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Volume 67, Issue 12
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Yasuhiro KURODAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 647-656
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCultured lymphoblastoid cells of a patient with B_1 responsive lactic acidemia were found to show reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E_1) complex and E_1, decreased affinity of E_1 for thiamine pyrophosphate and defective activation of E_1 complex by E_1 phosphatase. A single A to G transition was identified at position 131 of E_<1α>-subunit cDNA, resulting in the substitution of Arg-44 for His-44. This mutation seemed to cause a conformational change of the E_<1α>-subunit, resulting in multiple dysfunctions of E_1 in the patient. In the patients with D-dependent rickets type II, their fibroblasts displayed normal cytosol binding and impaired nuclear uptake of 1,25-dihydroxy D_3. A unique G to A transition at position 140 in exon 3 of the D receptor cDNA, resulting in the substitution of Arg-47 by Gln-47 was revealed. The Arg-47 is located in the DNA-binding domain and is conserved within all steroid hormone receptor. Therefore, it is highly conceivable that this amino acid substitution is responsible for the defect of the D receptor in the patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Fumihiko HORlO, Akira YOSHIDAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 657-665
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe administration of xenobiotics, such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), phenobarbital (PB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and aminopyrine, iduces biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA) in rats, resulting in the increase in urinary excretion of AsA and the accumulation of AsA in various tissues. It is speculated that requirement of AsA in animals unable to synthesize AsA is increased by feeding xenobiotics. AsA is synthesized from D-glucose in liver in rats. We here show the regulatory mechanism on the stimulation of AsA biosynthesis by xenobiotics in rats. We previously demonstrated that hepatic activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) is induced more than 10-fold by the administration of xenobiotics. In this study, two strains of rat mutant, such as Gunn rat and EHBR (Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rat), were used for elucidating the role of UDPGT and β-glucuronidase in AsA biosynthesis. Gunn rat has a hereditary defect in MC-inducible UDPGT. The administration of MC did not stimulate AsA biosynthesis in the Gunn rats, but the administration of PB markedly induced AsA biosynthesis in this mutant. EHBR has an extremely low activity of microsomal β-glucuronidase in liver. The stimulation of AsA biosynthesis by MC or PB was markedly suppressed in EHBR compared with that in normal rats. The data indicate that the stimulation of the expression of UDPGT genes play a key role in the AsA biosynthesis induced by xenobiotics, such as MC and PB.View full abstractDownload PDF (919K) -
Hiroshi TAMAI, Takuya TANABE, Takao MORINOBU, Takuji MURATA, Satoru MI ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 667-674
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe nutritional status of vitamin E was examined by determination of α-tocopherol levels in plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLT), mononuclear cells (MN), and buccal mucosal cells (BMC) in elderly Japanese subjects in an institution at Kyoto, as compared with those in the young adults. Vitamin A status was examined only by plsama levels. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma, RBCs, RLT, and BMC did not differ between elderly and young adults, while those in MN were lower in the elderly. The daily vitamin E intake of the elderly subjects in this institution was below the recommended dietary allowance for the Japanese population. The vitamin A status did not differ between elderly and young adults on the basis of the plasma retinol levels. The daily intake of retinol (as retinol equivalent) by the elderly subjects was also lower than the recommendation. After single administration of a multi-vitamin preparation, tocopherol levels were increased in PLT, MN, and BMC in both elderly and young subjects. Plasma α-tocopherol and retinol levels in elderly rather decreased after administration.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Yoshinori ITOKAWA, Mieko KIMURA, Kohsuke NISHINO, Satoru MIYATA, Makot ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 675-679
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTo clarify the nutritional status of thiamin and riboflavin status in elderly, dietary survey and blood test concerning thiamin and riboflavin were carried out on 19 elderly patients admitted in a hospital for long term and 20 young healthy adults (control). Dietary intake of thiamin and riboflavin were significantly lower in the elderly subjects as compared to the young adults. It was assumed that 14 elderly and 10 young subjects were in the state of latent thiamin deficiency based on the blood thiamin levels less than 40 ng/ml. Administration of multivitamin tablets containing 10 mg of TTFD (thiamin tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and 7 mg of riboflavin diminished the number of latent thiamin deficient subjects to 9 for elderly and 2 for young adults. Erythrocyte transketolase activities increased and TPP effects decreased in both groups after administration of the multivitamin tablets. On the other hand, no latent riboflavin deficiency was observed in both groups. Although no significant change was observed on blood riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activities and FAD effect in both elderly and young subjects, these values improved significantly after administration of the multivitamin tablets.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Keiko TAZUYA, Chie AZUMI, Kazuko YAMADA, Hiroshi KUMAOKAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 681-688
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe C-1, C-2 and C-3 of ribose and N-1, C-2 and N-3 of histidine imidazole ring are precursors of the C-6, C-5 and C-5' and N-3, C-4 and amino-N attached to C-4 of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. The C-5, C-4, and side chain carbons of histidine are derived from ribose. The possibility that the C-1, C-2 and C-3 of ribose are incorporated into the pyrimidine via C-5, C-4 and side chain, β carbon of histidine remains to be elucidate. The distribution of radioactivity of the pyrimidines labeled with L-[U-^<14>C] histidine and L-[2-^<14>C] histidine revealed that C-2 of histidine is incorporated into the pyrimidine and the other carbons are not incorporated. It has been reported that formate is incorporated into C-4 of the pyrimidine. However, Grue-Sφrensen et al. reported that formate is incorporated into the C-r and C-2 of the pyrimidine and they supposed the two routes, the major and the minor, for the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine. The tracer experiment with [^<13>C] formate and the inhibition by L-histidine of the incorporation of [^<13>C] formate and following GC-MS analysis revealed that formate is incorporated into C-4 of the pyrimidine via C-2 of histidine and is not incorporated into C-2. The ^<15>NH_4Cl added to the medium was incorporated effectively into N-3 and amino-N of the pyrimidine in the presence of pyridoxine. Addition of histidinol or histidine to the medium decreased the incorporation of N^<15> into the pyrimidine. However, inhibition of ^<15>N incorporation into the pyrimidine by histidinol was low compared with that of histidine. These results strongly suggest that the direct precursor of N-3, C-4 and amino-N atom of pyrimidine is histidine.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 689-690
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (311K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 690-691
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (316K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 691-
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (185K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 691-692
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (331K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 692-693
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (334K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 693-694
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (213K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 695-696
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (312K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 696-697
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (313K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 697-
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (177K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 698-
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (179K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 698-699
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 699-700
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (301K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 700-
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (177K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 700-701
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (230K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 703-705
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (376K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 705-707
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (328K)
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