Pharmacological effects of TTFD on respiratory and circulatory systems as well as on smooth muscle organs of rabbits and toads have alreaey been reported. Further studies were undertaken on several other organs and the results obtained are summarized in the following :
TTFD was found to have pharmacological effects similar to these of vitamin B₁ though there was quantitative difference between the two. Toxicity of TTFD was much smaller than vitamin B₁ and it seemed to be retained in the body for a longer period of time.
In view of the changes observed on the blood pressure and respiration of rabbits administered of TTFD, it was concluded that this preparation is not adequate for intracisternal administration.
It has, moreover, no appreciable influence on the activities of adrenaline or acetylcholine.

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Yohim.bine was administered on incubating eggs. Embryos of the treated group showed a tendency of stronger body weight increase. Weight of ovary or testicle on the 15 th day of incubation waa lower than that of the control group, whereas, it became higher on the 18 th day to 22 nd day of incubation.
On pathohistological investigation, no significant changes were observed on the ovary, testicle, liver, kidney, lung and the heart.

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Fertilized eggs of white leghorn were injected with calcicol and parotin, and observations were made on the general growth and ostosis of the chick embryos was histologically examined.
In the group administered with calcicol, retardation of growth of the embryos was noticed and it became more pronounced as the dosage was increased.
When parotin was jointly given, this retardation of growth caused by calcicol was almost completely prevented. Best results were obtained with parotin dosages of 0.001γ to 0.01 mg.

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Rabbits administered of nicotine either by a single injection of 10 mg/kg or by a daily dose of 1 mg/kg repeated for 10 days were determined of the total quantity of vitamin B₁ as well as its blood and urine concentration. In either case of the two kinds of nicotine administration, there was a remarkable decrease of vitamin B₁ on the first day after completion of the injection. This tendency was especially strong on those which had received 1 mg/kg repeatedly for 10 days and they also required a longer period in restoring their normal condition.
Moderate degenerative changes were observed on the liver and the kidney of the rabbits received a daily dose of 1 mg/kg nicotine for 10 days.

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1. In the present experiment, nicotine was administered on incubating eggs in varying doses of 1, 5 and 7 mg/cc, and pathohistological examinations were made in order to know its influence on the growth of the mandible sacrifycing the embryos on the 10th, 15 th and 20 th day of incubation.
2. Toxic effect of nicotine on these chick embryos was strong and the mortality was increased while the decrease in the body weight and diminution in the mandibular legth became pronounced by the use of higher nicotine concentrations as well as following the advance in the days of embryonation. All embryos received 7 mg of nicotine died by the time of the examination made on the 20 th day of incubation.
3. Harmful effect of nicotine appeared first on the cartilage and this influence lasted for a long period of time. This, therefore, is considered to be the reason why there appeared the growth disturbance or agenesis of the bones in the late stage of incubation.
4. As histological findings, there were observed the achondroplasia, degeneration and atrophy of cartilage cells, retardation in the growth of periosteum, narrowed or edematous swelling of the tubecula of bone, atrophy of myelocytes, decrease of osteoblasts etc.
5. Growth disturbance of the bone by the administration of nicotine observed in the present experiment should be classified as embryonic chondrodystropia of malactic type.

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1. In order to induce experimental naphthalene cataract, 30% olive oil suspension of naphthalene was administered per os in a daily dose of 1 g/kg into the normal rabbits fed on vitamin C deficient diet. They were then divided into two groups of the received the naphthalene suspension only and the other the same in combination with 50 mg vitamin C. Clinical observation as well as pathohistological examinations of the kidney were made on those rabbits.
2. Findings of clinical observation were mostly the same as those hitherto described in the literature. Edema of the conjunctiva was recognized on the rabbits in Group I. There was, however, no major difference in clinical pictures between the two.
3. As for the histological findings of the kidney, in the kidney, in the rabbits of Group I, glomeruli were found to have swollen, fused and hyperemic. Nuclear increase, degeneration and destruction of endotherial cells, desquamation of the epithelium of Bowman's capsule were also seen. In addition, increase of the mesenchymal elements within the loop and swelling of Bowman's capsule were also recognized.
4. While the changes observed in the rabbits of Group II were only mild degenerative changes accompanying circulatory disturbance.
5. In view of the findings of the kidney of Group I, the disorders caused by naphthalene in rabbits are considered to be in the category of acute glomerular nephritis.
6. Difference in the intensity and the time of appearance of lesions between the eye ball and the kidney is considered to be due to the organic factors including the difference in vascular distribution.
Accordingly, the toxic reactions elicited by naphthalene are considered to be partly inflammatory reactions and partly the changes due to the hypoxia of epithelial cells caused by the jntoxication of tissues involved.

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1. In the present experiment, developing eggs were administered of nikotine and subjected to the observation of general growth disturbance as well as of the pathohistological examinations of skeletal muscles (femoral muscle) on the 10 th, 15 th and 20 th day of incubation respectively.
2. Histological findings of muscular tissues can be classified into 3 types of a) those characterized by the diffusive picture of undifferentiation owing to the extremely poor growth of muscular tissues, b) those in which the picture of undiff erentiation is localized and not diffusive the disturbance in the growth of muscular tissues being moderate and c) those in which the disturbance of muscular tissues is slight.
3. Embryos received 1 mg/kg nikotine and examined on the 10 th day of embryonation showed all the three types of changes. While, those received higher doses of nikotine as well as those examined on later days were mostly the types of “a” and “c”. And, moreover, the number of “a” type embryos reduced while that of “c” type increased.
4. Centric multinuclear picture was more remarkable on the embryos of“a” type in which the growth disturbance of muscular fibers was highly advanced and degenerative changes were moderate than on the erpbryos of the other types. This might be a kind of reparative reaction against the above mentioned changes observed on muscular fibers.
5. Incomplete stria formation of muscular fibers was frequently recognized on the embryos of 7 mg group examined on the 15 th day of incubation.
6. Changes into so-called muscular connective tissue in its broad sense were observed on the embryos examined on the 20 th day of incubation.
7. In the present experiment, degenerative or tissue destructive changes observed were diffuse and sporadic having undifferentiated fusiform or stellate cells in their periphery without demonstrating distinct formation of lesions. This, therefore, can be differentiated from the one of so-called embryonic type which can be seen when regeneration of muscular fibers takes place following the degeneration or destruction of muscular fibers.

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Ethyl alcohol (EA) and Methyl alcohol (MA) were administered intravenously into rabbits in two different doses of large (2.0 cc/kg for EA and 0.2 cc/kg for MA) and small (0.2 cc/kg for EA and 0.02 cc/kg for MA) every 4 days for a period of a month for the observation of their antibody productivity against soluble antigen (human serum), corporal antigen (0 type human erythrocytes) and lipoid antigen as well as the changes produced in their body weight, blood picture and visceral organs. The results obtained are summarized in the following.
A. Antibody productivity 1. Against soluble against antigen: Production of immune precipitin was markedly reduced by the administration of EA regardless to the size of injection. While, in the case of MA, the reduction was moderate and likewise the former case no difference was observed by the difference in the size of injection.
2. Against corporal antigen : Rabbits on EA small dose injection responded with a marked production of immune agglutinin against the final injection of antigen, but its production was extremely low in the case of large dose injection. In rabbits on MA injection, on the other hand, the production of immune agglutinin was enhanced slightly when small dose was used. They showed no difference from the control animal, however, when large dose injection was used.
3. Against lipoid antigen : Production of lipoid antibody showed no change in comparison with control when EA was used in small dose, but it was markedly reduced when the dosage was large. In the case of MA, the production of lipoid antibody was extremely poor regardless to the size of injection.
B. Changes in the body weight Small dose injection of EA was responded with a slight increase in the body weight, but there was a remarkable decrease when the dosage was large. In the case of MA, the body weight was reduced regardless to the size of injection. In this case, however, the body weight was restored normal by the end of the experiment.
C. Changes in the blood picture 1. In the case of EA, erythrocytes, leucocytes and hemoglobin reduced regardless to the size of injection.
2. With MA, erythrocytes reduced by small dose injection, while they remained unchanged by large dose injection. Leucocytes remained practically unchanged by small dose injection and reduced by large dose injection. Hemoglobin reduced in either case of small dose or large dose injection.
D. Changes in visceral organs Liver : Atrophy of the tissues and striking decrease of glycogen were observed in either case of EA or MA regardless to the size of injection. By the preliminary treatment with EA small dose, dilatation of Disse's space and fibrinoid degeneration of the wall of central veins became fairly remarkable. While, in the case of MA small dose, moderately strong cellular infiltration, slight separation of serum and swelling of Kupffer's stellate cells were observed.
Spleen : In either case of EA or MA, regardless to the size of injection, the splenic pulp was found to have dilated. In both cases of EA and MA, when the dosage was small, anemia and dilatation of the splenic sinuses were recognized. Slight increase of reticular cells was seen when MA was used in large dose.
Kidney : In either cese of EA or MA, regardless to the dose of injection, the changes observed in the kidney were the pronounced hyperemia, fibrinoid degeneration of the vascular wall and interstitium, degeneration and necrosis of urinf erous tubules and the stagnation of the blood in glomeruli. When EA was used in small dose, there were also marked separation of serum and agglutination of the blood cells.

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