A study was carried out on the degree of ulcer reparation by utilizing complete serial sections of 19 lesion which were indicated to be cicatrical by findings from totally resected stomachs and preoperative gastrocamera pictures. They were selected from 1, 373 cases of gastrectomy, which was resected at the Department of Surgery, Showa University, School of Medicine, during approximately 14-years period from July, 1927 to August, 1971. As a result, ulcers at the cicatricial stage were found in 8 lesions with depths of ulcer III or IV. A comparative study was done upon the findings of totally resceted stomachs and endoscopic and histopathologic observations, in order to examine the endoscopic diagnosis of the degree of ulcer reparation. The obtained results are as follows.
1. Endoscopic findings corresponding to reparation degree 3 b were represented by a) concentrated folds and grandliform irregularities or b) concentrated fine folds and recesses, the attachment of fur and redness. At reparation degree 3, there were concentrated folds, recesses and attachment of fur in all cases. Redness was present in 4 of 5 cases.
2. The presence of thin fur is not necessarily a clue to endoscopic differential diagnosis of ulcer at cicatricial stage but was actually observable at reparation degree 3b or even 3a. Here, the presence of erosion-induced fur attached to regenerative epithelia should be taken into consideration.
3. Disappearance of redness at the center of a cicatrix does not always means the completeness of the ulcer reparation. The presence of redness is not an indicator for differentiation between reparation degrees 3a and 4.
4. The presence of recesses and granuliform irregularities on the surface of cicatrix are mostly an incomplete expression of regeneration of the mucosa. Here it is shown, inasmuch as even a slight recess is present, that the stature of regenerating epithelia is lower than that of the surrounding mucosa. Granuliform irregularities indicate uneven stature of regenerating epithelia, suggesting that the indented regino may correspond to reparation degree 3a. The same degree of reparation appeared to be expressed by the presence of fine sulci at the center of cicatrix, as was observed in isolated stomach.
5. It may be concluded that the diagnosis of reparation degree 4 is not based on the presence of redness but on the absence of any recess, granular irregularity of fine sulcus.

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GLDH activity in rabbit liver was measured spectrophotometrically using reduced nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation reaction. Optimum condition for mea-surement was obtained in a reaction mixture of 1/10 M of phosphate buffer (pH 8.6), 1/8 M of α-ketoglutarate and 2 M NH₄Cl.
Rabbit was used as a experimental animal thoughout. In liver the highest GLDH activity was obtained, while lower activities were found in kidney, lung, small intestine and skeletal muscle.
The GLDH was mainly located in mitocondrial fraction. A small amount of GLDH activity was found in nuclear fraction and almost no activity was found in supernatant fraction.
When it was kept in freezer (-20°C) for 24 hrs., 15% of GLDH activity was lost and then it was stable for a week.
In sera of normal 15 Japanese blood donors, mean of GLDH activity was 0.56 mU/ml (0-1.2 mU/ml) .
In cases of hepatitis, higher GLDH activity, while in cases of the other disease no change were observed. In rabbits with acute toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrahydro-chloride, higher activity was obtained in the early stages and the changes of value of GLDH were paralleled with that of GOT and not paralleled with that of LDH.

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The erythropoietion (ESF) activity in urine from children with leukemia was studied using bioassay method utilizing starved rats.
One hundred twenty one specimens of urine and 15 speciments of sera obtained from 9 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 4 with acute lymphtic leukemia and 1 with chronic myeloid leukemia, were the subjects in this study.
Following results were obtained :
1. In all cases reciprocal relationship was found between hemoglobin concentration and ESF levels. In some out of patients who showed hemoglobin level at below 9 g/dl and in all patients at below 5 g/dl, a rise in ESF activity was observed.
2. The reverse mutual relationship was observed between reticulocyte-counts in peripheral blood and ESF level in urine.
3. The reverse mutual relationship was also observed between counts of nucleted red cells in bone marrow and ESF level in urine.
4. Sera from adult and leukemic children were mixed with 2 kinds of urine in leu-kemic patients whose ESF level were normal and elevated.
In all cases, no significant changes in ESF activity in urine were observed by addition of sera.

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The toxic and the teratogenic action of serotonin and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, was studied in the chick embryo. These substances were once injected into the yolk sack of the intact eggs which had been kept in an incubator for 4 days. Creatinine sulfate and physiological saline were employed as the controls. Thereafter further incubation was employed. LD₅₀in 10 days after the injection was estimated to be 0.45 mg/egg for serotonin; while for the rest of the tested substances, their lethal actions were sohat their LD₅₀'s could not be calculated. Significantly marked constitutional anomalies as follows were produced with serotonin; edema, hernia of the internal organs, undergrowth, varicosis of the portal vein, twisted vertebra, stiff knee-joint, bent toe, and others. Histological examination, however, gave no particular pathological findings.
Whereas neither 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, creatinine sulfate nor saline gave significant marcro-or microscopic abnormal findings.
The whole body autoradiography with C¹⁴-serotonin showed apparent distribution of radioactivity to the yolk sack, urinary sack, and egg shell and moderate incorporation to the stomach, intestine, kidney and eye.

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The correlation between fibrous increase of pancreas and lesions in neighboring organs of the pancreas was studied on necropsy cases, during 1968 and 1970, and the following results were obtained.
1. The 149 cases having fibrous increase of pancreas were classified into 3 types ; 1) intralobar type, 2) interlobar type and 3) mixed type. Concerning the frequency of all ages, that of intralobar type correlated with ageing.
2. The correlations between fibrous increase of pancreas and lesions in each organ neighboring the pancreas were as follows ;
Lesion Type
cholelithiasis mixed type
suppurative peritonitis interlobar type
peritoneal carcinomatosis intralobar- and interlobar type
Regarding gartric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, the former was correlated with the in-terlobar type, and the latter with the intralobar- and interlobar type.
3. Regarding the relation between liver and fibrous increase of pancreas, the frequency of mixed type increased in fibrous increase of liver. The mixed type and interlobar type were frequently encountered. Eighty three per cent of liver cirrhosis appeared with fibrous increase of pancreas, 80% of fibrous increase of pancreas were of the interlobar type, and 20% of the intralobar type.
Conclusion : The causes of pancreatic injury were classified into the following 3 types ; 1 lesions in neighboring organs of pancreas, 2) systemic diseases, and 3) unknown causes including primary pancreatic injury. Secondary pancreatic injury accompanying lesions in neighoring organs of pancreas is stressed.

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The author investigated roentgenograms of wrists of babies at about 4 months with healthy appearances when medical examination was conducted in the jurisdiction of Kojiya Health Center. On that occasion, the author obseved relations between incidence of cotyloid deformation of the distal ends of the ulna and the distance between distal ends of the ulna and the proximal ends, of the metacarpal bones biochemical examination of blood, air pollution and ultraviolet ray volume in comparison with various examinations of babies living in the jurisdiction of less air polluted health centers, and especially, conducted study of cotyloid deformation of the distal ends of the ulna. The following are the results of the above studies :
1) Incidence of cotyloid deformation in babies in the heavily air-polluted jurisdiction of the Kojiya Health Center showed 4.5-11.5% (average 7.2%), while in less air-polluted jurisdictions such as Ohme and Ohshima Health Centers showed 4.3-5.2% (avearage 4.7%) .
2) Incase of cotyloid deformation (+), intervals the distal ends of the ulna and the proximal ends of the metacarpal bones were long, which indicated the delay in bone growth.
3) In case of cotyloid deformation (+), alkali-phosphatase in serum showed significantly high value.
4) More sulphurous acid gas and floting particles were found in the jurisdiction of the Kojiya Health Center where high incidence of cotyloid deformation was observed, compared with other jurisdictions.
5) The vrlue of ultraviolet ray in the Kojiya Health Center with high incidence of cotyloid deformation was no more than 1/1.8-1/2.6 of those in the Ohme and Ohshima Health Centers.
In conculsion, it is thinkable that increase in cotyloid deformation of the distal ends of the ulna are caused by defriciency in vitamin D.

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The author determined Vitamin C content in bilateral almonds of 40 children ranging 5 to 15 years of age by Hydrazine method and investigated histopathologically their almonds. The auther, also, conducted various clinical examination on CRP (reduced and oxidized vitamin C), ASLO titer, leucocyte count, etc., and obtained following results :
1) Total Vitamin C content in palatal almond indicated 768.6 μg/g in maximum and 101.0μg/g in minimum with large personal variation. Its mean was 338.4+165.9μg/g.
2) Vitamin C content in palatal almond indicated 80% of reduced-type with less oxidized-type.
3) With special consideration upon histologically reactive focus in crypt and follicle, the author classified its degree into three groups such as ‘slight’, ‘moderate’ and ‘high’, in which vitamin C content were 260.5 μg/g, 308.5 μg/g and 366.9 μg/g respectively. It was noted that vitamin C content increased in parallel with the degree of histologically reactive focus.
4) In the results of clinical test, no siginificant relations among CRP, leucocyte number and vitamin C content in palatal almond were noted, while it was noticed that both the total vitamin C content and oxidized-type vitamin C decreased in inverse propotion to increase in ASL values.
5) The difference in vitamin C content between right and left sides palatal almond of the same patient presents small figures of 1.0-13.7%. Furthermore, difference by sex and age was not observed.

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The author has conducted determination of vitamin C content by Hydrazine method in order to investigate the stability of ascorbic acid in juicered vegitables and fruits, determination of vitamin C change in variously treated foods containing vitamin C oxidase and observation of effects of storage upon vitamin C in 3 kinds of marketed dry milks. The results are as follows:
1) When treated with jicicer, vegitables and fruits such as potatoes, apples, carrots, etc, that are rich in vitamin C oxidase, indicated the increase in oxidized-type, which shows bad influence of treatment by juicer upon the stability of vitamin C.
2) When potatoes and other vegitables and fruits were concurrently treated with the juicer, such arranged materials indicated marked increase in oxidized-type in comparison with the material treated alone, except tomatoes resulting in the combined potatoes, apples, and potatoes, cucumbers were wholly oxidized.
3) Vitamin C content in vegitables was influenced by cookery, that is, in test on potatoes, when boiled, vitamin C therein flowed out in boiled water and reduced to half, while, steamed, it remained comparatively stable.
4) Vitamin C contained in canned dry milks presently on the market indicated fair stability. It was noted that vitamin C content did not decrease even when the milks were stored in the refrigerator, or left at the high temperature, or under the high temperature and humidity, or at the room temperature for the period of 4 weeks.

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Neurogenic ulcer is considered to be the lesion in the alimentary tract caused by dis-turbance of the central nervous system, viz. pathological changes such as ulcer, erosion and hemorrhage. Since Rokitansky, many experimental and clinical reports are available, but many problems such as the relationship between brain localization and lesions in the alimentary tract still remain unsolved. As to the cause of gastric ulcer, problems of homeostasis of secretion, motility and circulation of the stomach have been discussed since Shay. Participation of the factor of central nervous system has been accepted without much argument. The author has paid attention to the frequent occurrence of neurogenic ulcer in cases of brain trauma with secondary necrosis localized in the posterior orbital surface of the frontal lobe. In order to study the relationship between the central nervous system and gastric function and the cause of development of peptic ulcer, the following experiments were conducted on 80 adult mongrel dogs to destroy part of the central nervous system and to study the resultant changes of the digestive tract and gastric blood flow in time course.
(1) Gastric changes secondary to the destruction of the posterior part of the frontal lobe and the antero-inferior part of the temporal lobe
In dogs anesthesized by intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium, one pair of concentric electrodes were inserted into the brain and fixed, with the use of a stereotaxic apparatus and brain atlas by Lim et al. From the lead wire exposed out of the body, stimulation with square wave discharge of 50 cps, 10 msec and 5 V was given with a stimulator after more than 3 weeks following the operation, for 5-24 hours with 30 seconds interval to produce an area of destruction. Gastric lesion was then studied. After 24 hour stimulation, petechial hemorrhage in the stomach was found in 56%, and marked mucosal hyperemia in 33%.
Stimulation lasting less than 10 hours caused petechial hemorrhage in the stomach in 25% of cases. In animals without stimulation despite the indwelling electrodes and in controls without indwelling electrodes, no changes such as petechial hemorrhage were noted.
(2) Chronological changes of the blood flow through the left gastric artery and splenic artery after destruction of posterior hypothalamus and posterior orbital surface.
With the use of operative procedure as described in (1), a pair of stainless steel wires were inserted into the posterior hypothalamus and the posterior orbital surface of the frontal lobe and fixed. The animals were immediately laparotomized, and the left gastric artery and splenic artery were stripped to the branching site and a probe of electromagnetic flow meter was inserted. An electric knife with a constant emitting power was brought into contact with the fixed electrode to destroy the local site of the brain to measure the changes of gastric blood flow. Blood flow through the carotid artery and blood pressure at the femoral artery were also recorded simultaneously. As the result, (a) destruction of the posterior hypothalamus caused an increase of the blood flow through the left gastric artery by 8.36%. Compared to the controls, a marked increase by 300% was seen 30 seconds after destruction. Throughout the whole course of 2 hours following destruction, significant difference was noted. The blood flow through the left gastric artery was increased after destruction of the posterior hypothalamus, indicating a parasympathetic effect. (b) Destruction of the posterior orbital surface of the frontal lobe, blood flow throught the left gastric artery was increased by 8.11%. Compared to the controls, increase by 298% was noted 30 seconds after destruction. Significant difference was noted throughout the whole course, except for 1 hour after destruction. The blood flow through the left gastric artery was increased after destruction of the posterior orbital surface of the frontal

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Using radioelectrocardiography and determing oxygen consumption and blood pressure, the effects of the first and repeated training with walking on level, walking up- and downstairs and bathing in lukewarm fresh water on the cardiac function of the patients with. acute myocardial inf action were investigated on the course of rehabilitation.
It was found that velocity of walking on level well correlated with relative metabolic rate (RMR), and, that in the cases of both walking exercises a decrease in heart rate and in modified tension time index (mTTI) and an increase in oxygen pulse were observed after courses of training comparing to those after first course. Similer decrease in heart rate, oxygen debt, mTTI and abnormal findings on ECG and increase in oxygen pulse were also. observed after courses of training with bathing in lukewarm fresh water. These changes. after training were thought to indicate the improvement of the cardiac function.
Since the cardiac function tests often revealed abnormality after bathing in severe cases in spite of very low RMR required for bathing, one should be very careful in selecting method of bathing in them and determining the time of allowance of bathing in them. On the contrary, earlier allowance of bathing was thought to be possible in the mild cases.

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Die Unterscheidung zwischen Hysterie und Epilepsie spielte heute noch in der Psychia-trischen Klinik eine große Rolle. von einem großen Nervenarzt (charcot) in Frankreich an sprach man noch von Hysteroepilepsie. Jedoch hat man klinisch dieses Terminus nicht in Gebrauch genommen, weil die Fortschritten und die Anwendungen der Elektroence-phalographie und die psychoanalytische Auslegung durchaus die Diff erenzierung beider Krankheiten möglich waren. Anhand eines Falls untersuchten wir im Vergleich der klassischen Formen Hysteroepilepsie im Sinne von Charcot das Mechanismus und die Erscheinungsform dieser Krankheit. Heute findet sich nicht die Charcotsche Form der Hysteroepilepsie. Seine Krankeitsbilder sind, wie man schon gesagt hat, den psychomotorischen Anfälle oder der Temporallappenepilepsie entsprechen. Damit gibt es viele Meinungen über die Entste-hung der Hysterie, aber es ist f estzustellen, daß eine Mobilisierung und eine Kristallisierungder Konflikten im Unterbewußten biographisch in der Intimsphäre des Menschenlebens gestaltet werden. (Autoreferat)

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To elucidate the role of upper respiratory virus to bronchial asthma, the studies on anti-adeno virus 3 antibody titer and anti-parainfluenza virus titer were carried out with the 210 cases of bronchial asthma and 21 cases of normal subjects by means of complement fixation test and HI test. Anti-influenza virus titer were carried out with 12 cases of bronchial asthem by means of HI test.
The results were as follows;
1) Anti-adeno viral titer of the patients with bronchial asthma showed to be higher than that of normal subjects (p<0.01) . Also anti-para influenza viral titer was significant difference between former and later (p<0.01) .
2) The titer of the asthma patients of infectious types or mixed types was higher than that of atopic types.
3) In winter, anti-viral titer showed to be higher, and correlated to the predisponsing season of the upper respiratory viral infection.
4) There is no statistical difference between steroid-receiving patients and no steroid in anti-viral titer. IgE globulin levels showed to be high in atopic types compared to the other types.
5) In generally, clinical states in bronchical asthma were tendency to improve, accompanied with increasing serum anti-viral titer by vaccination therapy in gradual increase of dosage.
6) In 79 percent of the patients were effective in influenza vaccination therapy.
7) The mechanism of inflenza vaccination treatment was suggested, to act the hyposensitizing effects as well as the protect their infection.

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A 24-years old femal was received a surgical operation for chronic parasinusitis under local anesthesia. Immediatly after the injection of local anesthetics, she lost her consciousness, and cardio-repiratory arrest was observed. On resuscitation she got in trouble of pulmonary edema and treatment for pulmonary edema was temporarily successful. But she died after about 33 hours following 2 nd episode of pulmonary edema.

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