In a previous paper it has been shown that DPNH-diaphorase activity presumably appeared around prophase in mitotic cycle of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to determine the exact period of appearance of the DPNH-diaphorase activity by means of the combined technique of histochemistry and autoradiography. Samples of ascitic fluid from mouse were obtained at various intervals after a single injection of tritiated thymidine, and the percentage of labeled ones among the cells showing DPNH-diaphorase activity was scored on autoradiographs of smears. The result showed that the percentage was 36% at 2 hours, 78% at 5 hours, 90% at 8 hours, 92% at 11 hours, 87% at 14 hours, 64% at 17 hours, and 35% at 20 hours. From the result the author deduced that the DPNH-diaphorase activity might begin to appear at antephase in mitotic cycle of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells.

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In a previous paper it has been shown that riboflavin of liver tissue of mouse or rat increased in concentration during a restoration period of 24 to 55 hours after partial (ca. 10%) hepatectomy. The present study was undertaken to determine how riboflavin and thiamine contents change after partial (ca. 40%) hepatectomy in rat. The riboflavin content was proved to increase significantly at the 72 hours after pertial hepatectomy under the normal condition and at the 48 hours under the riboflavin deficiency, while thiamine content seemed to decrease.

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The influences of massive dose of thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD) on the growth of embryonic nerve of chick, in vitro, the functional recovery related to adult neural regeneration of rabbit, in vivo, and on the prevention of progressive neuropathy owing to acrylamide poisoning were investigated. The growth of axon from spinal ganglion in 11th day's chick embryo was promoted 1.5 times of the control by 6.25 μg per ml of TPD at 72 hours incubation. The effects were not recognized by the application of thiamine or cocarboxylase. Accompanying a process of the regeneration of amputated sciatic nerve in adult rabbits, electromyogram pattern become to indicate the recovered nerve function. With daily injection of TPD 10 mg per head, the occurances of these patterns were all accelerated and further the amplitude of each pattern was obviously higher than that of control. Ataxia resulted from acrylamide polyneuritis in rabbits was delayed remarkably by daily administration of TPD 20 mg per head. Utilizing contact autoradiography, ^<35>S- and ^<14>C-TPD (inner) were taken closely in motor neuron of spinal cord. In above results, it could be assumed that the application of massive dose of TPD in vitro or in vivo promotes the biosynthesis of nucleoprotein in neuron correlated with axonal protein.

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In previous paper, the authors reported the formation of deoxyinosine from inosine by washed cell suspension of Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830. In the present paper, studies were attempted for the isolation and identification of the compounds appeared in the reaction mixture by two dimensional paper chromatography and bioautography, and the recovery of the standard compounds added to the reaction mixture. Further, the formation of deoxyinosine-^<14>C was investigated from inosine-8^<14>C. The isolation and identification of deoxyinosine-^<14>C was tested by the two dimensional paper chromatography and on the other hand the metabolic fate of inosine-8^<14>C was also examined. By the addition of inosine-8^<14>C, it was found in deoxyinosine fraction by paper chromatoscanning in amount of 8% of the added ^<14>C.

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In previous paper, the authors reported the formation of deoxyinosine-^<14>C from inosine-8^<14>C by washed cell suspension of L.leichmannii ATCC 7830. In the present paper the incorporation of ^<14>C of hypoxanthine-8^<14>C or D-ribose-1^<14>C in deoxyinosine was studied, according to the method described in previous paper, and the products formed by the reaction were examined by two dimensional paper chromatography, autoradiography and paper chromatoscanning. By the addition of hypoxanthine-^<14>C and ribose, ^<14>C was found in deoxyinosine fraction by paper chromatoscanning in amount of 2.7% of the added ^<14>C, but in the case of hypoxahthine and D-ribose-1^<14>C were used, the incorporation of ^<14>C in deoxyinosine was scarcely recognized.

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Oxidation of symmetrical disulfide-type thiamines with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid did not produce the monosulfoxides of the thiamines, but gave thiaminic acid, 2-[2'-methyl-4'-aminopyrimidyl- (5') ]-methylformamino-5-hydroxy-Δ^2-pentenyl-3-sulfonic acid, or its O-acyl ester as previously reported. In this paper, by the use of perbenzoic acid as an oxidizing agent, the monosulfoxides were prepared and confirmed as the new thiamine derivatives. One of these compounds, O-benzoylthiamine disulfide monosulfoxide was tested for the prevention of thiamine-deficiency in Uroloncha domestica, and it was found to posses approximately the same efficacy as that of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide. Furthermore, it was also found that the higher blood level of thiamine was reserved for a long time than in case of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide, when the monosulfoxide was orally or intravenously admistered in rabbits.

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Rise of blood thiamine levels by the intravenous injection of various O-acylthiamine disulfides into rabbit were investigated. Applying kinetics, the elimination constants and biological half-lives of thiamine were determined for each derivative and precise and reliable comparison of the each was made possible. It was found that the derivative of 4-carbon aliphatic acyl groups was the most excellent one giving the highest thiamine lebel and its sustention. Both increase and decrease of the acyl carbon numbers resulted the lower blood level and higher elimination rate. These values were found to be correlated with in vitro penetrating abilities into erythrocytes of each derivative. Solubility, stability and other properties of the 4-carbon acyl derivative, O-butyroylthiamine disulfide, were tested and it was concluded that the new compound may be of value for pharmaceutical and clinical use.

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The cyclohexane whole oil methods of vitamin A determination in British Pharmacopeia 1958,Addendum 1960 (BP 1960) and British Pharmacopeia 1963 (BP 1963) were applied to mixtures containing pure all-trans vitamin A acetate and pure neovitamin A acetate. It was found that the values estimated by BP 1963 method were a little higher than those estimated by BP 1960 method and that the latter were closer to the biological potencies, calculated as the potency of all-trans vitamin A acetate 100 and that of neovitamin A 75.3.

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Vitamin A values of the sample containing all-trans vitamin A only and the samples containing all-trans vitamin A and neovitamin A (confirmed by thin-layer chromatography) were estimated by the methods of USP XVI, BP 1960,BP 1963 and the modified method of JP VII. When the values estimated by USP XVI method and JP VII modified method were compared with those estimated by BP 1960 and 1963 methods on the sample containing all-trans vitamin A only, the former were about 1.5% lower than the latter. This might be due to the loss of vitamin A in the preparation of the unsaponifiable matter. When the values estimated by BP 1963 method were compared with those by the other methods on the samples containing all-trans vitamin A and neovitamin A, the former were 1 to 4 % higher than the latter. This might be due to the fact that BP 1963 method gave a little higher value than the calculated biological potency for neovitamin A.

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[in Japanese]

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For the purpose of investigation of the influence of contaminant in twenty-three longstored samples, including five synthetic oleovitamin A, five vitamin preparations and thirteen fish-liver oils, on vitamin A value, alumina-column chromatographic treatment was applied to the unsaponifiable matter of these samples and the vitamin A values estimated before and after the treatment were compared. It was found that the vitamin A values of two vitamin preparations and seven fish-liver oils were increased 0.4 to 5.1% by the treatment and that the vitamin A values of the other samples were little affected by the treatment. By these observations, it might be concluded that the application of alumina-column chromatographic treatment was not always necessary for these samples.

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The nutritional quality of laver (mixed growth of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda about 80%, P.tenera Kjellm about 20%) manured by artificial fertilizer, was investigated. It was confirmed that the amounts of protein, lipid, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin and cyanocobalamin contents were larger than unmanured one. Even the culture was extended over the proper harvesting period, the nutritional quality was maintained by manuring.

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It is revealed in this study that alanine transaminase (GPT) and aspartate transaminase (GOT) localized at supernatant are induced on the physiological condition to produce enhanced rate of gluconeogenesis, but GPT and GOT localized at mitochondria are not induced. From these results it is presumed that these isozymes are controled by the different genetic systems of protein biosynthese, and GPT and GOT localized at supernatant are reguratory in respect to gluconeogenesis, and also discussed about allotment of metabolic role of GOT-isozyme.

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Vitamin C retention, moisture content, fading of dyes and carbon dioxide production in powdered juices or powdered blister drinks were examined after storage at 37℃, 90% humidity for 30 days in three kinds of cellophane bags. When vinylidene chloride coated polyethylene laminated cellophane, vinylidene chloride coated cellophane and polyethylene laminated cellophane were used, 76.9%, 66.7% and 47.6% of the added vitamin C in powdered juices remained, respectively. The former two also showed higher protections from moistening and fading of dyes than the latter. In the case of powdered blister drinks, similar results were also obtained. When vinylidene chloride coated polyethylene laminated cellophane was used, swelling of the bag owing to carbon dioxide prodution was observed.

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