated from its mixture with vitamin A alcohol and esters on the paper partition chromatography, on which the minimum amount of the aldehyde detected was down to 0.05 μg.

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STUDIES ON VITAMIN A ALDEHYDE : (IV) DECOMPOSITION OF VITAMIN A ALDEHYDE BY ACID, ALKALI AND LIGHT

Goichiro KATSUI

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 99-103
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_99

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Vitamin A aldehyde is stable in the alkaline solution at low temperature, but the aldehyde was decomposed by heating with alkali, yielding a large amount of decomposition products, in which a trace of a compound considered to be vitamin A alcohol was detected. It is assumed, therefore, that not only the estimation but also the identification of vitamin A aldehyde are impossible when the aldehyde treated under the similar condition was used for the hydrolysis of vitamin A esters. The isomerization of vitamin A aldehyde was resulted even at room temperature when the aldehyde was treated with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. The substance showing the absorption spectra corresponding to those of anhydrovitamin A and some of other oxidized products are also formed in the above alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution upon heating. Vitamin A aldehyde is comparatively stable under day light, a fluorescent lamp, or quartz-mercury lamp, but this substance was gradually oxidized in process of hours of exposure. For the decomposition activities of these irradiation, the quartz-mercury lamp has the strongest, followed by the fluorescent lamp, and day light was the weakest in activity.

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STUDIES ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE

Kuniko MIYAGAWA, Hideo IKEHATA, Kiku MURATA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 103-108
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_103

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Influences of daily administration of, a large amount of thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD) to rats with feed for 2 months were investigated by the growth of rats, the contents of riboflavin and thiamine in livers, and xanthine oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase activities of livers. TPD 3 mg per rot per day as a large amount, were given to two groups of rats, i. e., a riboflavin deficient group and a group with riboflavin 7-8μg/rat/day, and the results were compared with those of the groups given TPD 30μg/rat/day, as a regular amount respectively to the riboflavin deficient group or the group of 7-8μg/rat/day. The results obtained showed that administration of the large amount of TPD to the riboflavin deficient rats did not give any aggravating effect upon the growth of rats, thiamine or riboflavin contents and enzyme activities of livers. Rather a progressive effect was observed when the large amount of TPD was given to the group of rats fed riboflavin 7-8μg/rat/day.

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DECOMPOSITION PRODUCT OF THIAMINE BY BACTERIAL THIAMINASE I : (III) DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF PYRIMIDINYL-CYSTEINE

Satoe HASE, Hideo IKEHATA, Kiku MURATA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 108-111
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_108

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Pyrimidinyl-cysteine-sulfoxide, mp. 175-177℃ (decomp.), was obtained by the oxidation of pyrimidinyl-cysteine, formula (I), which was produced from thiamine and cysteine by the catalytic reaction of bacterial thiaminase I. The result of elementary analysis of the sulfoxide corresponded to the theoretical value of the formula (II). Dragendorff and ninhydrin reactions of the crystal were positive and nitroprusside reaction was negative. Ultraviolet absorption spectra of the sulfoxide at pH 5 and 7 were similar to those of pyrimidinyl-cysteine. Infrared absorption spectrum of the oxidation product showed the existence of a sulfoxide group in the molecule, which was not dectected in pyrimidinyl-cysteine.

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STUDIES ON PREPARATIONS OF CRUDE VITAMIN B_<12> : (IV) EXTRACTING PROCEDURE OF VITAMIN B_<12> FROM DRIED ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Kiyomasa KOMETANI, Masahiko KOSAKA, Taro NAKAMURA, Jun SIMIZU, Sho ASA ...

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 111-116
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_111

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In a previous report, it was confirmed that vitamin B_<12> was easily lost when dried activated sludge was exposed to rain during its solar evaporation under high temperature. On the basis of the above fact, examination on an extraction of vitamin B_<12> from the sludge has been made, not by heating and stirring, but by immersion in hot water or by washing therewith. The results were as follows : The content of vitamin B_<12> in the extract thus obtained was concentrated up to ca. 3.5 μg per ml., that is, its value was equivalent to 200μg/g of the dehydrated extract. The yield of vitamin B_<12> exceeded 70%. As the procedure was simplified because of easy separation of the extract from the sludge thus treated, and of smaller content of moisture in that sludge, the time required for this procedure was shortened, and successive operations were possible.

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STUDIES ON THIOTHIAMINE : (VII) DETECTION OF THIOTHIAMINE IN ONIONS AND CABBAGES

Takashi SUHARA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 117-119
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_117

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In order to ascertain the existence of thiothiamine in natural foodstuffs, which have been previously proved by chemical or microbiological method, the acid water extract of onion was shaken with acid clay, then the separated clay was eluted by 50% ethanol containing HCl. The eluate was evaporated and extracted by butanol, the butanol solution was further fractionated through column-chromatogram using filter-paper pulp. Finally thiothiamine was identified as the spot of Rf 0.72 by paper chromatography (acetic acid・butanol・water=1 : 4 : 5) of the concentrate. An another proof of thiothiamine was carried out through its transformation into thiochrome by cyanogen bromide in acid medium, the aqueous extract of onion or of cabbage was kept for 30 minutes with excess of cyanogen bromide at pH 3.5,and then cyanogen bromide was expelled by aeration. During this process thiamine in the solution had been unchanged. Thus formed thiochrome was extracted by butanol from the solution after addition of NaOH and identified by paper chromatography and spectrophotography. The extract of cabbage showed an another spot beside thiochrome, while that of onion indicated one spot of thiochrome only at paper chromatography.

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 119-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_119_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 119-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_119_2

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STUDIES ON THIOTHIAMINE : (VIII) ITS ISOLATION OF A THIAZOLE DERIVATIVE FROM THE URINE OF RATS AFTER INJECTION OF THIOTHIAMINE

Takashi SUHARA, Nobuko IRITANI

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 120-124
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_120

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Thiothiamine, subcutaneously injected in rats, was easily metabolized and excreted in urine to a far less extent compared with thiamine excretion after its injection. The urine, collected after injection of thiothiamine (30mg), showed three main spots (Rf 0.88-0.95,0.7 and 0.3) on paper chromatography (acetic acid・butanol・water). After making the urine alkaline it was extracted by ether and then by butanol, the ether solution contained thiothiamine and the butanol solution was fractionated through column chromatography using cellulose powder. The oily substance of Rf 0.88 and 0.95 on paper chromatogram (acetic acid・butanol・water=1 : 4 : 5), was separated and identified as 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole by preparing its picrate (mp. 117℃) which coincided with the picrate from the authentic sample.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 124-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_124_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 124-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_124_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 124-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_124_3

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STUDIES ON DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (VI) BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF DIHYDROTHLAMINE : (1) ITS REACTION WITH PLANTS

Kozo OKADA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 125-129
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_125

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For the purpose of checking possible conversion of dihydrothiamine into thiamine during germination and growth of plants, either the wheat grains, previously immersed in a dihydrothiamine solution, were germinated or the grains, previously germinated, were maintained in the cotton-sponge containing dihydrothiamine solution. In both cases dihydrothiamine was decomposed to a great extent ; a small portion of dihydrothiamine and a negligible amount of thiamine were detected in grains. Incubation of dihydrothiamine with homogenate of germinated wheat grains for 22 hours resulted also in decomposition of dihydrothiamine and practically no formation of thiamine, while incubation with the boiled homogenate showed a similar decomposition of dihydrothiamine. Homogenates of sprouts of soy beans or green beans, onions and spinachs destructed dihydrothiamine on incubating them with dihydrothiamine. Thus dihydrothiamine was proved to be unstable and decomposed easily on its contact with vegetable protein and the hypothesis of dihydrothiamine as a precursor of thiamine biosynthesis was not probable.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 129-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_129_1

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[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 129-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_129_2

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STUDIES ON DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (VII) BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (2) ITS REACTION WITH YEASTS AND MOLDS

Kozo OKADA, Chisae YAMADA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 130-133
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_130

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Cultures of bakers' yeast, Rhodotorula flava (Saito) Lodder No. 0407,R. rubra (Demme) Lodder No. 0382,or Neurospora crassa incubated hours 48 hours with 10-20mg% dihydrothiamine showed destruction of dihydrothiamine to the extent of 90-100%, and formation of thiamine to 4-10%. The similar destruction of dihydrothiamine and formation of thiamine were observed with an extract of boiled bakers' yeast. Dihydrothiamine was readily decomposed in contact with the cultures of these microorganisms and formation of thiamine from it was not enzymatic ; it was a mere oxidation of dihydrothiamine by aeration or dissolved oxygen.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 133-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_133_1

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[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 133-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_133_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 133-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_133_3

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STUDIES ON DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (VIII) BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (3) ITS REACTION WITH BAKERS' YEAST EXTRACT, CRUDE LIPOXIDASE AND PEROXIDASE

Kozo OKADA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 134-139
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_134

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Bakers' yeast extract containing alcohol dehydrogenase was incubated with 0.5 mM DPN and 3.8 mM dihydrothiamine at pH 8.5 and reduction of DPN (increase of absorption at 340 mμ) was observed whereas no formation of thiamine was detected. Dihydrothiamine was greatly decomposed even at the presence of boiled yeast extract and simultaneously DPN was reduced probably by mercaptol derived from dihydrothiamine. Either peroxidase from horse-radish with hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol or lipoxidase from soy bean with linoleate was capable to oxidize dihydrothiamine into thiamine to the extent of 3-20% (in peroxidase) or 1-4% (in lipoxidase). Simultaneous decomposition of dihydrothiamine also occurred to much greater extents corresponding to durations of its incubating time.

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HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIAMINE IN YOUNG ANIMALS DURING WEANING PERIOD : (I) THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIAMINE IN YOUNG ANIMALS OF SUCKLING AND WEANING PERIOD

Takahiko YONEHARA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 140-150
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_140

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The author studied the distribution of thiamine in organs of young albino rats at various stages of suckling and weaning period. Thiamine content in all of the organs increased with the lapse of time after birth and reached the highest value after weaning, but transitory decrease of thiamiane was observed in liver, kidney, heart and cerebrum immediately after birth. The thiamine contents of skin and hair increased rapidly after birth. The thiamine in stratum germinativum of epidermis and hair follicles reached the highest value, prior to weaning. Nervous cells in cerebrum and epithelium of digestive tracts showed a relatively high level of thiamine at the day of birth.

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[title in Japanese]

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 150-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_150_1

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[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 150-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_150_2

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HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIAMINE IN YOUNG ANIMALS DURING WEANING PERIOD : (II) DISTRIBUTION OF THIAMINE DURING WEANING PERIOD IN THIAMINE DEFICIENT ANIMALS

Takahiko YONEHARA

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 151-158
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_151

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Using young white rats submitted to deficiency during suckling and weaning period, the author studied histochemical distribution of thiamine in the organs before and after weaning. Even in advanced stages of thiamine deficiency, nervous cells in cerebrum and epithelium of digestive tracts, especially of intestine maintained a relatively high content of thiamine. Decrease in thiamine was more marked in renal tubuli than in glomeruli. The thiamine content in white pulp of spleen, especially in secondary nodules markedly reduced, reacting sensitively to thiamine deficiency. Stratum germinativum in epidermis showed rapid decrease in thiamine content at early stage of thiamine deficiency.

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[title in Japanese]

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 159-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_159_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 159-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_159_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 159-160
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_159_3

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 160-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_160_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 160-161
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_160_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 161-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_161_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 161-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_161_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 161-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_161_3

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 161-162
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_161_4

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 162-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_162_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 162-163
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_162_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 163-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_163_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 163-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_163_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 163-164
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_163_3

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 164-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_164

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 165-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_165_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 165-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_165_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 165-166
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_165_3

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 166-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_166_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 166-167
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_166_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 167-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_167_1

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 167-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_167_2

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 167-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_167_3

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Article type: Article
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 167-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_167_4

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Article type: Appendix
1961 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 168-
Published: May 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.23.2_168_1

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