VITAMINS

Development of a split luciferase biosensor that dramatically increases light intensity in response to VDR ligands

Hiroki Mano, Shinichi Ikushiro, Masashi Takano, Atsushi Kittaka, Toshi ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 307-313
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_307

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Vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligands, such as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25(OH) ₂D₃) and its analogs regulate the expression of multiple genes that play essential roles in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, cell differentiation, and the immune system via VDR. Many vitamin D analogs have been synthesized and studied for clinical uses in the treatment of various diseases. Previously, we developed the LucC-ligand binding domain (LBD)-LucN biosensor using split-luciferase, which can detect and discriminate between VDR agonists and antagonists in a short time. Our aim is to develop a highly sensitive detection system for 1α,25(OH) ₂D₃ and its analogs in the serum or organs. However, the sensitivity of the developed LucC-LBD-LucN biosensor was not high enough. Therefore, we further developed a novel inter-molecular biosensor designated as LucN-LXXLL+LBD-LucC that showed a high light intensity in response to pM order of 1α,25(OH) ₂D₃. Additionally, we evaluated the binding affinity of the vitamin D analogs for the wild-type and the rickets-associated mutant R274L of VDR using LucN-LXXLL+LBD(WT)-LucC and LucN-LXXLL+LBD(R274L)-LucC biosensor, respectively.

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Association between antioxidant vitamins C and E and dementia/Alzheimer’s disease

Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara, Masahito Yamada

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 314-318
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_314

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Antioxidants like vitamins C and E may minimize the risk for Alzheimer's disease. We conducted a population-based prospective study with Japanese residents aged 65 years and over in Nakajima, Japan. The participants received cognitive function test and underwent blood tests including examination of vitamins C and E concentrations and apolipoprotein E (APOE) phenotypes. Of participants whose cognitive function was determined to be normal at a baseline survey (2007-2008), 349 participants completed the follow up survey between 2014 and 2016. In women with APOE E4, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for the risk of cognitive decline [the onset of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)] in the group of the highest blood vitamin C concentration tertile at baseline was 0.10 (95% CI 0.01-0.93) when compared with the group of the lowest blood vitamin C concentration tertile at baseline. In men without APOE E4, the multivariate OR for the risk of cognitive decline in the group of the highest blood vitamin E concentration tertile at baseline was 0.19 (95% CI 0.05-0.74) when compared with the group of the lowest blood vitamin E concentration tertile at baseline. Our results demonstrated that higher blood vitamin C concentrations were associated with risk reduction of dementia and MCI in women with APOE E4, and that higher blood vitamin E concentration were associated with risk reduction of dementia and MCI in men without APOE E4.

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Clinical efficacy of the reduced form of coenzyme Q₁₀ (ubiquinol)

Kenji Fujii

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 319-323
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_319

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In place of the oxidized form of coenzyme Q₁₀ (ubiquinone), which was used to study coenzyme Q₁₀ for a long period of time, the reduced form of coenzyme Q₁₀ (ubiquinol) which is an biological active form, has been used in clinical studies since the start of its industrial production in 2000s.
Ubiquinol-related diseases are mostly associated with reduced body concentrations of ubiquinol. These diseases are shown to be associated with SNP (a single nucleotide polymorphism) in the ubiquinol biosynthetic genes, and the central nervous system is affected in nearly half of the diseases. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study in patients with Parkinson’s disease, ubiquinol at a dose of 300 mg/day was effective when used in combination with dopamine. In double-blind placebo-controlled studies in healthy individuals, ubiquinol was used at doses of 100 to 150 mg/day. In a study in fatigable healthy individuals, ubiquinol caused reduced fatigue, improved sleepiness, and elevated motivation in the subjects. In healthy individuals with mild seasonal allergy-like symptoms, ubiquinol reduced itchy eyes and nose and improved sleep.
A community-based clinical study evaluating the safety and efficacy of long-term use of ubiquinol demonstrated long-term safety as well as improvement in subjective QOL and cognitive function. It was also suggested that interruption of ubiquinol intake may result in reduced blood concentrations of ubiquinol and subjective QOL.
In conclusion, ubiquinol is suggested to improve various clinical symptoms and, therefore, its clinical application is expected.

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[title in Japanese]

Shiori Fukuda-Tatano, Hironori Yamamoto, Otoki Nakahashi, Ryouhei Yo ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 324-327
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_324

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[title in Japanese]

Chikara Kato, Emiko Kawai, Naoki Shimizu, Tsuyoshi Mikekado, Fumiko Ki ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 328-332
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_328

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The Relationship between Lecithin : Retinol Acyltransferase and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Tumorigenesis

Tomoyuki Motoyama

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 333-335
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_333

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 338-342
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_338

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 343-344
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_343

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 344-345
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_344

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 345-346
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_345

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 346-347
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_346

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 347-
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_347

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JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY Vol 66, No 1（February, 2020）

2020 Volume 94 Issue 5-6 Pages 348-354
Published: June 25, 2020
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.5-6_348

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