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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
158-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
158-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
158-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Tetsuzo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
159-163
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The contents of carotene in the feces, serum, organs and tissues of normal male adult rats fed on the carotene deficient diet for three weeks were determined after administering intravenously a single dose of β-carotene in aqueous dispersion. A small part of administered carotene was excreted into the feces. Carotene rapidly disappeared from the serum and was taken up by the liver, in which the carotene seemed to be metabolized slowly. Small amounts of carotene were found in the lungs, spleen, gonads and small intestine, and only trace in the heart, kidneys, large intestine. No carotene was found in the brain, eyes, stomach, muscle and deposit fat.
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Tetsuzo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
163-166
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Vitamin A depleted rats were divided into two groups (group A and B). Aqueous dispersions of β-carotene were injected twice intravenously. The quantities of carotene injected to group B was 1/2 of that to group A. The excretion and distribution of carotene administered were investigated. The carotene contents in the feces varied day by day, and no certain inclination was found. The excretion of carotene after the second injection was almost the same as that after the first injection. The rate of carotene content in the liver and feces of the rats in group B, injected with carotene, was much lower than that in group A, and thus it became obvious that the quantities of carotene injected influenced the metabolism of carotene. The tendency was surmised that the excretion of carotene into the feces decreased, as the state of vitamin A deficiency of the rats became severer.
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Tetsuzo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
166-169
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Beta-carotene was given either intravenously or orally to vitamin A deficient rats, and the distribution of carotene and vitamin A in the body was investigated. Vitamin A value in the eyes was 2-3 I.U. even in the state of vitamin A deficiency and this value remained almost constant when vitamin A or carotene was administered. Vitamin A value in the serum and the organs, except for the liver, lungs and kidneys, after oral administration were almost the same as that after intravenous administration. In the liver, about 32% of injected carotene and very slight increment of vitamin A were found after intravenous administration ; on the other hand small amount of carotene and significant increment of vitamin A were found after oral administration. A higher vitamin A value was found in the lungs and kidneys, especially in the former, after intravenous administration than after oral administation.
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Tetsuzo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
169-172
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Aqueous dispersions of β-carotene were injected intravenously to the rats fed on the basal diet containing no vitamin A, carotene and fat, or on the basal diet added with vitamin A or fat or both of them. Corn oil was used as the fat source, therefore it must be considered that it acted not only as a fat, but also as tocopherol contained. The fecal excretion of carotene increased by the addition of vitamin A or corn oil to the basal diet, especially by the former. The tendency of decrease of carotene excretion became considerable with progress of vitamin A deficiency. It was presumed that vitamin A deficiency may impair the conversion of carotene to vitamin A. The rats fed the diet with corn oil utilized carotene more effectively than the rats in the fat deficient diet.
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Akira YAMADA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
173-176
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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With the purpose of studying the mechanism of increase of urinary riboflavin excretion by Ca-gluconate, calciferol was administered to 7 rabbits. The behaviour of thiamine excreted in urine was just the same as that of riboflavin, i.e., the urinary excretion of thiamine was also inhibited. According to these results, vitamin D seems to control the urinary excretion of the vitamins which are activated by phosphorylation.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
176-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
176-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
176-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Yoshimasa ARII
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
177-180
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Studies were made on the effects of riboflavin and vitamin B_6 upon the disorder of tryptophan metabolism of the fevered rats caused by Streptococcus pyogenes J.17 A.4 and 2,4-dinitrophenol. When tryptophan had been administered, the fevered rats excreted a higher amount of xanthurenic acid especially by 2-4-dinitrophenol and pyridoxal phosphate caused a considerable decrease of xanthurenic acid. No other remarkable change was found except a slight decreasing tendency in the excretion of kynurenine by the 2,4-dinitrophenol injected rats.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
180-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
180-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Mamoru SUGIURA, Etuko TANAKA, Osamu YOSHIDA, Kazuo HOTTA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
181-184
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Three kinds of fluorescent substances are found in the bile besides riboflavin. The result has shown that 0.23 and 0.46 substances are folic acid derivative, 0.80 substance is 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. The fluorescent substances which have a great influence on the measurement of riboflavin consist of 0.23 and 0.46 substances. These fluorescent substances can be completely eliminated by oxidation with potassium permanganate.
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Soichi NIWA, Nobu KATAYAMA, Kinichiro KATO
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
184-186
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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According to the experiment on the lose of thiamine of the enriched barley prepared by our procedure, when it was washed with water, there found no considerable differnce among three cases of thiamines such as dibenzoyl thiamine, thiamine dicetylsulfate and thiamine naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate. However, a few difference are recognized between the pressed and the white barley. At the early period of washing time, the thiamine loss of the pressed barley was about 15% and that of the white was about 20%. With the time of the washing period, the loss of thiamine, increased considerably. Paying an attention to the washing time, the barley enriched by our procedure can be practically used.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
186-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
186-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Masuko SAKATA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
187-204
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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It was reported that the injection of pyridoxal phosphate exerted protective and curative effects on the experimental liver damage of albino rats with carbon tetrachloride. The effects of pyridoxal phosphate were therefore studied clinically in various liver diseases including 3 cases of acute hepatitis, 5 cases of chronic hepatitis, etc. and 6 cases of liver cirrhosis. Ten mg pyridoxal phosphate daily was injected intravenously for 10 day. The clinical symptoms and results of liver function tests before the treatment were compared with those after the treatment. Subjective symptoms ameliorated or disappeared and many liver function tests (especially bromsulfalein test, serum bilirubin level, urine urobilinogen) improved in 21 cases. Suspension of the pyridoxal phosphate injection was followed by deterioration of symptoms in many cases. Pyridoxine was injected to some patienets with liver disease, but little alleviative effect could be seen. The mechanism of the effect of pyridoxal phosphate in liver diseases is not yet clarified. But it is supposed that pyridoxal phosphate restores the metabolism of the liver, disturbed by decreased phosphorylation activity of vitamin B_6 in the injured liver.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
204-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
204-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
204-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
204-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Atsushi WATANABE, Toshiko YOSHIDA, Hideo OCHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
205-212
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The conditions to activate the adsorbent (superfiltrol) and the effect of temperature of the chromato-column in assaying vitamin D by means of chromatographic method have been discussed. It has been clarified as a result that the optimal condition to separate vitamin D in the pharmaceutical preparations containing natural vitamin oil is to use the superfiltrol preheated at 130-200℃ for 1-2 hours and to keep the temperature of chromato-column at about 31℃ during the adsorption. There seem to be some unknown substances which affect the colour reaction of vitamin D by antimony trichloride in the natural vitamin oil. The authors also have succeeded in minimizing the above mentioned effect of impurities by using a specially arranged chromato-column in which the usual superfiltrol is layered on the preheated superfiltrol.
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Tokio KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
212-218
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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In the course of the study on FAD stability in aqueous solution, two kinds of mold and one kind of bacterium having FAD decomposing ability were isolated from the FAD solution in which decrease of the co-enzymatic activity of FAD during preservation was observed. The mechanism of the FAD decomposition by these microorganisms has not yet been clarified. It was, however, suggested that the adenosine moiety of FAD was preferably utilized by these organisms. Furthermore, it was found that these organisms produced phosphatase which hydrolyzed FAD to FMN or riboflavin. FAD decomposition in aqueous solution by other kinds of mold was also observed, while lactic bacteria tested exerted no decomposing effect on the substance.
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Kunio YAGI, Minoru HARADA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
218-220
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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When flavin adenine dinucleotide was heated at 100℃ in its aqueous solution, it was decomposed to so-called fourth flavin compound (riboflavin-4'5'-cyclic phosphate). This decomposition was inhibited by the coexistence of phenol, p-cresol, guaiacol, phloroglucinol, sodium salicylate or sodium p-aminosalicylate, but not by that of aniline, benzyl alcohol or sodium benzoate. The decomposition was also found to be inhibited by the presence of sodium phosphate or borate.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
220-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
220-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Shotaro TADA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
221-224
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Previous report in our laboratory have shown that the bacterial cell fractions obtained by centrifugation of supernatant liquor from methane fermentation tank of night soil treatment was a good resources of Vitamin B_<12>. Present paper deals with the separation of vitamin B_<12> analogues in the material by the combined method of paper chromatography and paper ionophoresis. The considerable differences were found not only in the total amount but also in the proportion of the analogues by the kind of solvent, used for the extraction of the material. In the extract by KCN solution, the proportion of the analogues was cyanocobalamin 60%, factor III 20%, factor A 3%, factor B 2% and pseudo-vitamin B_<12> 5%, whereas in the aqueous extract, the total activity was only one half in the KCN extract and the proportion of cyanocobalamin was considerably low. In Na_2S_2O_5 extract, the total activity was not low but cyanocobalamin content was exceedingly small.
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Toshiro FUKUMORI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
225-228
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Riboflavin determination was attempted with Farrand photoelectric fluorometer. The Fujita's lumiflavin method, benzyl alcohol method and Crammer-Yagi's method were satisfactorily applied to this apparatus. One ml. of blood was sufficient for measurement of both free and esterified form of riboflavin. The riboflavin level of various bodily parts of normal albino rats estimated with this apparatus corresponded with that was confirmed by other authors.
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Toshiro FUKUMORI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
229-240
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Gamma ray irradiation from Co^<60> was conducted to the whole body of albino rat in order to elucidate the effects of the ionizing radiation upon the riboflavin contents of various body parts of the animal fed daily with a diet containing 25 μg of the vitamin. The animals were divided into three groups. On each group, 400,800 or 2000 r of γ-ray was irradiated respectively. The most outstanding feature was found in the spleen. Namely, the absolute amount of the vitamin in the organ was decreased by the irradiation, whereas the amount per unit weight of the organ was increased. In the small intestine both were increased. As far as the absolute amount of riboflavin was concerned, all viscera of the animal showed a decrease or an indifference on the whole with the exception of the small intestine and the lung. The contents of total and esterified riboflavin were both decreased in blood, whereas they were found increased in urine. Total riboflavin in feces was increased, while its ester ratio decreased. The decrease in blood and increase in urine and feces were proportional to intensity of the ray. With the dose of 400r, FAD contents of most viscera was increased, while FMN was reduced and free riboflavin unchanged. On the other hand, with 800r and 2000r decrease of FAD and increase of FMN and free riboflavin was marked. Especially, the increase of free riboflavin in the small intestine was characteristic. The results mentioned above may be explained in the following way. Namely, γ-ray irradiation caused a negative nitrogen balance and consequently liberation of the tissue riboflavin. The liberated riboflavin might be excreted in urine directly or in feces via the liver, the bile duct and the intestine. Increase of free riboflavin in the small intestine and of FMN in the liver and kidney were also observed under a similar experimental condition. Such phenomena were probably caused by an inhibitory effect on the riboflavin phosphorylation.
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Toshiro FUKUMORI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
240-245
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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In order to clarify whether the γ-ray irradiation caused directly the fluctuation of riboflavin distribution in the rat body, or some secondary changes brought about by the irradiation exerted any influence, the following experiments were made. Effects of the decrease of diet uptake caused by the irradiation were examined by feeding on a group of normal rats with the same amount of diet taken by the animals which had been subjected to the irradiation of 2000 r of γ-ray all over the body. The results showed that the irradiation caused a characteristic fluctuation of riboflavin distribution in the body, although an increase of the urinary excretion of the vitamin was observed even in the non-irradiated group. Furthermore, changes in visceral weight occurred in the irradiated animals. The most striking effect was observed in the spleen. The weight of the organ was reduced to 1/3 of the original 72 hours after the γ-ray irradiation of 2000 r. Water content of various viscera was almost constant. Decomposition of free riboflavin in a solution under an intensive γ-ray irradiation was in a slight degree.
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Toshiro FUKUMORI
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
245-249
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The riboflavin administered rats were exposed to 2000 r of γ-ray from Co^<60>. One group of the rats had been under a daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 μg of the vitamin before irradiation. The others were kept under the administration even after irradiation. In the non-irradiated and vitamin administered group, the riboflavin content of a unit weight of the organs was increased in the small intestine, kidney, liver, stomach in that order. Likewise, increase of the urinary and feceal excretion of the vitamin, was observed. It was found that the administration of riboflavin before irradiation lessened the fluctuation of the vitamin distribution caused by the irradiation. Thus, a postulation was made that the administration of riboflavin before irradiation might improve the radiation sickness. In the group to which the vitamin was administered continuously even after irradiation, the content of the vitamin was found to be increased in the kidney, liver and small intestine, and FAD was also increased in the kidney and liver in comparison with the irradiated group which had not been administered the vitamin. The results suggested that the phosphorylation of riboflavin was not interfered even with a heavy irradiation when a large amount of the vitamin had been previously given.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
249-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
249-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Kuniko MIYAGAWA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
250-255
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Studies on the biosythesis of thiamine from 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole under the existence of ATP and Mg^<..> were carried out by using a precipitated enzyme obtained by 0.65 saturation of the yeast extract with ammonium sulfate. It was recognized that the optimal pH for the crude enzyme was 7.4 and it was stable at the pH value. This crude enzyme was completely inactivated at 45℃ for 10 minutes, and about 60% of the activity was lost at 37℃. The maximum synthesis of thiamine was observed when the yeast extract was incubated for 2 hours at 37℃. The lag time for the synthesis of thiamine was observed at the initial state of the incubation (from 5 to 10 minutes). Therefore, it was assumed that the activation of the substrates might take place at the initial state.
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Kuniko MIYAGAWA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
255-259
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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A bioautographical study using thiazole-less and pyrimidine-less mutants of Escherichia coli was made on the thiamine synthesis from 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrimidine (OMP) and 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole. It was recognized that OMP-monophosphate, OMP-diphosphate and thiazole-monophosphate were synthesized by the 65% ammonium sulfate saturated fraction of yeast extract when the fraction was incubated with ATP, Mg^<..> and the substrates. It was also observed that there was one or more phosphatases in the yeast extract which catalyzed dephosphorylation of OMP-diphosphate.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
259-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Kuniko MIYAGAWA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
260-265
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Studies on the biosynthesis of 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole-monophosphate from 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole were carried out by means of bioautography with thiazole-less and pyrimidine-less mutants of Escherichia coli. It was observed that thiazole phosphate was produced in the yeast cells when either Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in the Reader's medium containing thiazole or the yeast suspension in a buffer solution containing glucose and thiazole was incubated at 37℃. It was found that the thiazole-kinase in the yeast extract was considerably stable in the range of pH 4.2 to 8.0,and its optimal pH was between 5.8 and 7.8. Thiazole-kinase was inactivated at 65℃ for 10 minutes and not perfectly inactivated at 55℃. It was assumed that the rate limiting process in the biosynthesis of thiamine by the yeast extract might be the activation of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
265-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
265-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
265-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroshi SAKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
266-269
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The vitamin A and β-carotene contents of blood were measured after the administration of 200 mg of β-carotene to each of 34 male patients of 12-28 years old, who had previously taken a low carotene diet. The β-carotene content of the plasma was slightly or scarecely increased by the administration, while a certain but not remarkable increase of vitamin A was observed in all cases. However, the vitamin A alcohol content was not affected by the β-carotene administration. It was, therefore, recognized that the increase of vitamin A was due to that of its ester. Furthermore, it was found that after the β-carotene administration the vitamin A content of the plasma reached to a maximum value more rapidly than the β-carotene level.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
269-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
269-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroshi SAKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
270-275
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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In various diseases, especially in kidney disorders, which exert the effect on protein of the p1asma, abnormal changes of the free and esterified vitamin A contents are often observed. Therefore, the amounts of free and esterified vitamin A in the fractions of protein of the human and rabbit plasma were determined by means of the chemical and Tiselius' electrophoretical method. By the chemical analysis, both types of the vitamin were detected mainly in the globulin fraction. Although a similar result was obtained by means of the Tiselius' method, the existence of esterified vitamin A in the alubumin fraction was also proved. However, the vitamin seemed to be contained in the globulin fraction in view of the principle of electrophoresis.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
275-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroshi SAKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
276-280
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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It was proved that β-carotene was converted rapidly into vitamin A, especially into the esterified form, in a liver homogenate. However, the amount of the formed vitamin A decreased again with the lapse of the incubation time.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
280-
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroshi SAKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1960 Volume 20 Pages
281-290
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The free and esterified vitamin A contents of the serum, liver and kidney of the albino rat were estimated 24,72 or 120 hours after the administration of 10,000,50,000,100,000 or 200,000 I.U. of vitamin A. The administration caused an increase of the esterified vitamin A in the serum. Change of the free vitamin A content was not observed. However, a remarkable increase occurred when an extremely great amount of vitamin A had been given. The increased free vitamin A level decreased rapidly with the lapse of time. In the liver, the content of esterified vitamin A increased as much as in the serum. There was, however, a limit for the increase of the content of the liver within a definite time. When much amount of vitamin A had been given, the vitamin A content of the organ increased in the course of time. The fluctuation of the free vitamin A content caused by the administration was not so much remarkable as that of the content of esterified type. In the kidney the vitamin A content did not so much increase as in the liver or serum. The ratio of the content of free vitamin A to that of esterified form was higher in the kidney than in the serum or liver.
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