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Volume 95, Issue 5-6
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Yuji Yamamoto, Yu Matsumoto, Tsukasa Suzuki, Jun Inoue2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 257-265
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSVitamin A (retinol), which is also known as the retinoid, is one of fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin A is required not only for the visual cycle but also for normal cell development and metabolism. Retinol is oxidatively metabolized to retinal and retinoic acid. Retinal is required for the visual cycle and retinoic acid regulates the expression of specific genes. In each case, the metabolism of vitamin A is regulated by specific proteins which are required for the function expression of vitamin A metabolites. To understand the regulatory mechanism of these vitamin A-mediated physiological actions, therefore, not only the concentration of vitamin A metabolites but also the behavior of specific proteins related to vitamin A such as enzymes, transport proteins, and nuclear receptors should be evaluated. This evaluation makes it possible to understand the complex reactions of vitamin A in vivo from the fluctuations of these proteins.
In this comprehensive paper, we have shown both how these binding proteins regulate the action of vitamin A and a possibility that nutritional status affects retinol metabolism and actions by altering the expression of proteins related to vitamin A metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
Satoshi Haga2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 266-274
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious threat to the prevention of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and so on. ‘One Health’ is an approach to designing and implementing programs, policies, and research in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes. In animal production, some of important AMR in human medicine are often detected in livestock. Therefore, it is important to use antimicrobials carefully in livestock. However, opportunistic infections are caused by increasing of stress and immune function disorder occurs often and these events could result in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in calves and peripartum disorders in dairy cows. Vital measures for these disease and disorder may be reducing stress, enhancing stress tolerance, and regulating the immune function by use of functional nutrients. In this report, we focused on the functions of α-tocopherol (α-Toc) in cattle. Namely, we investigated the expression of α-Toc-associated genes, the tissue accumulation ofα-Toc, and the effects of α-Toc supplementation on the stress response and the peripheral and respiratory immune functions in cattle. We try to discuss the prevention of the disorders in cattle from a standpoint of the nutritional and physiological research.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
Tomokazu Ito2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 275-279
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe YggS/PROSC(COG0325) protein is a highly conserved pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein that plays an important role in the homeostasis of vitamin B6 and amino acids. The deletion or mutation of this protein causes a wide variety of pleiotropic effects in many organisms and vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy in animals including humans. In E. coli, the mutation of this protein (yggS mutation) caused diverse phenotypes including perturbation of Thr/Ile/Val metabolism, a decrease of CoA levels, homoserine sensitivity, pyridoxine sensitivity, and/or synthetic lethality with glyA encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Little was known about the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of the diverse phenotypes observed in the deficiency of the YggS/PROSC protein. We have found that the mutation of this protein induces the accumulation of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) in various organisms and have provided evidence that many of the phenotypes observed in the yggS-deficient E. coli are caused by the elevated PNP level in the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (964K) -
Ichiro Kaneko, Minori Uga, Yuji Shiozaki, Ken-ichi Miyamoto, Hiroko Se ...2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 280-285
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSInorganic phosphate (Pi) plays essential roles in many biological processes. Blood Pi level should be maintained at a constant range because hypophosphatemia causes rickets/osteomalacia, whereas hyperphosphatemia causes cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or hemodialysis patients. As a phosphaturic hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 strongly suppresses Pi reabsorption. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D［1,25(OH) 2D］ up-regulates Pi absorption in intestines, and regulates urinary Pi excretion through PTH or FGF23.
Activated FGF23 signal leads urinary Pi excretion, and hypophosphatemic rickets (FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets). Rickets characterized as vitamin D deficiency also associates with impaired renal Pi reabsorption in juvenile stage in addition to low Pi absorption in intestines. Now, burosumab (FGF23 neutralizing antibody) has a beneficent effect on FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. The antibody increases renal Pi reabsorption and 1,25(OH) 2D production. On the other hand, treatment with vitamin D alone in an animal model of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets can potentially increase renal Pi reabsorption, despite of excess FGF23, and improve hypophosphatemia and bone phenotypes.
CKD patients often accompany with mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) such as hyperparathyroidism, cardiovascular calcification, and osteodystrophy. Prevention and treatment for hyperphosphatemia or hypovitaminosis D would improve their QOL or mortality.
Thus, renal Pi reabsorption is important for bone and mineral homeostasis. We focus on the metabolism of Pi and vitamin D to understand the molecular mechanism for the onset and prevention of diseases associated with Pi and vitamin D.View full abstractDownload PDF (1216K) -
Yumi Arahori, Naoki Harada, Ryoichi Yamaji2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 286-289
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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Yuta Doshida, Akihito Ishigami2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 290-293
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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Kanako Suzuki, Kazuya Yoshimura2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 294-297
Published: June 25, 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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Yoko Fujiwara, Ikuyo Ichi, [in Japanese]2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 298-299
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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Saiko Ikeda2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 299-
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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Kiyoshi Tanaka, Akiko Kuwabara, Naoko Tsugawa2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 299-300
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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[in Japanese], Yoshihiro Mezaki, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Jap ...2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 300-301
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 302-
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
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2021 Volume 95 Issue 5-6 Pages 303-307
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (836K)
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