巻号一覧
53 巻, 5 号
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カラーアトラス
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上出 洋介2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 278-279
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1074K)
臨床
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内水 浩貴, 山本 耕司, 森山 寛2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 280-286
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリー成人発症の滲出性中耳炎と乳突蜂巣発育度との関係においては報告によって様々であり, 統一した見解が得られていない。今回我々は成人発症の滲出性中耳炎患者66例81耳を対象に, 乳突蜂巣発育度が滲出性中耳炎の発症と初期治療経過に及ぼす影響について検討した。蜂巣発育度は矩形面積法を用いて評価した。
保存療法による改善率は, 50歳未満の若年層では50歳以上の高齢層に比べて改善率は低い傾向を示し, 若年層と高齢層では滲出性中耳炎の性質が異なる可能性が示唆された。若年層では乳突蜂巣の発育不良は発症および遷延化のリスクファクターであり, 小児滲出性中耳炎の特徴に類似していた。一方, 高齢層では乳突蜂巣の発育不良は発症におけるリスクファクターである可能性が示唆されたが, 遷延化の因子ではなく, 遷延化にはその他の要素が関わっていると考えられた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (538K) -
近藤 貴仁, 小川 恭生, 大塚 康司, 稲垣 太郎, 清水 重敬, 鈴木 衞2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 287-292
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーめまいの原因として, 起立性調節障害が病態の背景となっていることがある。今回我々は, 2009年11月から2010年5月までに当科めまい外来にて精査を行い中枢疾患や内耳末梢性疾患が否定された症例の中で, 大国の分類にて起立性調節障害と診断され, 苓桂朮甘湯を使用した31症例の臨床経過について検討した。苓桂朮甘湯投与前, 投与2週間後, 投与4週間後に, 自覚症状の評価としてVisual analogue scaleを, 他覚所見の評価としてシェロングテストを用いて評価した。Visual analogue scaleでは, 投与前平均は51.5, 投与2週間後平均は39.5, 投与4週間後平均は27.9と, 時間の経過とともにスコアの改善がみられ, Visual analogue scaleによる自覚症状の評価では苓桂朮甘湯の有効性が示唆された。シェロングテストでは, 2週間後では陽性症例数は減少したが2週間後以降は改善がなく, 逆に投与前にシェロングテスト陰性であった症例において経過中陽性になる項目があった。投与前のシェロングテストの結果別にVisual analogue scaleの結果を検討し, 投与2週間後では統計学的有意差をもって治療前シェロングテスト陽性群でVisual analogue scaleの改善率が良好であった (p=0.0027)。性別と40歳未満と40歳以上に分けた年齢別にVisual analogue scaleとシェロングテストの結果を検討した。投与2週間後では, 統計学的有意差をもって男性症例 (p=0.0152), 40歳以上の症例 (p=0.0318) でVisual analogue scaleの改善率が良好であった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
吉田 拓人, 小島 純也, 森 恵莉, 中山 次久, 大櫛 哲史, 飯村 慈朗, 浅香 大也, 和田 弘太, 重田 泰史, 松脇 由典, 吉 ...2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 293-299
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリー慢性副鼻腔炎は, 鼻閉・鼻漏・後鼻漏・嗅覚障害といった症状を主体とし, 各種症状のため, 日常生活において様々な不快を感ずることの多い疾患である。
これまで手術加療, 特に内視鏡下鼻副鼻腔手術後の自覚症状とQOLに関した報告は少ないため, 1年間に当教室関連病院4施設で, 内視鏡下鼻副鼻腔手術を行った慢性副鼻腔炎患者を対象に検討を行った。副鼻腔炎症状に関する自覚症状やQOLに関して, アンケート形式で術前, 術後1～3ヵ月 (術後早期), 術後6～18ヵ月 (術後晩期) の3時期に患者に質問を行い, 統計処理を行った。検討の結果, 慢性副鼻腔炎患者全般において自覚症状改善, QOL改善が術後早期, 術後晩期において多項目で有意差をもった改善が認められた。今回の検討によって慢性副鼻腔炎に対しての内視鏡下鼻副鼻腔手術の有用性が確認された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (584K)
境界領域
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松脇 由典, 大村 和弘, 森 良介, 常喜 達裕, 石田 勝大, 森山 寛2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 300-310
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2601K)
画像診断
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尾尻 博也2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 311-312
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (307K)
薬剤の特徴と注意点
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北村 正樹2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 313-314
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (585K)
学会関係【第11回 耳鼻咽喉科手術支援システム・ナビ研究会】
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吉崎 智一2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 318
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (254K) -
中丸 裕爾, 飯塚 さとし, 高木 大, 福田 諭2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 319-320
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーA surgery for the frontal sinus mucocele is one of the most difficult operations among endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), because of the high incidence of the recurrence. The Frontal trephination is originally developed to point out nasofrontal duct during ESS. We used the frontal trephination to treat the frontal sinus mucocele. The instrument enabled to clean up nasofrontal duct after surgery and to keep patency of the duct.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (491K) -
月舘 利治, 小泉 さおり, 春名 眞一, 小澤 仁2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 321-323
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe postoperative care after endoscopic sinus surgery is very important, and it is above all important to remove crusts using endoscopes. ENF-Y0002 [Short endoscope (Semi-rigid type)], the electronic fiberscope which is under development by Olympus Corporation, has characters of both rigid and flexible endoscope. We used it for observation and treatment after endoscopic sinus surgery and we examined the usefulness and reported refinements.
Although there is still room for the development, a possibility to become the useful instrument for the postoperative care is suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (759K) -
長谷川 昌宏, 平塚 宗久, 山下 懐, 鈴木 幹男2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 323-327
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, efficacy of forceps type bipolar coagulator and vessel clip forceps in the endoscopic nasal surgery was compared with the conventional bipolar coagulator and disposable vessel clip. The forceps type bipolar coagulator was very useful for coagulating a small area, especially cranial base and lateral side of paranasal sinuses, and could keep the clear endoscopic view with aspiration of bleeding and the mist due to coagulation itself. However, the conventional bipolar coagulator was more effective in case of massive coagulation and bleeding from middle portion in nasal cavity than the forceps type bipolar coagulator. The vessel clip forceps was easy to use in the nasal cavity and could sufficiently clip the sphenopalatine artery. Moreover, the cost for clip is also cheaper than the disposable vessel clip.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (975K) -
山田 奏子, 志賀 英明, 山本 純平, 三輪 高喜2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 327-330
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーEndoscopic frontal sinus surgery has technical difficult. We used mini-trephine® system for the case of those were difficult of frontal sinus opening. We have experienced a case of recurrent frontal sinusitis treated with mini-trephine®. This system was valuable and safe to find the nasofrontal duct surely.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1015K) -
原 浩貴, 福田 裕次郎, 山下 裕司2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 330-334
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーContact endoscopy is a noninvasive tool that allows in vivo and in situ examination of superficial mucosa. Its use for early diagnosis of cancerous lesions of the larynx has not been evaluated very well. In the present study, comparison of contact endoscopy with paraffin section histopathology was performed in 12 patients with laryngeal tumor and 2 patients with vocal fold polyp.
The result showed that contact endoscopy provides information on microscopic diagnosis and laryngeal lesion margins, and enables visualization of the laryngeal mucosa microvasculature. Also, the contact endoscopic findings of superficial cells of the mucosa stained with methylene blue were accurate compared to the paraffin section histopathology, except the tumor with hyperkeratosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1418K) -
長谷川 賢作, 國本 泰臣, 矢間 敬章, 陶山 淑子, 中山 敏, 北野 博也2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 334-339
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe objectives of this report were to compare clinical course and therapeutic processes in cases of postoperative facial palsy. Case 1 complained of right-side hearing loss and otorrhea caused by middle ear cholesteatoma. This case was diagnosed as delayed facial palsy (DFP) after middle ear surgery and conservative therapy was conducted. In this case, facial palsy occurred suddenly and recovered from H-B grade 5 to grade 2 by 6 months postoperatively. Case 2 involved incidental detection of petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC), classified as supralabyrinthine cholesteatoma by Sanna and as supralabyrinthine apical cholesteatoma by Moffat-Smith. Postoperative facial weakness gradually increased within 1 month, reaching H-B grade 5 by 6 months postoperatively. And granulation tissue revealed on MRI was coincident with facial palsy.
In this case, conservative therapies proved ineffective and revision surgery was selected. This case was managed with a cable graft using the great auricular nerve.
We experienced such rare facial palsy and reaffirmed the significance of intraoperative neuro-monitering.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1360K) -
宮崎 日出海, 中冨 浩文, 森山 寛2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 339-341
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーWe developed the electrodes of intraoperative continuous facial electromyography, and of newly invented continuous cochlear nucleus action potentials for postoperative facial and hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. 62 consecutive patients underwent retrosigmoid acoustic neuroma surgery during 2007∼2008. Overall excellent facial nerve function (HB 1-2) was maintained in 59 out of 62 patients (95%). Meanwhile overall hearing was preserved in 53 out of 62 patients (85%).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (768K) -
橋本 誠, 御厨 剛史, 岡崎 吉紘, 藤井 博則, 竹野 研二, 菅原 一真, 山下 裕司2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 341-343
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーA 77-year-old woman had infratemporal fossa abscess. We approached from the nose under the endoscopy assisted by navigation system, and drained the abscess successfully. An approach by transnasal endoscopy with navigation may be a useful way for minimum invasive surgery in the infratemporal fossa.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (898K) -
小森 正博2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 343-346
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe main office based 3D-CTs, the Accuitomo, CB Throne, CB MercuRay and xCAT ENT, were reviewed in the eight ones manufactured by the six companies in the world: are of floor for place, resolution, Field of view, etc.. Of the four, the accuitomo was used in our office. To obtain clear view of stapes, reconstructions were repeated in two steps.
First step: on the coronal image, the slope of the stapes was turned from oblique to horizontal.
Second step: on the axial image, the slope of the stapes was turned from oblique to horizontal. Then the crura of the sapes were displayed on the sagittal image. In the same way, two cases (i.e. stapes fixation and deficit of superstructure of stapes) were presented. Multi-Slice CT (MSCT) blurs fine and minute bony structures. Artifacts due to implanted metal reduce the diagnostic accuracy based on MSCT. To eliminate such shortcomings of MSCT, a high resolution cone beam CT (CBCT) scanner with a flat panel detector, named Accuitomo, has been developed. The Accuitomo can provide detailed and clear images of stapes in the temporal bone.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1039K) -
小川 洋, 今泉 光雅, 松井 隆道, 野本 幸男, 大森 孝一2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 347-349
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーImage evaluation by computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone region has great advantages for clinical diagnosis. At present, high resolution CT (HRCT) is indispensable to the clinical diagnosis of temporal bone-related disorders. Recently, however, multi-detector CT (MDCT) has allowed the imaging and identification of more detailed pathological changes. In this study, we evaluated the temporal bone region with a diagnostic imaging device, cone-beam CT (CBCT), which offers images with higher resolution than those from MDCT. Herein, we assess pathological changes in the temporal bone trauma using this equipment and report on it's utility. The images obtained using this CBCT system were of great value in the diagnosis of temporal bone traumatic diseases and were useful for the visualization of minute configurations, which can then be used in the planning of surgical intervention.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1372K) -
菊地 俊晶, 大島 猛史, 小林 俊光2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 349-352
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe pET symptoms are tended to be masked in the recumbent position. CT for pET should be examined in the sitting position. CT was performed under the resting and Valsalva's condition. Completely open ET was observed in 79.2% of the pET group (n=111), but in none of the control group (n=30). The average ET-gram showed an occlusive zone (OZ) in medial to the isthmus under both conditions in only control group. Trans-tympanic silicone plug insertion was thought to be reasonable technique because of obliteration approach to isthmus. Office-based CT examined in the sitting position is useful for diagnosis and evaluation of pET.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1156K) -
伊藤 壽一, 中川 隆之2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 352-355
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーIt is very difficult to master surgical skills of otomicrosurgery and endoscopic sinus surgery because of the anatomical complex. There are several ways to get surgical skills before involving real surgery especially for young surgeons.
This paper intends to introduce the concept of surgical dissection in the field of nasal surgery using human cadaver and point out some problems using human cadaver. Also future surgical training systems such as computer simulated surgical training system are described. Furthermore 3D-CT images obtained by Office-Based 3D-CT is useful for understanding surgical anatomy. Prediction by Office-Based 3D-CT images and cadaver dissection is highly educative and surgical planning using Office-Based 3D-CT may contribute to safe and efficient outcomes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1185K) -
伊藤 真人2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 356-359
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーObjective: Resistant strains of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are one of the principal causes of recurrent acute otitis media (otitis prone), rhinosinusitis, and pneumonia in young children. β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains are particularly common in Japan, and β-lactamase-producing amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant (BLPACR) strains are now emerging. We investigated the nasopharyngeal carriage status of these resistant strains among children attending a same day care center during a 10-year period.
Methods: From 1999 to 2008, we obtained nasopharyngeal swab specimens from young children attending a same day care center and examined the incidence of resistant strains of NTHi. Antimicrobial resistance of NTHi was identified based on PCR analysis of mutation of the penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to examine the clonal relationship of each resistant strain.
Results: The prevalence of resistant strains of NTHi among the children attending this day care has significantly increased during the past 10 years and most of this day care children recently have resistant strains with PBP gene mutations in their nasopharynx. Genetically BLPACR (gBLPACR) strains have rapidly increased since 2007 and PFGE analysis demonstrated that all gBLPACR were clonally identical. This is the first report of apparent clonal dissemination of gBLPACR strains of NTHi occurring in a certain environment such as day care.
Conclusions: The rapidly increasing prevalence of resistant strains, in particular gBLPACR, in this day care center may predict a high incidence of these resistant bacteria from clinical isolates in the near future and potential serious medical problems worldwide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1389K) -
松本 有, 片岡 一則2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 360-367
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe use of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery systems (DDS) is attractive for advanced treatment for cancer and genetic diseases. Polymeric micelles, self-assemblies of block copolymers, are promising nanocarrier systems for drug and gene delivery. Our recent efforts on the design and preparation of super-functionalized nanodevices are highlighted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1271K) -
金泉 秀典2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 367
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (820K) -
山下 樹里2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 367_1-370
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーObjective: To develop a surgical navigation map made of silicone rubber sheet for use in the nasal cavity.
Method: A print-out of a life-sized sagittal CT sectional image showing the outline of the nasal septum of one side of the nasal cavity was produced. Then, an outline (L1) was drawn of the nasal septum (lower nostril-bottom of the nasal cavity-anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus-skull base-upper nostril). Important targets were marked, such as a line (L2) between the entry point on the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus (P1) and the upper nostril. A piece of a silicone rubber sheet (KOKEN CO. Ltd., Japan, 0.5 mm thick) was cut out following L1, and the marked targets were copied on by punching small holes of different shapes through the silicone sheet.
After septoplasty, the sterilized piece of silicone sheet was placed into the nasal cavity and fitted to the curves of the bottom of nasal cavity to the nostril along the reconstructed nasal septum. The punched holes provided the positions or the directions of landmarks when performing endoscopy.
Results: More than 200 cases requiring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) have been operated on without any complications. Pre-operative preparation took about 20 minutes, and several minutes were required to insert and position the silicone sheet during the operation. Once the silicone sheet was fitted, the punched holoes showing landmarks were easily located by endoscopy. Positional errors were small enough to perform ESS and were no more than 2 mm.
Discussion: Because it is a projection map onto the nasal septum, accuracy is good in the sagittal plane. The silicone sheet works as a navigation aid for such targets that can be well located in the sagittal plane.
Conclusions: The surgical navigation map is easy to use without expensive equipment or an extra monitor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1099K) -
藤坂 実千郎, 将積 日出夫, 秋山 貴昭, 阿部 秀晴, 渡辺 行雄2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 370-372
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーWe described a case report that iPlan (Brain LAB) was very useful for the operation of post operative multiple maxillary cyst. iPlan is a software of Vector Vision. This software converts DICOM data of CT or MRI images to the original data for Vector Vision. iPlan has many useful functions. Object creation is one of them. It can make several objects that mean multiple lesion such as maxillary cysts. This function helps surgeons with their operation which is difficult to identify multiple cysts. We can fully realize the lesion of size, location and number when we use this function.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1294K) -
惠藤 信一郎2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 373-376
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーDuring the year 2009, our navigation system offers various products upgrades for our platform and application. The single modality, Kolibri and the multiple modality system VectorVision (VVflex/compact/VV/Sky) have now access to both application “Essential” and “Unlimited”. As a result of these upgrades, our application ensures the superior performances and expectations of each individual surgeon.
BrainLAB is committed to providing truly innovative software that will leverage surgeon's skills, providing patients with consistently better process of treatment. We will continue to dedicate a development of our navigation system, and try to increase the efficiency of our navigation system throughout Japan.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1132K) -
平松 真理子, 藤本 保志, 中島 務, 長縄 慎二2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 376
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (789K) -
馬場 一泰, 村田 英之, 朝子 幹也, 友田 幸一2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 376_1-379
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーBecause the evaluation of utility of the navigation surgery changes depending on the skill of surgeon and the anatomical individuals, the evaluation by the high levels of evidence is not obtained easily. We examined past documents and result of the questionnaire, study and tried the arrangement of the content like accuracy, clinical utility, the adjustment, coexisting illness, the education, and the problem.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (848K) -
山本 清二, 峯田 周幸2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 379-383
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーWe have developed a new navigator using white light 3D scanner. It is completely frameless and markerless, it features semi-automatic registration without direct contact with patients, and it updates registration and tracking information when patients move. Our other modified system provides information about navigation by indicating the location of the center in an endoscopic view.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1193K) -
友田 幸一, 村田 英之, 朝子 幹也, 馬場 一泰, 福井 英人2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 383-385
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーEven if the same disease and surgical method, an indication of the navigation surgery will be changed by the reason of the clinical condition of the patient, feature of the lesion, an anatomical individuality, the ability of the surgeon's skill and the experiences. This time, we inspected what kind of scene navigation was required by the different levels of surgeon. Through this experiment, we have an impression that the understanding of the clinical anatomy when we used navigation system together is becoming faster and more precise. Finally, We want to do a new proposal about need and indication of the navigation surgery.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (963K) -
福井 英人, 大岡 久司, 竹村 博一, 鈴木 健介, 井上 俊哉, 友田 幸一2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 386-388
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーThe navigation system makes to a necessary, indispensable for the safe, accurate operation by neurosurgery, the otolaryngology, the orthopedics, and the dental surgery, etc. and the adaptation. In the otolaryngology area, the navigation surgery has increased the occasion to use it for not only the rhinology operation but also the otology operation and the head and neck surgery. However, it is used in the vicinity of the bone organization such as the eye socket, the skull bases, and the side of the head bones in most operation.
This time, we groped for the utilization of the navigation system in the neck operation. The osseous tissue is only a cervical vertebra in the neck operation, and it is impossible to use the cervical vertebra for the registration. The position of the head retroflexion during operation is different from the location of CT for registration, so these might produce the gap of the navigation. Furthermore, a head of the patient and body part moves by operation. The introduction of intraoperative CT, fixing of a head and the body part and an upgrade of software are important for these problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (925K) -
小賀野 尚美2010 年 53 巻 5 号 p. 388-390
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2011/10/15
ジャーナル フリーWe present navigation methods and Medtronic products in the otorhinolaryngological area and describe innovation in registration and future development.
As a member of Medtronic Group, our company has been selling surgical navigation systems StealthStation TREON and TRIA. And one of the group divisions Medtronic Japan ENT Business, with lineup including drills for rhinological surgery and those for otological surgery which can be easily connected to the navigation systems, is aiming at providing total support to otorhinolaryngological surgery as the Medtronic group.
For navigation, there are basic registration methods: point registration using the markers; and surface registration in which registration precision is enhanced by registering surface points to effect surface alignment. In addition, we propose a method to complete registration more easily and in shorter time by the use of TRACER registration that acquires hundreds of points in a short time simply by tracing with the probe.
As future development, we are carrying forward to introduce magnetic-field-based navigation system that may solve the problems of instrument size and spacial limitation.
We will continue to pursue further user-oriented products through improving systems and propose new special instruments and integration with peripheral devices.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1149K)
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