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Mami Hiraoka
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
425-429
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Folate, and B vitamins, i.e. vitamin B_<12>, vitamin B_6 and vitamin B_2 are cofactors in the folate cycles and homocysteine metabolism, and inadequate status of these vitamins is associated with higher plasma homocysteine concentrations, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cognitive impairment. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism can also affect plasma homocysteine level and is a genetic risk factor of those diseases and neural tube defects (NTDs). Individuals with the homozygous mutant (TT) genotype have a significantly higher homocysteine levels and lower folate levels in blood than those with the CC and CT genotypes. Plasma homocysteine level is responsive to intervention with folic acid and related B vitamins. Thus, high intakes of folate and B vitamins may be associated with a reduced risk of CVD, NTDs and cognitive impairment. The present review focuses on the gene-nutrient interaction, which is involved in the folate cycles and homocysteine metabolism, in the prevention of CVD, NTDs and cognitive impairment.
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Yuri Tanioka
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
430-434
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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The transport of vitamin B_<12> (B_<12>) from food to cells depends on three B_<12>-binding proteins in mammals, haptcorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF), and transcobalamin II (TC II). The serum protein, TC II, transports B_<12> from the ileum to the tissue. The B_<12>-TC II complex (holoTC II) is then taken up into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. To date, at least 20 polymorphisms in the gene encoding TC II have been identified. Recently, the potential influence of TC II polymorphisms on serum holoTC II, serum B_<12>, methyl maronic acid (MMA), and total homocysteine (tHcy) status has been reported. This article summarizes the relationship between TC II polymorphisms and B_<12>-related markers, races, diseases, and structural changes in the protein.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
434-
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Naoko Tsugawa
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
435-439
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Vitamin K is a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) which is responsible for converting specific glutamyl residues to γ-carboxyglutamyl residues in a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP). Both of vitamin K and GGCX are essential for activation of VKDP, such as clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, or osteocalcin which is a bone-related protein. Therefore, there is a possibility that the GGCX polymorphisms would affect activation of blood coagulation or bone formation. Specifically, the influence of rs699664 (Arg325Gln) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 8 and rs10654848 microsatellite in intron 6 on activation of clotting factors or bone metabolism have been reported frequently. Also, there are data that GGCX variants influence the dose requirement of warfarin in the general population. In this report, I would like to review about the kinds of GGCX polymorphism, and its effects on vitamin K action.
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Tomono Uchida
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
440-443
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) catalyzes the reduction of vitamin K epoxide to vitamin K, which is inhibited by warfarin, a potent anticoagulant. Variants in VKOR complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene (+1173 C>T and -1639 G>A) are associated with warfarin sensitivity. Frequency of these polymorphisms is higher in Japanese and Chinese than in Caucasians, suggesting racial differences of warfarin sensitivity. In addition, genetic polymorphism of VKORC1 is a risk factor for vascular diseases, vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes, and thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Ayami Sato, Miki Sekine, Masako Ota, Tomohiro Yano
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
444-445
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Keita Takahashi, Akihito Ishigami
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
446-449
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Masahiro Ogawa, Naoki Harada, Ryoichi Yamaji
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
450-453
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Mariko Shin
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
454-457
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
458-459
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
459-460
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
460-461
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
461-462
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
462-463
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
463-464
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
464-465
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
466-467
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
467-
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Giriwono Puspo Edi, [in J ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
467-468
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
468-469
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
469-470
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
470-
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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Article type: Bibliography
2013 Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages
471-476
Published: August 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
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