IEICE Electronics Express
Online ISSN : 1349-2543
ISSN-L : 1349-2543
Volume 10, Issue 12
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
REVIEW PAPER
  • Masaya Notomi, Kengo Nozaki, Akihiko Shinya, Shinji Matsuo, Eiichi Kur ...
    Article type: REVIEW PAPER
    Subject area: Fiber optics, Microwave photonics, Optical interconnection, Photonic signal processing, Photonic integration and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20132003
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This review article shows that the photonic-crystal nanocavity technology has enabled various nanophotonic devices, including all-optical switches, all-optical memories, electro-optic modulators, and lasers, which can operate with extremely-small consumption energy, owing to their very tight light confinement. These wavelength-scale largely-integrable low-power photonic devices are promising for realizing a dense photonic network in a processor chip, which will enable high-performance information processing with small consumption power and reduced heat generation.
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  • Tadashi Kawai, Isao Ohta, Akira Enokihara
    Article type: REVIEW PAPER
    Subject area: Microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20132004
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper considers band-broadening design methods for branch-line and rat-race hybrids such as 90- and 180-degree hybrids. For the 90-degree hybrid, utilizing external matching networks composed of coupled-transmission lines, broadband characteristics with a relative bandwidth of over 40% can be obtained for a 3dB hybrid designed for operation at 3GHz based on the equivalent admittance approach. For the 180-degree hybrid, a rat-race hybrid in which right-handed transmission lines are replaced with composite right-/left-handed transmission lines also realizes broadband characteristics. The validity of these design procedures has been demonstrated by electromagnetic simulations and experiments.
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LETTER
  • Hirokazu Kubota, Manabu Oguma, Hidehiko Takara
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Fiber optics, Microwave photonics, Optical interconnection, Photonic signal processing, Photonic integration and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130205
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We demonstrate an optical three-mode multi/demultiplexing experiment without MIMO signal processing using two PLC mode multiplexers and a 10m rectangular core fiber. 3×10Gbps NRZ signals were transmitted in the fiber with a 1dB OSNR penalty.
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  • Christophe Van Praet, Guy Torfs, Arno Vyncke, Elena Matei, Paul Cauter ...
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130206
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This letter proposes a fast parallel and deeply pipelined architecture for realtime H.264 intra 4×4 prediction capable of handling up to 32 High Definition video streams (1920×1080 @ 30fps) simultaneously, while offering high flexibility and consuming only a fraction of resources available on modern FPGA’s. The design has been validated on target using a state of the art Altera Stratix IV FPGA.
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  • Jongsik Kim, Hyunchol Shin
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130235
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 04, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A MICS band CMOS RF transmitter is presented for implantable cardioverter telemtry system. Current-reuse and gain boosting techniques are employed for reducing the current consumption as well as improving the output power. Fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS, the transmitter dissipates 9.3mW from a 1.8-V supply. Measurement shows that the gain boosting capability increases the output power by 1.3-5.5dB, while the image and LO suppression is unaffected. The proposed approach can be effective for a low-power RF transmitter design in implantable telemetry devices.
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  • R. Sakthivel, Harish M Kittur
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130252
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 29, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This work aims for providing low power, high performance receiver architecture for MC-CDMA receiver. We provide a dynamically reconfigurable FFT architecture to switchover from 64 points to 16 points based on the channel parameters(i.e.)delay spread, which otherwise would have been designed for the worst case FFT length which are our potential source of power reduction. Clock gating with FFT point reconfigurability technique is used to switchover from low length to high length FFT or vice versa. This work explores different possible ways of power reduction in the major internal blocks of FFT based on the data dependency. The simulation results are compared in terms of power dissipation, area and performance with the existing system. Results show that we could achieve a overall power reduction of more than 50% and improvement in the performance to about 24% with slight increase in area of 4.13%. The proposed architecture is modeled using Verilog HDL, simulated using NCLaunch of Cadence and synthesized with TSMC 180nm and also with 45nm Technology.
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  • Guoqiang Zhang, Abhay Kochhar, Keiji Yoshida, Shuji Tanaka, Kenya Hash ...
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130296
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 28, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this letter, we propose the methods to mitigate low frequency instability in a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) based cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (FBAR-VCO). The first method employs a capacitor and while the other one employs a series inductor-capacitor. Using the post-layout simulation, a comparative study of the performances such as phase noise and figure of merit (FOM) of the designed FBAR-VCO is carried out. It is found that both the methods inhibit the low frequency instability successfully and the additional advantage of the second method is 2dB improvement of FOM. Compared to other published FBAR-VCOs, this work has very low phase noise, below -150dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency, and much better FOM below -210dB.
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  • Hironao Okada, Toshihiro Itoh
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130308
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 10, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new battery-less wireless current sensor node which transmits data using the power charged in a chip capacitor with a current transformer (CT). Since the charging time depends on the current flowing through a power line, the current value can be known by measuring the transmission interval if the node transmits data every time when the power is charged enough to the transmission. In this node, because analog to digital (AD) conversion is not needed, a simple circuit without a rechargeable battery can be realized.
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  • Luigi Boccia, Giandomenico Amendola, Giovanni Angiulli
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130310
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 30, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper it is introduced a new type of dual-band antenna element for reflectarray applications. The proposed configuration is based on the integration of two shorted ring antennas, namely the Shorted Annular Patch (SAP) antenna and the Inverted- SAP (I-SAP) antenna. As it will be shown, this arrangement can be adopted to design dual-band dual-beam reflectarrays in which the formation of two radiation patterns can be controlled independently by varying the inner and the outer radius of the SAP and I-SAP antenna respectively.
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  • Yuya Yamaguchi, Yuki Yamada, Atsushi Kanno, Tetsuya Kawanishi, Masayuk ...
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Optoelectronics, Lasers and quantum electronics, Ultrafast optics, Silicon photonics, Planar lightwave circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130311
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 30, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For precise chirp parameter control, we investigated x-cut LiNbO3 single-drive asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulators with extinction-ratio adjustable active Y-branch structures, which can enhance on-off extinction ratio. The chirp parameter of the modulated output was precisely measured by using high extinction ratio operation. Experimental results show that it is possible to fabricate modulators with desired chirp parameters.
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  • Yong-luo Shen, Hyeong-cheol Oh
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130319
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 24, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We propose a pipelined implementation of the eight-point Loeffler discrete cosine transform (DCT) for portable applications. The pipelined structure produces one DCT coefficient per clock cycle, which meets the limited memory bandwidth of many portable devices. Two-dimensional algebraic integer (AI) encoding and the shift-and-add approach were used to make the implementation multiplication-free. A hardware cost reduction of approximately 40% was achieved by trading off the precision of the adders against a negligible amount of error in the reconstructed images.
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  • Sin Ho Lee, Chun Ku Lee, Jin Bae Park, Yoon Ho Choi
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electronic instrumentation and control
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130335
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 07, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we propose a diagnostic method for insulated power cables based on wavelet energy. The power cable has the degradation problem because of the thermal stress and the electric stress and the risk increases with aging time. Thus, we need to know the aging condition for the power cable. The cable aging condition can be verified by using the wavelet energy because the attenuation constant is increased by the cable aging. That is, the wavelet energy decreases as the cable aging condition deteriorates. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, the real experiments are carried out for four types of the old cables with the different aging times.
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  • Yuxiao Lu, Zhe Li, Jianjun Zhou
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130336
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 28, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    High performance bootstrapped switch is critical to high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This paper presents a novel CMOS bootstrapped switch which achieves rail-to-rail input range with greatly reduced bootstrap capacitance while maintaining high speed based on the precharge technique and charge leakage control. The proposed scheme is implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed bootstrapped switch can achieve full-swing input range at 200 MHz Nyquist with a chip area of 25µm by 20µm.
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  • S. M. Shamsul Alam, GoangSeog Choi
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130340
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 29, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we present an architecture for ASIC realizations of the Luby Transform (LT) encoder and decoder. To determine the efficiency of the LT Codec architecture, the encoder and decoder are implemented with a core area of 9mm2 in TSMC 180-nm 1-poly 6-metal and Samsung 130-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. An empirically modified Robust Soliton degree distribution technique is applied for LT Codec implementation and its performance is analyzed in terms of chip area and cycle count. Instead of including a random generator in the register transfer level (RTL) design, we use different look-up tables (LUTs) for degree distribution, edge routing, addressing and inverse edge routing. Therefore, this architecture is efficient for hardware implementation and occupies less area inside the chip. The result shows that an area of 2.3mm2 is required for whole encoder and decoder implementation using TSMC library, of which 0.08mm2 is used for encoder implementation. Finally, a modified Robust Soliton degree distribution technique is presented and evaluated in terms of cycle count for different number of iterations using Tensilica tool. Result shows that it takes very less iterations which is more beneficial for hardware implementation of LT Codec.
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  • Byung-Soo Kim, Seungkyu Baek, Dong-Sun Kim, Duck-Jin Chung
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130348
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 30, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents the design of a JPEG-LS encoder for lossless image compression. The proposed encoder is mainly composed of a context determination block, a pixel prediction block, a prediction error encoding block, a context update block, a code appending block. All operations are fully implemented using efficient pipeline method to increase a JPEG-LS encoder’s throughput for real time applications and the original LOCO-I compression algorithm is not modified to compliant with the standard. The proposed encoder uses forwarding technique and pipeline method to avoid hazards, processing speed of the encoder has increased to 120Mpixels per second. The proposed encoder has been verified by using FPGA implementation. Experimental results show that proposed JPEG-LS encoder is suitable for real time and mobile devices that high speed and low computational cost are a priority.
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  • Jingyuan Wang, Yunjing Jiang, Yuanxin Ouyang, Chao Li, Zhang Xiong, Ju ...
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130349
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 28, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    TCP is a low cost and easy-to-use transport layer protocol widely used in datacenter based applications and web services. Many TCP congestion control algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of TCP in datacenter networks. However, the emerging wireless technologies in datacenter networks create new problems for TCP congestion control. On the one hand, TCP algorithms must suit the special application patterns (such as incast and Partition/Aggregate) of the datacenters. On the other hand, TCP must perform well within the random packet losses caused by unreliable wireless links. Although there are many datacenter/wireless oriented TCP algorithms for either datacenter or wireless networks, designing a TCP algorithm that can meet both “datacenter” and “wireless” requirements of wireless datacenters still remains a great challenge. In this paper, a novel congestion control algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of TCP over wireless datacenter environments. The proposed approach combines an ACK-based wireless network bandwidth estimate with an ECN-based datacenter TCP congestion control that can perform well in both the datacenter environments and wireless links. The simulated experiments validate the performance of our proposed approach.
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  • Li Zhang, Weisheng Zhao, Yiqi Zhuang, Junlin Bao, Hualian Tang, Cong L ...
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130352
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: May 30, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    STT-MRAM is currently under intense R&D efforts thanks to its high performances such as non-volatility, fast access speed and high density etc. However, it suffers from intrinsic stochastic switching behaviors and high sensitivity to process variations, which make low power reliable reading become a big challenge. This letter presents three designs of reference cell for STT-MRAM sensing. By using an accurate compact model of STT-MRAM cell, we analyze and compare their performances in terms of power, reliability and area.
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  • Nguyen Manh Quyet, Dong Hyun Lee, Hyun Chang Park
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130362
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 10, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A novel wideband uniplanar electromagnetic bandgap structure with curved line bridges (C-EBG) is proposed to be used in power planes for suppressed ground bounce noise (GBN) and improved signal integrity. Compared with a conventional uniplanar electromagnetic bandgap structure with straight line bridges (S-EBG), the C-EBG structure significantly increases the equivalent inductance with less splitting in the power plane. The effectiveness of the proposed C-EBG structure was validated both numerically and experimentally. The improvement in bandwidth, GBN suppression, and signal integrity was 70%, 70%, and 20%, respectively.
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  • Ch’ng Siew Sin, Arjuna Marzuki, Tan Swee Boon, Lim Zong Zheng
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Integrated circuits
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130365
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 10, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents a configurable driver with pro-grammable impedance, output slew rate and de-emphasis control scheme. The proposed driver is implemented using 45nm CMOS technology which can be configured as a differential push-pull driver or differential current-mode driver. In push-pull mode, the driver can operate with mid-rail swing. In current-mode, it can support 400mV and 500mV low voltage swing. Configurable driver provides multiple impedances of 50, 75 or 150Ω that can be selected for transmit impedance and receive terminator. Besides that, with slew rate control scheme, the driver slew rate can be programmed at 2-5V/ns for data rate below 4Gbps. However, slew rate control scheme is bypassed and de-emphasis control scheme is activated to gives 6dB de-emphasis to equalize ISI losses at date rate above 4Gbps and thus, improving signal integrity.
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  • Unghee Park
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130383
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 07, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A microstrip transmission line on an ungrounded copper base plane that is electrically isolated from a surrounding ground plane has two characteristic impedances that depend on the resistance between the grounded and ungrounded sections of the copper base plane. The achievable contrast depends on the geometry of the transmission line and the ungrounded copper plane. This paper investigated the characteristics of such dual-impedance transmission lines using electromagnetic modeling and fabricated and characterized transmission lines with systematically varying dimensions. And, it achieved a contrast between the two transmission line characteristic impedances by a factor of up to 2.3.
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  • Xuan Zhu, Xuejun Yang, Chunqing Wu, Junjie Wu, Xun Yi
    Article type: LETTER
    Subject area: Electron devices, circuits, and systems
    2013 Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 20130404
    Published: June 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: June 12, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Memristor, as an innovative technology, has been proposed in the application of neural networks since its physical implementation was reported by HP lab. In this paper, we proposed a Hamming network circuits based on CMOS/memristor hybrid design which is compact in device size and circuit structure. Through HSPICE simulation, pattern recognition and classification functions of hamming network circuits are demonstrated using a 16×16 nanocrossbar memory.
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