VITAMINS

Study on clinical effects and basic action mechanisms of acyclic retinoid for chemoprevention of liver cancers

Hisataka Moriwaki

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 665-670
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_665

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Prognosis of liver cancer is poor due to a high recurrence rate, which is attributable to multicentric carcinogenesis in the liver under exposure to hepatitis virus infection or alcohol intoxication. To overcome such carcinogenesis, deletion of transformed premalignant cellular clone(s) is essential. Since these clones are invisible by medical imaging, pharmacological approach is required. Such a concept of clonal deletion by chemical compounds is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a key nuclear receptor and regulates cellular differentiation and programmed cell death. In liver carcinogenesis, RXR is phosphorylated and loses its transcription activity, leading to cellular atypia and immortalization. Acyclic retinoid is a synthetic RXR-ligand, restores the RXR malfunction, and actually induces differentiation and apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Phase II/III clinical trials of acyclic retinoid demonstrated significant preventive effect on second primary liver carcinogenesis. Currently the phase III trial is in progress with the scheduled key-open in 2016-7. (150 words)

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Effect of vitamin E isoforms on glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet

Izuho Chikamatsu, Chizu Yoshihara, Kaori Yamashita, Mai Akao, Mariko S ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 671-677
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_671

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We investigated the effect of vitamin E isoforms on the glucose tolerance in high-fat-induced obese mice. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice aged six weeks were divided into three groups and fed a high-fat diet without vitamin E (HF), HF supplemented with 0.1% α-tocopherol (α-Toc) or HF supplemented with 0.1% γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) for ten weeks. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were tested after nine weeks of experimental diet feeding. Although growth rate and food intake were not significantly different among the three groups, addition of γ-T3, but not α-Toc, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity induced by the high-fat diet in obese mice. Fasting insulin levels in the γ-T3 group were lower than those in other high-fat groups, and the level of insulin secretion following glucose loading was significantly higher in the γ-T3 group than in the HF group. Histological findings showed that islets of the γ-T3 group were sufficiently active to secrete insulin in spite of high-fat feeding. These results suggested that γ-T3, but not α-Toc, protected islets against lipotoxicity and could be effective in treating type 2 diabetes.

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Biotin deficiency caused by special formulas in Japanese infants

Masahiro Yuasa, Kimi Matsumoto, Toshiaki Watanabe

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 678-684
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_678

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Biotin is a water soluble vitamin that is a cofactor for carboxylases in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acids metabolism. Biotin deficiency is very rare in humans since biotin is widely contained in various foods. However, biotin deficiency has been reported in infants using "infant formulas" made in Japan. Biotin deficiency is especially developed in infants with special formulas, high-calorie infusion with low biotin contents and anticonvulsants. Biotin deficiency is sometimes shown in infant patients with milk allergies caused by amino acid formula with low biotin contents. In this article, we reviewed the biotin deficiency induced by special formulas in Japanese infants. From previous reports, the biotin content in Japanese formulas is lower than the recommended dietary amount of FAO/WHO (1.5 μg/100kcal) and that of United States products. Urinary biotin concentration in formula-fed infants is lower than breast-fed infants, because biotin contents in Japanese formulas are much less. From these findings, biotin should be added to Japanese infant formulas as soon as possible, and it is necessary to make clinical staffs, such as dietitians and pediatricians, and neonatal intensive care unit staffs recognize that the biotin contents in special formula are not enough for maintaining the nutritional status of biotin.

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Role of periostin in the progression of atopic dermatitis

Kazuki Oguchi, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Michio Komai

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 685-686
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_685

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Resveratrol as a multifunctional antioxidant

Takakazu Mitani, Naoki Harada, Ryoichi Yamaji

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 687-689
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_687

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Caloric restriction couldn't extend lifespan

Akihito Ishigami

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 690-692
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_690

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 693-694
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_693

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 694-696
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_694

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 696-
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_696_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 696-697
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_696_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 697-
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_697_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 697-698
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_697_2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2012 Volume 86 Issue 12 Pages 699-703
Published: December 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.86.12_699

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