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Volume 26 (1962)
- Issue 6 Pages 399-
- Issue 5 Pages 329-
- Issue 4 Pages 241-
- Issue 3 Pages 179-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 5
Displaying 1-31 of 31 articles from this issue
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Yoshitake MANO, Yasuo KAGAWAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 329-341
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetabolism of L-ascorbic acid was studied in animal tissues by means of purification of each enzyme in the synthetic and degradative pathways. In the present paper the synthetic pathway is reviewed, and the degradative pathway will be reviewed in the forthcoming paper. Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid from D-glucuronic acid requires the following three steps : 1) Reduction of D-glucuronic acid by TPN L-hexonate dehydrogenase to form L-gulonic acid, 2) lactonization of L-gulonic acid by lactonase I (aldonolactonase) to form L-gulonolactone, and 3) oxidation of L-gulonolactone by gulonolactone dehydrogenase to form L-ascorbic acid. TPN L-hexonate dehydrogenase was purified about 500-fold from rat liver supernatant. This enzyme showed a narrow substrate specificity in an oxidation reaction limiting only in L-hexonate and broad specificity in a reduction reaction covering most aldehyde compounds tested. Lactonase I was purified about 60-fold from beef liver extract. This enzyme could catalyze the reversible hydrolysis and formation of a lactone ring by acting on various uronic and aldonic acids. The identity of this enzyme with gluconolactonase and its difference from 6-phosphogluconolactonase were observed. Another kind of lactonase which acts only on glucuronolactone was found in microsomes (lactonase II). Gulonolactone dehydrogenase which is loacted in microsomes catalyzes the oxidation of aldonolactones which have the C_2 levo-configuration. This enzyme is absent in primates and the guinea pig which need a dietary supply of ascorbic acid. To clarify the role of these enzymes in ascorbic acid synthesis, the experiments with tissue slices and a reconstructed system of purified enzymes were performed. In conclusion, ascorbic acid is synthesized in mammalian liver from D-glucuronic acid by way of L-gulonic acid and L-gulonolactone. Only lactonase I among the three lactonases is essential to this process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1396K) -
Masayuki TAKAHASHI, Miyato HIGAKI, Shigeru INABA, Takao SUZUKI, Yoshik ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 342-346
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reports concerning the mechanism of vitamin D action are still limited in number. In this study one-day-old White Leghorn cockerels, weighing about 35 g were used. After 5 weeks feeding with vitamin D deficient diet, 25 μc of ^<32>P-phosphate was given either orally or intramusculary. The birds were killed and the left tibia and other tissues were collected and radioactivity was determined by usual Comar's method. The data showed the higher ^<32>P-labelled in the vitamin D_3-treated chicks and rather lower in the vitamin D-deficient ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Masayuki TAKAHASHI, Miyato HIGAKI, Shigeru INABA, Takao SUZUKI, Yoshik ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 347-349
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous paper, the relationship between vitamin D potency and sulfate metabolism was reported and higher level of sulfate in keel and left tibia, in chicks receiving vitamin D, was demonstrated using ^<35>S-sulfate. One-day-old White Leghorn cockerels, weighing about 35g were used in the experiments. The birds were given 125μc orally or 25μc of ^<35>S-sulfate intramusculary. The birds were killed and radioactivity of left tibia and other tissue was determined by usual Comar's method. It was proved that the deposition of ^<35>S in the tissues was higher in the birds receiving vitamin D_3 than those of vitamin D deficient or supplemented with, vitamin D_2.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Tsuneo TANAKA, Chiaki TAKAMATSU, Tetsusaburo NISHIKAWA, Masayuki TAKAH ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 350-354
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite Leghorn chicks were fed with vitamin D-deficient diet with the addition of vitamin D_3 or D_3. In the group receiving vitamin D_3,the increase in citrate oxidizing ability in liver homogenate was statistically significant, while no influence was found on oxidative phosphorylating ability of citric acid. The convertion of inorganic phosphate to organic phosphorus compound was increased by the administration of vitamin D_3. It suggests that there may be some relation between phosphorus and sulphur metabolisms. No influence was observed on the pyruvate oxidative phosphorylating ability and pyruvate oxidase in liver homogenate, by the administration of vitamin D_3. With regard to the high level of "active sulfate", the increase of reduced glutathione in blood was statistically significant in the group receiving vitamin D_3,but no influence was observed on oxidized glutathione in blood and liver. The above results suggest that SH-group may be able to supply osseomucoid with sulphur.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
Nobuo SENO, Yoshikazu SAHASHIArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 354-357
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProphylactic tests of "Kiriyoi Disease" were performed by treating with the supplement of chlorophyll and cobalt, but no successful result has been obtained in 399 calves. Further experiments with oral administration of active vitamin B_<12>-producting strain were carried out, and marked prophylactic response was demonstrated in 344 calves. Finally, the acidic properties of the soil in the province were adjusted by treating with alkaline solution, and the increase of the strains was recognied.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
Soichi NIWA, Nobu KATAYAMAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 358-361
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVitamin C enriched orange juice was produced in factory production-manners. On these products, change of pigments was carefully observed in order to see the effects of the following factors respectively, such as polyphosphate, water and method of production. Addition of a certain amount of polyphosphate to the products in the course of manufacture proved to be comsiderably effective against the decomposition of vitamin C and pigments, but the addition during preservation, very little effect was observed. It was found that HTST method decreased considerably the rate of decomposition of vitamin C and pigment as compared with the usual pasteurization. The decomposition of vitamin C and pigment was found hardly influenced by the water used. As for the influence of temperature during preservation, there was little difference either with or without polyphosphate. On the contrary, the volume of air in the bottle was found to be one of the important factors of vitamin C decomposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Sumihiko OKUYAMA, Sunao HARAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 362-368
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied on the effect of lipoic acid and lipoic acid derivatives, such as lipoamide, dihydrolipoic acid, e-N-lipoyl-L-lysine, thiamine-8-(methyl-6-acetyl-dihydrothioctate) disulfide, on the experimental liver damage by CCl_4 in rats, and it was observed that lipoic acid and its derivatives alleviated the liver lesion by CCl_4. The alleviation of the liver lesion by lipoyl-L-lysine was milder than that by the other derivatives. It is conceivable that the alleviation of the liver lesion by lipoic acid derivatives is derived from lipoic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (3512K) -
Kunio YAGI, Jun OKUDA, Misao KOBAYASHIArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 368-371
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of riboflavin-2', 3', 4', 5'-tetrabutyrate and tetrapalmitate on ariboflavinosis of rat were studied. The former could cure ariboflavinosis of rat, but the latter couldn't.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Chikataro KAWASAKI, Kozo OKADAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 372-376
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs already shown by us, although n-dihydrothiamine (DHB_1) is very unstable in hydrochloric acid, its solution is easily stabilized by alkalinization, because n-DHB_1 is easily transformed into ps-DHB_1 which is stable in alkaline media. When ps-DHB_1 solution was kept with acetic acid, acetate buffer or phosphate buffer at 35℃, it was found fairly stable to such an extent that 60〜80% of DHB_1 remained unchanged whithin 4 hours, showing much more stability at higher pH values of the solutions. Oxidation of n- or ps-DHB_1 by hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid did not yield thiamine but simultaneously DHB_1 was decomposed into 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine which was isolated as its sulfate of mp. (decomp.) 265℃. DHB_1 is slowly decomosed in acetate buffer of pH 3.5〜4.5 but at the presence of an excess amount of cyanide or cyanate, formation of thiamine from DHB_1 was favored. Conversion to thiamine from DHB_1 was accelerated by aeration or saturation of oxygen gas and inhibited by expelling air with saturation of hydrogen or nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Chikataro KAWASAKI, Chisae YAMADAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 377-380
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth-stimulating activity of thiamine-8-(methyl-6-acetyl-dihydrothioctate)-disulfidehydrochloride (TATD) on Lactobacillus fermenti and Kloeckera apiculata was investigated when TATD was added aseptically to the broth. TATD showed the same activity as thiamine or thiamine disulfide on Lactobacillus at the concentrations between 1/4×10^<-7> and 1/4×10^<-3> M, whereas at the 1/4×10^<-2> M concentration, it indicated a marked growth-inhibition in the MaciasR broth containing cysteine. In the broth without cysteine, TATD had the same growth-stimulating activity as thiamine disulfide, though weaker than thiamine, at the concentrations between 1/4×10^<-7>and 1/4×10^<-4> M and also indicated the growth-inhibition at 1/4×10^<-3>-1/4×10^<-2> M. On Kloeckera assay TATD showed nearly the same activity as thiamine or thiamine disulfide at the concentrations between 1/4×10^<-7> 1/4×10^<-2> M, but no inhibitory effect even at such high concentration as 1/4×10^<-2> M. As the inhibition caused by TATD on Lactobacilli can be partially eliminated by the addition of thiamine, TATD itself seems to compete with thiamine but TATD is unstable, easily giving thiamine on its addition to the broth and therfore exact inhibition index couldn't be calculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
Saburo FUKUI, Nobuko OISHI, Yoshimichi MAEDAArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 380-386
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the action of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide (BTDS), a new thiamine lipotrophic derivative, on yeast. BTDS, in spite of its excellent vitamin activity on animal, exerted an inhibitory action at the early phase of incubation and then only a slight vitamin effect at the latter part of the logarithmic period in the growth experiment, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7753. In the fermentation test for thiamine assay of Schultz et al., BTDS required a longer induction period than most of other new thiamine derivatives for exhibition of the vitamin effect. To elucidate the course of the change of BTDS to thiamine, the forms of thiamine analogues in the supernatant and the yeast cell fractions were studied by paper chromatography after incubation of BTDS with yeast cell for 1 and 5 hours at 30℃. The compounds detected in each fractions were as follows : BTDS, in the supernatant of the incubation mixture ; OBT, in the supernatant and aqueous extract of the cell homogenate ; thiamine, in the aqueous extract, acid extract and pepsin digest of the yeast cell. From these results it will be considered that BTDS is transformed to OBT in the liquid phase and OBT is adsorbed to the surface of the cell wall and absorbed into the inner part of the cell as thiamine after cleavage of the benzoyl group.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 387-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (146K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 388-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 388-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 388-389
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (347K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 389-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (205K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 389-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (205K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 389-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (205K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 389-390
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (349K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 390-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (193K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 390-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (193K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 390-391
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 391-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (198K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 391-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (198K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 391-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (198K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 391-392
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 392-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (195K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 392-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (195K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 392-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (195K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 392-393
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (311K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1962 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 393-
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (163K)
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