VITAMINS
Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 69, Issue 2
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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  • Antioxidant Function of Vitamin B_2
    Nobuko OHISHI
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 59-66
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_59
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    Evidence that vitamin B_2 acts as an antioxidant has been provided by the following in vitro and in vivo experiments : When a fat-soluble riboflavin derivative, riboflavin tetrabutyrate, was added to the peroxidative reaction system comprising linoleic acid and soybean lipoxygenase, its visible absorption spectrum was converted gradually to become like that of its reduced form and the isoalloxazine nucleus trapped a portion of linoleic acid hydroperoxide at the C(4a) position to form a new flavin derivative, 4a-CH_3(CH_2)_4-4a, 5-dihydroflavin tetrabutyrate, indicating that B_2 acts as a radical trapper. When young male Wistar rats were fed a B_2-deficient diet, the levels of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) were decreased, and the activities of the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase in the liver and erythrocytes were also decreased after 2 weeks' feeding. Then the serum lipid peroxide level was increased significantly one week later. If riboflavin was given sufficiently, such a decrease in glutathione reductase activity and increase in lipid peroxides were not observed, indicating that B_2 acts to degrade lipid peroxides in conjunction with the potent lipid peroxide-scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Platelets from rats fed a linoleic acid hydroperoxide-supplemented diet containing a minute amount of B_2 aggregated significantly, whereas those from rats fed the same diet containing an excess amount of B_2 turned to the normal level of aggregation. When oxidized corn oil was administered to rats, peripheral blood flow decreased in spite of treatment with α-tocopherol, and the flow increased by the administration of the fat-soluble riboflavin derivative in dose-dependent manner. At that time, plasma tocopherol level increased in proportion to the concentration of the administered riboflavin derivative.
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  • Thiamin and Riboflavin Status in Long-term Hospitalized Elderly Patients. : Effect of Long-term Daily Administration of A Multivitamin Preparation
    Yoshinori ITOKAWA, Mieko KIMURA, Naomasa SAKAMOTO, Kohsuke NISHINO, Sa ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 67-74
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_67
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    In a series of studies on thiamin and riboflavin status in elderly, the influence of a long-term daily administration of multivitamin tablets containing 10 mg of TTFD (thiamin tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and 7 mg of riboflavin was investigated on 17 elderly patients admitted in two hospitals for long terms and 20 young healthy adults (control). In both groups of elderly subjects and young adults, average blood thiamin levels were in the state of marginal thiamin deficiency before the administration of multivitamin tablets. After a long-term administration of multivitamin tablets, blood thiamin levels of the both groups increased to normal range. At 8 days after the discontinuance of multivitamin administration, the blood thiamin levels of elderly group decreased below the normal range, but those of young adult group stayed within normal range. It was clarified that erythrocyte transketolase activities and TPP effects were insensible index as compared to blood thiamin levels. On the other hand, almost no marginal riboflavin deficiency of the both groups was observed as indicated by blood riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activities and FAD effects.
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  • Nutritional State of Vitamin B_<12> in Plasma and Effect of Oral Administration of a Multivitamin on Plasma Level in Elderly
    Masami INADA, Noriko NAGATA, Hideyuki YOSHIOKA, Hiroshi DEKIGAI, Moton ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 75-83
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_75
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    Plasma Vitamin P_12<12> in elderly and young subjects and the effect of oral administration of a multivitamin tablet on the plasma level were investigated. Both elderly and young groups were composed of 10 males and 10 females. Most of elderly had been suffered from cerebrovascular diseases, but they were able to live their daily lives without any supports, while young group was all healthy. Blood samples were collected before administration of the tablet, after the administration for 28 days, and at 8 days after the cessation. Plasma vitamin B_<12> was measured using radio-competition kit (magic, non-boil type). The results showed that marginal deficiency of vitamin B_<12> was found in 3 cases in elderly and in 3 cases in young subjects before the administration, that after the administration for 28 days, plasma B_<12> levels markedly increased in all groups, and that cases with marginal deficiency were all improved. Statistical tests revealed that the values significantly increased in elderly males (p < 0.05) and in young males (p < 0.01). It was found that the vitamin B_<12> plasma levels at 8 days after the cessation were slightly decreased in all groups and marginal deficiency reappeared in only one case of the same elderly subject. As for the relationship between protein intake and vitamin B_<12> plasma level, it was found that the higher protein intake brought higher plasma level of vitamin B_<12>.
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  • Impaired Vitamin C Status of Hospitalized Elderly Patients and its Improvement by Daily Multivitamin Supplementation
    Akira MURATA, Kil-Jin KANG, Satoru MIYATA, Jou FUJII, Hiroshi TAMAI, M ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 85-92
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_85
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    A study of vitamin C status was undertaken in long-term hospitalized patients aged 70-90 years in two hospitals. Vitamin C status was also determined in a control group of healthy young adults aged 19-40 years. The plasma vitamin C level (Mean±SD, mg/100 ml) was 0.22±0.05 for elderly males (n=10), 0.33±0.12 for elderly females (n=10), 0.44±0.15 for young males (n=10), and 0.58±0.12 for young females (n=10). Eighty-five percent of the elderly patients were classified as having marginal deficiency (0.2-0.4 mg/100 ml) or deficiency (<0.2 mg/100 ml). Thus, impaired vitamin C status was observed in hospitalized elderly patients. The dietary intake of vitamin C (Mean±SD, mg/day) in the 4 subject groups was 56.3±31.0, 55.1±16.3, 65.2±39.6, and 75.4±36.5, respectively. These values were considerably lower than those obtained by the national nutrition survey. All subjects received supplementation with a multivitamin providing 250 mg/day of vitamin C for 28 days. The plasma vitamin C level after the supplementation was 0.74±0.13, 0.90±0.08, 1.00±0.14, and 1.07±0.14, respectively. In all groups the vitamin C level was markedly higher than before supplementation. The dietary intake of vitamin C on days 21-23 of supplementation was 70.9±14.6, 70.8±8.1, 52.3±31.4, and 57.1±22.9, respectively. These results indicate that multivitamin supplementation improved the vitamin C status. The plasma vitamin C level returned to its initial state at 8 days after the discontinuation of supplementation. Our findings suggest that adequate multivitamin supplementation is important for the long-term hospitalized elderly.
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  • Vitamin A and E Status in Elderly Subjects and the Effect of Long-term Administration of a Multivitamin Preparation on Status
    Hiroshi TAMAI, Takuya TANABE, Takao MORINOBU, Takuji MURATA, Han-Suk K ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_93
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    The nutritional status of vitamin E in elderly Japanese subjects was examined as compared with that in the young adults by determination of α-tocopherol levels in plasma, red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT), mononuclear cells (MN), and buccal mucosal cells (BMC). Vitamin A status was examined only by plasma retinol levels. RBC-, and BMC-α-Toc levels in female elderly were lower than those in female young, while MN- α-Toc, and plasma- α-Toc/total lipids in male elderly were lower than those in male young. Vitamin A level in male young was higher than that in male elderly and female young. The daily vitamin E intake of the elderly subjects in these institutions was below the recommended dietary allowance for the Japanese population. The vitamin A status and the daily vitamin A intake were sufficient in the elderly subjects. After administration of a multivitamin preparation for 4 weeks, plasma-, and cellular-α-tocopherol levels were increased in both elderly and young subjects. No increase in plasma retinol and abnormal peak of retinylester was observed after administration.
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  • Positive Effects of Successive Daily Oral Administration of a Multivitamins Preparation Containing Vitamin D_2 for 4 Weeks on Vitamin D Nutritional Status in Elderly Subjects
    Atsuko TAKEUCHI, Toshio OKANO, Yuki ISHIDA, Sonoko MASUDA, Satoru MIYA ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 103-113
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_103
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    To clarify the effects of successive daily oral administration of a multivitamin preparation (200 IU/day of vitamin D_2) for 4 weeks on vitamin D nutritional status in elderly subjects, the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)_2D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) were determined. Although the plasma levels of 25-OH-D in the elderly subjects were very low before administration, these significantly increased to the normal range by successive administration of the preparation for 28 days. The levels did not significantly decrease even 8 days after the cessation of administration. The 1,25(OH)_2D levels in the elderly male which were low before administration increased to the normal range by the successive administration, while these in the elderly female within the normal range were not significantly changed by the administration. The results suggest that the metabolism of 25-OH-D to 2,25(OH)_2D was well controlled without showing hypervitaminosis. The initial high PTH levels in the elderly female decreased to the normal range by the administration. The plasma Ca and Pi levels were kept in the respective normal ranges during the experiment. These results suggest that successive daily oral administration of vitamin D is effective to improve the vitamin D nutritional status in the elderly subjects without hypervitaminosis.
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  • Changes in Blood Concentrations and Urinary Excretion of Vitamin B_1 after either Single or Divided Oral Administration of Tablets Containing Thiamin Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide
    Yoshinon ITOKAWA, Tsuyoshi NAKAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 115-121
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_115
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    Bioavailability of preparations of thiamin tetrahydrofurfryl disulfide (TTFD) was examined in 6 healthy male adult volunteers. 1. No significant difference was observed in the AUC and urinary excretion of vitamin B_1 in the daily 100 mg TTFD administration between single and twice divided dose. 2. C_<max> AUC and urinary excretion of vitamin B_1 were two fold higher at orally once administration of 100mg of TTFD as compared with those at the 50 mg administration. Those were in dose-dependent manner and did not differ between difference of the tablets. 3. There were no differences in its pharmacokinetic parameters between postprandial administration of 100 mg TTFD and the administration at fasting, but variables in blood levels with respect to the absorption seemed to be smaller in postprandial administration than in fasting administration.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 123-128
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_123
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 129-135
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_129
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 137-141
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_137
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 143-144
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_143
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 144-
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_144_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 144-145
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_144_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 145-146
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_145
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 146-147
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_146
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 147-148
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_147
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 148-149
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_148
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 149-
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_149
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 150-
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_150_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 150-151
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_150_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 151-152
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_151
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 152-153
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_152
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 153-154
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_153
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 155-158
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_155
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 158-160
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_158
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 160-161
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_160
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 162-163
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_162
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 163-164
    Published: February 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.69.2_163
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