VITAMINS
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Volume 41, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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  • SUCCINATE REQUIREMENT AND THIAMINE DEFICIENCY OF A THIAMINE-LESS MUTANT STRAIN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (I) THIAMINE DEFICIENCY OF A MUTANT CELL GROWN ANAEROBICALLY ON SUCCINATE
    Hideo NAKAYAMA, Kimiko KUBA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 165-172
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_165
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    A mutant strain of Escherichia coli 70-23,which requires thiamine as the intact molecule, was able to grow on succinate under anaerobic conditions, and a minute amount of thiamine pyrophosphate was found in the cells grown on succinate. Aerobically, this mutant did not respond appreciably to the substance. The different responses under aerobic and anaerobic conditions suggested that the mutant could synthesize thiamine in a limited amount under the conditions in which excess succinate was present intracellularly. It was already pointed out that the biochemical lesion in the mutant strain was in the phosphorylating step of pyrimidine moiety of thiamine. Such a blocked reaction, therefore, would be relieved to some extent by the presence of excess amounts of succinate. Subsequently, the abilities of both mutant and wildtype cells to oxidize pyruvate were measured. The results showed that pyruvate markedly stimulated the respiration of the mutant cells grown on thiamine or of the wild-type cells grown on succinate. The addition of external thiamine into the reaction mixture did not cause the further stimulation. On the other hand, in the case of the mutant cells grown on succinate the degree of pyruvate oxidizing activity was very low but the activity was fully restored by the addition of thiamine. These and other nutritional experiments led to the conclusion that the mutant cells grown on succinate under anaerobic conditions were deficient in thiamine.
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  • STABILITY OF VITAMIN K_1 IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION (II) STABILITY OF VITAMIN K_1 IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    Masahiko OHMAE, Goichiro KATSUI
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 173-177
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_173
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    The solutions of vitamin K_1 in water with varying pH were prepared with NIKKOL HCO-60,hardend castor oil ethenoxylated with 60moles ethylene oxide. These solutions were placed in sealed glass ampule in the absence of air, and then placed in a constant temperature incubator. Each stored sample was investigated by thin-layer chromatography and residual vitamin K_1 in solution was assayed spectrophotometrically. As the result, it was found that vitamin K_1 was relatively stable at pH 4.0 to 7.0,but unstable at higher pH. Degradation product of vitamin K_1 in solution with higher pH was isolated as acetyl derivative and elucidated as 6-naphthochromenol.
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  • PHOTOLYSIS OF VITAMIN K_1 (V) PHOTOLYTIC PRODUCTS IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN
    Masahiko OHMAE, Goichiro KATSUI
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 178-184
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_178
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    The solutions of vitamin K_1 in benzene or isopropanol were irradiated with mercury arc lamp in the absence of oxygen. These solutions were subjected to thin-layer chromatography using silicagel plate and chloroform as solvent to give colorless spot with Rf of 0.45 (spot 2) and yellow spot with Rf of 0.73 (spot 3). As spot 2 substance was readily oxidized, it was isolated as acetyl derivative and elucidated as 6-naphthochromenol. Spot 3 substance was separated into two spots of Rf 0.80 (spot 3-1) and 0.69 (spot 3-2) on a thin-layer plate of silicagel using n-butyl-ether・n-hexane (3 : 17) as solvent. Each substance was isolated from the degradation products by chromatographic technique and its chemical structures were elucidated In view of the identity of molecular formula, infrared and ultraviolet spectra, both substances were demonstrated to differ only in spatial arrangement and by comparison of NMR spectra in addition to these analytical data, it was concluded that spot 3-1 and 3-2 substances were trans-trans and trans-cis isomers of 1,2-bis-(2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-3-yl)-1,2-bis-(2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-1-pentadecenyl)-ethane, respectively.
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  • STUDIES ON ANTAGONISTS OF THIAMINE (XIX) FORMATION OF DESTHIOTHIAMINE AND THE DIAZEPINE COMPOUND FROM AN ALKALINE SOLUTION OF THIAMINE
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Hiroshi YOKOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 185-189
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_185
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    In the biosynthesis of thiamine from pyrimidine (I) and thiazole moieties by Sacch. cerevisiae, desthiothiamine (II) was efficiently utilized in the place of (I) but the diazepine compound (III) was not utilized unless (III) was hydrolysed by 10% HCl. When thiamine in the alkaline solution was incubated with or without glycine for hours, (II) and (III) in the reaction mixture were estimated by thiamine-biosynthesis method after their separation through paper partition chromatography. It was demonstrated that at the presence of glycine (II) was greatly increased but at its absence (III) was predominant, although (II) and (III) was always detected in the reaction mixtures with or without glycine. Formation of (II) was more or less accelerated at the presence of other amino acids except aromatic or heterocyclic amino acids but the highest yield of (II) was observed by addition of glycine.
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  • STUDIES ON ANTAGONISTS OF THIAMINE (XXII) RELATION OF DESTHIOTHIAMINE AND THE DIAZEPINE COMPOUND, OR THE FUROTHIAZINE COMPOUND
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Hiroshi YOKOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 190-194
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_190
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    The diazepine compound (I) of thiamine, when heated in its alkaline solution of pH 8〜9 (NaOH, bicarbonate or borate buffer), was partly transformed to desthiothiamine (II), while (II) was also partly converted to (I) on heating in its non-aqueous solution, such as pyridine, ethylate, or formic acid. The compounds (I) and (II), when incubated in 2% NaOH solution for hours, were easily converted into the corresponding desformyl compounds (III) and (IV) with formation of formic acid. The fomation of the furothiazine compound from these compounds (I), (II), (III) and (IV), in the reaction with γ-mercapto-γ-acetopropylalcohol (V) in alkaline solution (pH 12.5), was demonstrated by means of paper chromatography and the higher yield was observed in the reaction of the desformyl compound (III) or (IV) with (V) than that of (I) or (II).
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  • STUDIES ON ANTAGONISTS OF THIAMINE (XXIII) THE INFLUENCE OF PHENYLTRIAZINOTHIAMINE ON LACTOBACILLI AND YEAST (2)
    Tatsuro MIYAHARA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 199-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_199_4
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    The growth-inhibition of Kloeckera apiculata by phenyltriazinothiamine (PT-B_1) was not recovered by the addition of thiamine-HCl (Vitamins 33,488,1966). PT-B_1 in the broth was hydrolysed to phenylhydrazine, fomic acid and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine, on heating especially by autoclaving. Phenylhydrazine inhibited the growth of Kl. apiculata 100 times stronger than PT-B_1 and the growth-inhibition by phenylhydrazine was not recovered by thiamine-HCl. The inhibition by PT-B_1 or phenylhydrazine was not observed when such a carbonyl compound as pyridoxal phosphate, pyruvate or glucose was added to the broth. From these results, the growth-inhibition of Kl. apiculata by PT-B_1 was well explained as the inhibition caused by phenylhydrazine hydrolysed from PT-B_1,not as the competitive inhibition by PT-B_1 itself.
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  • STUDIES ON ANTAGONISTS OF THIAMINE (XXIV) INHIBITION TO THIAMINE UPTAKE OF KLOECKERA APICULATA BY ANTITHIAMINE COMPOUNDS
    Tatsuro MIYAHARA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 206-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_206_4
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    The growth of Kloeckera apiculata in the broth containing thiamine and imidazolothiamine (I) or benzylimidazolothiamine (II) was fairly retarded because of the strong inhibition of thiamine uptake by (I) or (II). Both the growth of thiamine-uptaken cells in the broth containing (I) or (II) and that of (I) or (II)-uptaken cells in the broth containing thiamine were not so much retarded because of the high content of thiamine in cells due to the easy uptake of the added thiamine. It was found that the growth after 8 hours was correlated with thiamine content or accumulation ratio of thiamine to antithiamine compound in cells after 2 hours. Coefficient of correlation between the growth and thiamine content or accumulation ratio was about 0.5 or 0.8 as shown in Fig. 5.
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  • STUDIES ON DIAZINOTHIAMINE (I) A NOVEL CONDENSATION-PRODUCT OF THIAMINE BY THE REACTION WITH HYDROXYLAMINE IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Masaomi KONDO, Hiroshi YOKOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 210-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_210
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    When thiamine-HCl in a solution of NaOH (3 moles) was reacted with NH_2OH at the room temperature, a crystalline precipitate was gradually obtained. The precipitate, purified by repeated recrystallization, was identified as the condensation-product of thiamine with NH_2OH. Diazinothiamine, C_<12>H_<17>OH_5S (dp. 281〜283℃) from the spectra of UV, IR and NMR and also elementary and mass analysis ; its chemical structure was assumed to be 4-[(2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-5-methyl-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazine. The 1,2,4-thiadiazine compound (dp. ca. 320℃) was obtained from the 5-methyl-thiazolium homolog of thiamine and NH_2OH. Diazinothiamine was proved to be very stable in acid or alkali, there was no conversion to thiamine or its pyrimidine moiety by chemical reaction with oxidants or reductants.
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  • STUDIES ON DIAZINOTHIAMINE (II) THE REACTION CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF DIAZINO-THIAMINE FROM THIAMINE AND HYDROXYLAMINE
    Hiroshi YOKOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 211-215
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_211
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    When thiamine in solutions of NaOH (0.5〜4.5 moles) was reacted with NH_2OH (2〜3 moles) at 10〜20℃, diazinothiamine was obtained as precipitates at the range of NaOH 2〜4 moles with the highest yield at 3 moles, where only diazinothiamine was detected in the reaction mixtures, by means of paper chromatography, but the by-products, such as hydroxyiminothiamine and the furothiazine compound, were detected in the solutions of 2〜2.5 moles NaOH and of 4 moles NaOH. The formation of 1,2,4-thiadiazine compounds was also observed from the reaction of both oxythiamine and N-benzylthiazolium compound with NH_2OH ; the compounds C_<12>H_<16>O_2N_4S (decomp. 255〜257℃) and C_<13>H_<16>ON_2S (mp. 155℃) were obtained.
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  • THE CONVERSION OF THIOCTAMIDE TO THIOCTIC ACID IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM (III) RAT LIVER LIPOAMIDASE
    Junitsu SAITO
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 221-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_221
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    The lipoamide hydrolyzing enzyme, widely distributed in rat tissues, has been selectively solubilized and 4.4-fold purified from the particulate fraction of liver by Triton X-100 treatment of sonicated precipitate. It was found that the enzyme was able to decrease the over all activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, partially purified from beef heart muscle. The enzyme has been more purified 7.2-fold by twice DEAE-sephadex column chromatographies. It was also demonstrated that the release of lipoic acid by purified enzyme was accompanied by the decrease of over all α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity by the purified enzyme, although α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was remained constant. From these observations, it was concluded that the purified enzyme and lipoamidase was identical.
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  • PYRIDOXINE UPTAKE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Noriaki OYA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 222-229
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_222
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    It has been observed that pyridoxine and pyridoxal added to the medium are uptaken into the cells of Escherichia coli and elevate the intracellular content of pyridoxal phosphate. In order to investigate the transport mechanism of pyridoxine into the cells, experiments were made of ^3H-pyridoxine transport by a mutant (KG 980) of E. coli, which requires a high concentration of vitamin B_6 for growth, isolated from E. coli K12 by nitrosoguanidine treatment. Uptake of ^3H-pyridoxine by the cells was found to be an energy-, temperature- and pH-dependent process. It was specifically inhibited by vitamin B_6 analogues. The enzymes, which are capable of conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate, were prepared from the sonic extracts of the mutants and parents. They were found in the soluble fraction of the sonic extracts, but in the membrane fraction in contrast with thiamine kinase from E. coli. From the investigation of enzyme activities, the pathway of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate was assumed to be predominant in pyridoxine→pyridoxine phosphate→pyridoxal phosphate. The specific inhibition by vitamin B_6 analogues, especially 4-deoxypyridoxine seemed to be limited to the step of permeation, since they were not implicated in the conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phoshate. This result suggests an existence of a "carrier protein" specific for pyridoxine transport through the cell membranes.
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  • THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN B_6 ON AUTOOXIDATION OF LINOLEIC ACID AND DENATURATION OF SERUM β-LIPOPROTEIN AFFECTED BY LIPOPEROXIDE
    Kenzi KOMURA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 239-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_239_3
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    The effects of vitamin B_6 on autooxidation of linoleic acid and denaturation of serum β-lipoprotein affected by liperoxide were investigated. Vitamin B_6 decreased autooxidation of linoleic acid with emulsion phase of 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH7.0,while showed no effect on the induction period of this system. Peroxide of ethyl linoleate had a marked effect on the stability of β-lipoprotein in human serum. In a study on the interaction between lml of human serum and 20mg of peroxide of ethyl linoleate, 2×10^<-2>M vitamin B_6 prevented serum β-lipoprotein from its denaturation and this preventive action was at least observed at a concentration of 2×10^<-6>M vitamin B_6. In vivo, treatment of vitamin B_6 decreased degree of serum TBA-reaction of patients with arteriosclerosis and albino rats. Those effects of vitamin B_6 are not seemed to be physiological but pharmacological.
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  • THE COLOR REACTION OF DEHYDRO-L-ASCORBIC ACID WITH PYRROLE (V) THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID WITH PYRROLE
    Yoshitomo KOCHI, Yoshio KANEDA
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 240-244
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_240
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    A new colorimetric method was devised for determination of L-ascorbic acid with pyrrole as a color developing agent in metaphosphoric acid. The addition of cupric sulfate ensures blue color developing. The method was applied to ascorbic acid preparations snch as injection (I), powder (II), tablets (III), multivitamin solution (IV), and multivitamin tablets (V). The test solution was prepared by dissolving I, IV, or extracting II, III, and V in 5% metaphosphoric acid with iodine-oxidation and with charcoal treatment (VI, V). To 5.0ml of the test solution, 0.05ml of 0.1% solution of cupric sulfate (I, II, III), or 20% solution of cupric sulfate (IV, V) and 0.05ml of 20% pyrrole・ethanol solution were successively added, and the mixture was warmed at 50℃. After cooling to 10℃, the developed color was measured at the absorption maximum of 615mμ, with a reagent blank, which followed the Beer's rule in a concentration range of 100 to 500μg/ml. The optimum heating time for the color development was 20 minutes for I, II, III, and 10 minutes for IV and V. Any vitamin, amino acid did not interfere the coloration.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 245-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_245_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 245-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_245_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 245-246
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_245_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 246-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_246_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 246-247
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_246_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 247-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_247_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 247-248
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_247_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 248-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_248_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 248-249
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_248_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 249-250
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_249
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 250-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_250
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 251-252
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_251_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 252-
    Published: March 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.41.3_252
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