VITAMINS

Relationship between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Vitamin E : (I) FREE TOCOPHEROLS

Tokuko TATSUTA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 185-190
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_185

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The biological activities of five kinds of free tocopherol homologues were studied by the hemolysis test using dialuric acid. In vivo test, the activities of d-β-tocopherol, d-γ-tocopherol, d-δ-tocopherol and dl-α-tocotrienol were found to be 20%, 20%, 3% and 10% of that of dl-α-tocopherol, respectively. These results suggested that the decrease of methyl group in the chroman nucleus of tocopherol gave the effect of lower activities, and also that the unsaturation of alkyl side chain at position 2 of chroman nucleus decreased the activity. In vitro test, however, the activities of d-β-, d-γ- and d-δ-tocopherols were nearly equal to that of dl-α-tocopherol, whereas dl-α-tocotrienol was 6 times as active as dl-α-tocopherol. From these different results between in vivo and in vitro test, it was assumed that the lower biological activities of tocopherol homologues as shown in vivo test might not be due to the antioxidant effects but to their lower affinities with tissues. (Received June 16,1971)

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On the Fractional Microdetermination of Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids in Blood.

Masaru TSUJIMURA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 191-195
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_191

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The fractional determination of ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DAsA) and diketogulonic acid (DKG) in blood using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (Hyd) according to Roe was found not to prevent completely the oxidation of AsA to DAsA due to oxyhemoglobin during deproteinization with metaphosphoric acid (HPO_3). For preventing the oxidation of AsA, blood is hemolyzed with 5 volumes of water, saturated with CO after addition of a small amount of octyl alcohol. Aqueous SnCl_2 suspension and HPO_3 solution are added and then mixed. The supernatant fluid after centrifugation is treated with Hyd and determined largely according to Roe in a micro scale. The procedure using 100μl of blood es described in detail. For a macro scale the reagents in 10 to 20-fold volume are used. (Received June 19,1971)

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Biosynthesis of Adenosine 5'-α-glucoside by Aspergillus niger

Yukio SUZUKI, Kei UCHIDA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 196-200
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_196

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It was found that adenosine 5'-α-glucoside was formed from maltose and adenosine by a enzyme preparation partially purified from Aspergillus niger having the riboflavin-α-glucoside-producing activity. (Received July 7,1971)

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Studies on Vitamin B_6 : (I) BEHAVIOR OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED PAL, PALP AND PIN IN THE BODY

Keiichi KOHNO, Isamu DAIRA, Isamu UTSUMI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 201-206
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_201

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Pyridoxal (PAL), pyridoxal-phosphate (PALP) and pyridoxine (PIN) (10 mg/kg) were parenterally administered into rabbit and rat respectively, and the vitamin concentration in the blood and liver were determined by fluorometric procedures. In the case of PAL and PALP administration, the elimination processes in the blood were followed by first order kinetics of two phase, different from that of PIN administration. PIN administration gave lower initial concentrations and longer half lives than the others. Some differences by animal species were observed with regard to the initial concentrations and 4-pyridoxic acid (PiA) Ievels. In the case of subcutaneous injection, both PAL and PALP were much more well incorporated into blood stream than PIN. On the concentrations in the liver, there were no significant differences among PAL, PALP and PIN administration. From these results, characteristics of these 3 species of the vitamin are discussed. (Received July 7,1971)

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Studies on Vitamin B_6 : (II) BEHAVIOR OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED PAL AND PALP IN THE BODY

Kiyoshi HARADA, Keiichi KOHNO, Isamu DAIRA, Isamu UTSUMI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 207-212
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_207

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Changes in the blood and liver B_6 Ievels after oral administration of pyridoxal (PAL) and pyridoxal-phosphate (PALP) (10mg/kg) to rabbit and rat were investigated. It was found that PAL and PALP were well and rapidly absorbed by oral route and appeared in the blood dominantly as 4-pyridoxic acid (PiA) in rabbit and as PAL in rat. Same patterns in the blood elimination process were evidenced in both PAL and PALP administration. Circulation experiments using rat intestine in situ as well as experiments by everted sac in vitro revealed that PAL was absorbed from upper small intestine and by part from stomach and PALP was hydrolysed in the intestine and absorbed as PAL. On the basis of these findings, the feature of bioavai-labilities of PAL and PALP as well as their absorption mechanisms are discussed. (Received July 7,1971)

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1. Hunger and Malnutrition in Georgia, 1969 : 2. The Food Problem in Georgia : 3. The Promises and Problems of the New Foods : 4. The Nutritional Problems of the Aged

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 212-
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_212

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Change of Transketolase Activity of Escherichia coli Related with its Thiamine Content

Kisaburo TAKAHASHI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 213-217
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_213

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The transketolase activity in the wild strains and thiamine-less mutants of E. coli was determined with or without addition of thiamine diphosphate by a slightly modified method of Racker. The relation of the enzyme activities with thiamine content in the cells was investigated after grown by adding different concentrations of thiamine in the medium. 1) While thiamine contents of E. coli W and K12 grown with 10^<-6>M thiamine were 3 times as much as those of the cells grown without thiamine, no change in the amount of total transketolase in the cells was observed. The holo-enzyme estimated without TDP addition of the cells grown without thiamine showed 50-60% of the total enzyme activities. 2) When thiamine-less mutants, KG 33 or WTh- strain was grown with 10^<-6>M thiamine, they showed 19 or 21 fold higher thiamine content respectively than in those grown with minimum concentration of thiamine ( 10^<-8>M) . 3) Holo-transketolase activities in the mutants grown with 10^<-8>M thiamine showed only 5% of the total enzyme, while holo-enzyme in the mutants grown with 10^<-6>M thiamine showed 70-80% of the total enzyme. However, total enzyme activities estimated with addition of TDP had no change in both strains grown with 10-8M thiamine or 10-6M thiamine. 4) These results suggested that the synthesis of transketolase in the wild and mutants strains of E. coli has neither impaired nor induced by cellular thiamine contents. (Received July 7,1971)

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Physiological Significances of Intrinsic Factor on Vitamin B_<12> Absorption in Rats : (II) CONVERSION OF THE SYSTEM FOR VITAMIN B_<12> ADSORPTION TO INTESTINAL MUCOSA HOMOGENATE IN GROWING RATS

Shoji YAMADA, Satoshi HORIO, Shuichi KIMURA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 218-224
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_218

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Adsorption of B_12,with and without gastric mucosa extract (GME), was studied on intestinal mucosa homogenate from rats at various stages of growth. The development of the productive activities of gastric HCI and pepsinogen was also investigated. The intestine from newborn animals showed extremely high adsorption of B_12 in the absence of GME. The GME-independent B_12 adsorption fell rapidly with time, approaching adult levels at about 20 days. Stimulation of B_12 adsorption by adult GME and gastric HCI secretion reached adult levels at about 20 days. On the other hand, intrinsic factor formation and pepsinogen formation did not attain adult levels until about 30 days. The histologic investigations on the gastric gland and ileal villus confirmed above-mentioned experimental results. The intrinsic factor-dependent B_12 absorption became the predominant system at about 30 days after birth. (Received July 8,1971)

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 225-226
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_225

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 226-
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_226_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 226-227
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_226_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 227-228
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_227

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 228-
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_228_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 228-229
Published: October 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.44.4_228_2

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