昭和医学会雑誌
Online ISSN : 2185-0976
Print ISSN : 0037-4342
ISSN-L : 0037-4342
12 巻, 3-4 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 鳥山 悌司
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 131-134
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 関谷 宗伯
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 135-142,204
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In an attempt to investigate the influences of the injection of blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide on the living subjects, the author observed its toxicity to mice, its influences on the blood pressure, respiration and the amount of serum Ca and serum Cl of the rabbits. Further, in order to elucidate the relationship between carbon dioxide and poisons to the autonomic nerve system, the changes seen in the influences of carbon dioxide on the serum Ca by the combined injection with the poisons to the auto-nomic nerve system were observed.
    First of all, blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide was administered to the rabbits intravenously. However, almost no recognizable findings were noted in the observation of the living subjects. A single case of the rabbit demonstrated a slight edema and change of the colouring in the ear lobe where the agent was injected. The temperature of the rabbit seemed almost not to be affected by the injection. When the blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide was injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into mice, almost no remarkable changes were observed within 24 hours ; and there were only very few fatal cases. In order to trace the changes in the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the blood induced by the injection of blood-Ringer's solution saturated withh carbon dioxide, the following experiments were performed; i. e., the amount of carbon dioxide was estimated in the cases when blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide alone was injected intravenously into the ear vein, when the same solution was injected into the same vein under urethane anaesthesia and when the same solution was injected in the jugular vein under urethane anaesthesia. The results of the above experiments showed that the carbon dioxide content in the blood recovers approximately the normal level after the elapse of 5 hours in all cases, and that the vol.% of the carbon dioxide content in the blood was higher in all cases 15-75 minutes after the injection. As regards the blood pressure and respiration of the rabbits, observations were simultaneously made as to how the influences of adrenaline or acetylcholine on the rabbits are affected by carbon dioxide in the case with the blood-Ringer's solution alone, in the cases with blood-Ringer's solution combined with adrenaline or acetylcholine. When the blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide was injected under urethane anaesthesia, the blood pressure was found lower by 30-40 mm Hg in the first place, and it reached the lowest pressure after 1 minute. However, it recovered approximately the normal pressure after 5 minutes. The respiration rate was also found reduced, but the amplitude became larger. However, they came back to the normal as the time elapsed. The blood pressure raising action of adrenaline and blood pressure lowering action of acetylcholine were found, almost not affected by the combination with the bloon-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide suggesting that carbon dioxide does not essentially affect the action of both of the above chemicals. Following the above, experiments were performed to investigate as to how the serum Ca is affected by the injection of the blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide. When the solution alone was intravenously injected, almost no change was noted in the serum Ca during the period of 24 hours from the injection. When the solution was applied in combination with adrenaline or with pilocarpine, it was learnt that the slight serum Ca reducing action of adrenaline and serum Ca increasing action of 'pilocarpine are not affected by the injection of the solution in general. Contrary to this, it seemed that the injection of the blood-Ringer's solution saturated with carbon dioxide induces the increase in the serum Cl 15 and 75 minutes after the injection, and the serum Cl recovers the normal value after 24 hours.
  • 平田 泰造
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 143-157,205
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, Hayashi of our Department has completed enzymatic studies on the content of the obstructed intestinal tract. The author attempted pharmacological studies on the obstructed intestinal tract itself, which is presumed to be the supply source of the content in order to provide a key to solve the problem relative to the mechanism of the manifestation of the intoxication symptoms of the acute ileus. Further, the actions of the content of the obstructed intestinal tract on the excised intestinal tract, especially the presence of absence of a substance demonstrating a histamin-like action in it, were investigated. The author's method to establish an experimental ileus was to make an obstructed intestinal tract by cutting off a portion of the small intestine or the duodenum and to make an anastomosis of the cut ends of the intestine, instead of a simple ligature. By doing as the above, the author also performed experiments to investigate the sensitiveness to various chemical agents of the excised intestinal tracts from the upper and lower portions of the anastomosed intestine after an elapse of a fixed period of time the operation.. The followings are the conclusions drawn from the experiments.
    1) when the obstruction was established in the lower portion of the small intestine by the author's technique, most of the rabbits became fatal after the elapse of 60 hours. In the case of the obstruction in the duodenum, more fatal cases were observed, , therefore, the observation was restricted within 15-18 hours from the operation.
    2) The voluntary movement of the obstructed intestinal tract in the small intestine was very weak and irregular. This tendency became more and more intense as the time elapses. The sensitiveness of the intestinal tract to pilocarpine, acetylcholine, vagostigmin, , atropine, adrenaline, barium etc, was found to remarkably lower than the normal.
    3) In the case of obstructed intestinal tract in the duodenal portion (non-ligatured and ligatured pancreatic ducts are included), almost no voluntary movement was noted after the elapse of 18 hours. The sensitiveness to the above various chemical agents was also definitely lower compared with the control.
    4) In the case of obstructed intestinal tract in the duodenal portion (non-ligatured and ligatured bile duct are included), almost no voluntary movement was noted as it was in the case of 3) . Its sensitiveness to various chemical agents was found clearly lower than the normal. The sensitiveness to various chemical agents other than adrenaline was found slightly more sensitive in the obstructed intestinal tract including ligatured bile duct.
    5) The reaction of the excised intestine from the upper part of the anastomosis in the lower part of the small intestine to adrenaline was found lower than the normal. The reaction to acetylcholine was found sometime strong and sometime weak according to its concentration after 24 hours from the operation. The intestinal tract which reacted to acetylcholine strongly reacted to vagostigmin also strongly.
    6) Generally, the excised intestine from the lower part of the anastomosis in the lower part of the small intestine was found less sensitive to various chemical agents, and this tendency became more and more remarkable as the time elapses.
    7) Atropine, adrenaline, acetylcholine and barium acted upon the excised intestine from the upper part of the anastomosis in the duodenum similarly to the control case in the case where it included the non-ligatured pancreatic duct, but acted only weakly in the case when it included ligatured pancreatic duct. The action of pilocarpine or acetylcholine to the excised intestine in the case when it included non-ligatured bile duct was stronger than control. The action of vagostigmin was never found to be stronger than the control.
    8) To the excised intestine from the lower part of the anastomosis in the duodenum only acetylcholine acted stronger
  • 加藤 陽一, 梅田 定
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 158-168,207
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the second large epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Japan in 1935, animal experiments have been very actively adopted for the studies on this species of virus. However, in most cases, younger rabbits were selected as test animals. Originally, it is generally stated that, unlike mice, inoculations into rabbits do not necessarily secure infection with typical symptoms each time. The authors performed the following experiments in order to investigate the influences of the blockade of the reticuloendothelial system with various colloidal substances on the inoculation of the Japanese encephalitis virus into adult rabbit.
    Rabbits are preliminary blockaded with carbon cinnabar or carmine fluid and inoculated with the supernatant fluid obtained by centrifuge for 15 minutes at 3, 000 r.p.m. of 1: 10 emulsion of brain taken from the mouse infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (Nakayama strain) and manifesting the symptoms. The rabbits were inoculated with 0.7 cc of the supernatant intravenously and 0.1 cc of the same supernatant fluid into the parenchyme of the brain tissue.
    The rabbits, which had preliminary treatment and were inoculated with the virus demonstrated various symptoms such as poor appetite, slow movement, ataxia, crouching, ruffled fur, excitement, slackness of the tension of the abdominal wall etc. in various grades since the 6th or 7th day from the inoculation. The above symptoms were seen in more than 50% of 40 rabbits, and some of them demonstrated remittent fever. Approximately on the 12th day from the inoculation, they were sacrificed and the sterility of their brain and spleen was confirmed by bacteriological technique, and pathological histological examinations were performed, after which return inoculations were performed with part of the brain. In some of the cases, the return inoculations were successful. Generally, in the the rabbits of the treated group, changes resembling the findings observed in the human cases of Japanese encephalitis were recognized. In other words, necrosis, demyelinisation, proliferation of glial cells in a limited area and formation of small nodules were seen in the brain of rabbit in which the infection had been generally considered difficult in the past. However, these findings were not recognized in the blockaded control cases, therefore, these findings were evidently considered to have been induced by direct influence of the virus. Other principal findings observed were degeneration of ganglion cells, neuronophagia, hyperemia, hemorrhage, loosening of the tissue, perivascular infiltration, dilatation and fibrosis of Virchow-Robin cavity, diffuse proliferation of glial cells etc. These findings were recognized in a high degree in the cerebral cortex, in the gray matter of thalamencephalon and mesencephalon. By synthesizing the symptoms, rise of temperature, histological findings in the brain tissue of the rabbit, the results of the return inoculation on mice and their histological findings, 82.5% of the rabbits inoculated were regarded as successful On the 12 or 13th day from the inoculation, these findings were observed most intensly showing much superior to the results of the inoculated control group with preliminary treatment.
    As stated in the above, it was considered that the blockade of the reticuloendothelial system of adult rabbits furnishes a favourable conditions to the infection of the virus and makes the invasion and propagation of the virus easier by reducing the resistance of the rabbits to the virus.
  • 宮坂 徳衞
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 169-178,209
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous papers, the author has drawn roughly the following conclusion after the investigation in the influences of various chemical agents on the acylase ; i.e., not infrequently, the action of acylase in the liver or in the kidney of rabbit is enhanced, and, on the other hand, a specific action of acylase newly becomes active, though it is weakly, when a rabbit is administered with various chemical agents. Furthermore, he also confirmed that the hydrolysis of substrate such as hippuric acid or cinnamoyl glycine and that of taurocholic acid does not necessarily run in paraljel each other, and that the substances which possess aminoradical in β position and possess SO3H-radical such as benzoylaminooxypropanesulphonic acid resist the extracts of liver or kidney very strongly, resulting no hydrolysis in all cases. The author also observed that urethane, which is frequently employed for animal experiments, is at least almost ideal anaesthetic in view of the intensity of its influence on the acylase.
    At this point, interested by the question as to how the action of acylase of heart is affected by the administration of various chemical agents, the author performed the present experiments following the experiments described in his previous papers. The conclusions drawn from the present experiments are as follows.
    1) The heart extract prepared from normal rabbit almost does. not decompose hippuric acid, or very slightly if it does. Cinnamoyl glycine is even more difficult to be decomposed, and taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid are not decomposed by it absolutely.
    2) By the oral or subcutaneous administration of glycine, heart extract decomposes hippuric acid very readily ; and the hydrolysis of cinnamoyl glycine becomes evident. The hydrolysis of taurocholic acid is also promoted.
    3) In the case of the subcutaneous injection of caffeine, the hydrolysis of hippuric acid is also promoted ; and the decomposition of cinnamoyl glycine also becomes evident. However, conjugated bile acid is not affected.
    4) In the case of the oral administration of benzoic acid and in the cases of the subcutaneous administration of cinnamic acid or hippuric acid, only hippuric acid, or cinnamoyl glycine too, are very well decomposed.
    5) In certain cases, the decomposition of cinnamoyl glycine is extremely well promoted by the oral administration of glycocholic acid.
    6) In the case of single administration of cholic acid, glycocholic acid or taurocholic acid, the decomposition of conjugated bile acid is not evident in general. On the contrary, in the cases of combined administration of cholic acid and taurine or taurocholic acid and taurine, taurocholic acid is slightly decomposed.
    7) In the case of urethane is administered, the hydrolysis of hippuric acid, cinnamoyl glycine and taurocholic acid remains the same as that of the control cases.
    8) In the case of the administration of chloral hydrate, the decompositions of hippuric acid and cinnamoyl glycine are often promoted and both conjugated bile acids are also found decomposed.
    9) In the case of the administration of chloroform, the decompositions of hippuric acid, cinnamoyl glycine and glycocholic acid become evident.
    In short, when various chemical agents are administered to rabbits, it was learnt that the action of acylase of heart is often enhanced.
  • Saccharinの鶏胎仔に及ぼす影響に就て
    和田 善二
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 179-196,210
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    At the present moment, saccharin is believed to be almost non-toxic to animals and human. Having recognized the significance of the investigation as to how saccharin affects the animals in the embryonal stage, which were not employed in various studies in the past, the author planned the present experiment with fertilized hen's eggs in order to investigate the influence of saccharin on the development of chick embryo.
    As the first step, experiments were performed to investigate the toxicity, the influence on the development of the embryo and its diuretic action. Thereafter, pathological histological examinations on various organs to compare with the results of the past reports. The fate of saccharin in the chick embryo and the behavior of saccharin toward the proteolytic enzyme of liver were then studied to help the solution of the problem of the mechanism of excretion of saccharin.
    1) No remarkable changes in the weight of the chick embryo from fertilized hens egg which received the injection of saccharin were noted.
    2) The diuretic action of saccharin was clearly recognized.
    3) The allantoic fluid tastes sweet, and the sweetness was in proportion to the concentration of saccharin injected. No remarkable changes in the pH were noted.
    4) No malformation in the chick embryo was noted. All of the eggs incubated were successfully hatched out without any death even with the injections of saturated saccharin solution.
    5) By the pathological histological examinations on the chick embryo, it was con firmed that no noteworthy toxicity of saccharin to the embryo was recognized.
    6) Even when saccharin was injected on the 7th day of incubation and the embryo was taken out on the 9th day, the diuretic action was recognized but the action was weak. In this case, malformation of embryo, death rate of eggs and the sweetness of allantoic fluid were comparably the same as those in the case when saccharin was injected before incubation.
    In short, saccharin has almost no recognizable toxicity, and its absorption and excretion are rapid, and it has diuretic action. Further, contrary to dulcin, it does not harm any of the bones, liver, kidney etc.
  • 孵化鶏卵中に於けるSaccharinの運命に就て
    和田 善二
    1952 年 12 巻 3-4 号 p. 197-202,211
    発行日: 1952/12/01
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author planned the present experiment in an attempt to clarify to certain extent the difference between saccharin and dulcin in their toxicity by tracing the fate of saccharin in the living subject for the comparative study with that of dulcin. As it was learnt that the embryo of the hen's egg, which received the injection of 66 mg of saccharin, develops very well and hatches out perfectly, and that, pathological histologically, no injuries are found in the liver of the embryo, plans were made afresh to investigate the behavior of the hepatic enzymes, especially of the proteolytic enzymes, for the enzymatic study of the toxicity of saccharin.
    1) Most part ofd the saccharin injected into a developing hen's egg is rapidly excreted without decomposition into the allantoic fluid.
    2) The hydrolysis to protein and diglycine by the hepatic enzymes contained in the liver of the embryo hatched out from the hen's egg, which has been injected with saccharin, does not demonstrate any remarkable difference from that of the embryo from the control egg without preliminary treatment.
    In short, in view of the fact that saccharin injected into developing hen's egg is rapidly excreted without remarkable findings of pathological histological injuries in the kidney, as stated in the above, and that, pathological histologically as well as enzymatic chemically, saccharin induces almost the similar findings in the liver to those found in the control cases, the author considered that the non-toxicity of saccharin was proven.
feedback
Top