Acute and chronic toxicity, topical effect and effects on blood pressure and respiration of monoethanolamine (MEA), a new CO₂ absorbent in air, were studied histopathologically and pharmacologically. The following results were obtained.
1) MEA caused tonic and clonic convulsion and paralysis of motor nerves in mouse. Its LD₅₀ was 0.335 ml/kg, when it was applied into mouse peritoneally.
2) Continuous daily application of MEA for 7 weeks caused decrease of body weight in guinea pig. In histopathological findings, bleedings in abdominal and thorax cavity were observed.
3) Topical application of MEA on skin caused hypertrophy of the stratum corneum, atrophy of fiber in corium and radix pili.
4) MEA caused inhibition of respiration and transient fall followed by elevation in blood pressure. The transient hypotension caused by MEA mainly due to the central effect, while hypertension caused by MEA due to the peripheral sympathomimetic effect.

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1. Hepatic ducts are so extensive that they can reserve the bile in them. The bile flow in the tracts is regulated by the compression of liver following the respiratory movement of diaphragm.
2. The intraluminal pressure difference between the distal end and proximal end of the common bile duct plays an important role in the flow of bile in the extrahepatic bile duct.
3. When the intraluminal pressure of the ampulla becomes more than 4 cm H2O by the contraction of the ampulla, the inner orifice opens and the bile in the ampulla is forced to expel into the duodenum following the contraction of duodenum. The sphincter mechanism played by the inner orifice might exsist (Fig. 3.B.i) . This orifice is surrounded by the circular muscles which are ramified from the same layer of the duodenum.
4. When the inner pressure rises to 100-150 mm H₂O, the gall bladder becomes active and expells gall into the common bile duct. The bottom portion of the bladder always repeats the weak contractions mixes the gall.

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The effect of bathing on the electrocardiographic findings and some other circulatory factors was studied in 161 occasions in 109 cases with essential hypertension, ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, cerebral vascular disease and normal health.
Electrocardiograms were recorded with the radioelectrocardiograph during and after bathing in the hot fresh water at 42°C for 5 minutes (HW-group), the gradually warmed fresh water from 38°C to 42°C for 10 minutes (GW-group) and the lukewarm fresh water with a constant temperature between 39°C and 40°C for 20 minutes (LW-group) in winter (from Oct. to May) and summer (from July to Sept.) .
The advantage of recording the electrocardiogram by radioelectrocardiography was shown by this study.
In HW-group, the initial rise of the systolic blood pressure was observed during bathing in the majority of the hypertensive group and the group with cerebral vascular disease.
In GW-group and especially in LW-group, the systolic blood pressure was tended to fall during bathing except for valvular group.
The heart rate increased in the majority of the patients, almost similar to the normal subjects. But the increase of heart rate was minimal and transient in LW-group.
The sinustachycaridia was found more frequently during bathing in HW-group of valvular disease and hypertension.
The appearance of arrhythmias was most frequent in the HW-group of cerebral vascular disease.
ST·T changes were found more frequently in the groups of ischemic heart disease and hypertension.
Much less frequent tachycardias, arrhythmias and ST·T changes were found during bathing in GW-group and LW-group.
Electrocardiographic findings after bathing showed the similar tendency to the findings during bathing. In GW-group and especially in LW-group, ST·T changes were lessf requently seen than in HW-group.
Many electrocardiographic changes were shown from during to immediately after bathing (Within 1 minute 30 seconds after bathing) . Consequently, in these cases we could not found by usual method in which electrocardiograms were taken before and after bathing. These results indicate that the radioelectrography may be very useful.
The increase in the Starr's Katz's and Kimura's indices was slighter in GW-group and LW-group than in HW-group.
The suitability for bating was checked by the criteria which was scored the severity of the change, that is, slightly change is 1 point and markedly change is 3 points in the 5 itemus, ST, T and arrhythmias in ECG, heart rate and blood pressure.
In summer, the HW-bathing was done on the patients with essential hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The change of the systolic blood pressure, heart rate and, starr's and Katz's indices in summer was almost similar to in winter on these patients. Of the electrocardiographic findings, arrhythmias and ST·T changes were observed less frequently in summer than in winter.
It is concluded that the unfavorable effect of bathing is least in LW-group on the patients with cardiovascular disease.

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Nach Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung von 3-Aminopropansulfonsäure (Homotaurin, HT) auf die Zirkulation kam man zu folgenden Ergebnissen. Als Versuchstiere wurden Hund, Ratte, Katze und Rana catesbiana verwandt.
1) Durch die intravenöse Dauerinfusion von HT war die ausgeprägte Blutdrucksenkung von Bradykardie begleitet. Nach dem Atemstillstande kam Arrhythmie zum Auftreten.
2) Bei rascher Wiederholung einer intravenösen grossen HT-Gabe—also 10 mg/kg HT in Abständen von 30 Minuten wiederholt in jiziert—trat am Hunde die veränderte Blutdruckreaktion. Somit wies HT Tachyphylaxie auf. Es machte sich aber auch Tachyphylaxie bei der Gabe von 1 mg/kg HT an der Ratte bemerkbar.
3) Nach der intravenösen Vorbehandlung von HT wurde eine durch Adrenalin oder Noradrenalin ausgelöste Blutdrucksteigerung am Hunde in geringem Ausmasse vorübergehend verstärkt. Aber an der Ratte unterlag die Wirkung von beiden Aminen keinerlei Beeinflussung. Bei der Vorbehandlung mit Atropin oder Diphenhydramin wurde die durch HT ausgelöste Blutdrucksenkung in geringem Grade abgeschwächt. Die depressorische Wirkung von HT wurde durch die Vorbehandlung mit Tetraethylammoniumbromid oder Hexamethonium herabgesetzt.
4) Die depressorische Wirkung von HT wurde nach der Durchschneidung beider Halsvagi des Hundes in geringem Ausmasse gehemmt.
5) Der durch plötzliches Abklemmen der beiden Karotiden ausgelöste Karotissinusent-lastungsreflex less sick nach HT vorübergehend hemmen.
6) Die Veränderung des Nickhautmyogramms durch elektrische präganglionäre Reizung war beim durch HT-haltige Lösung durchströmten oberen Halsganglion der Katze nicht bemerkbar.
7) Bei der Rückenmarkdurchschneidung (C₂) an Hunden trat keine Reaktion des Blutdruckes auf HT ein.
8) Bei der direkten Einspritzung in die Hirnhöhle der Ratte (nach der Nobleschen Methode) kamen die durch HT ausgelöste stärkere Blutdrucksenkung und ihre längere Wirkungsdauer in weitaus geringeren Mengen von HT im Vergleich zur intravenosen Injektion zur Beobachtung.
9) Bei den Untersuchungen über die Mikrozirkulation an Ratten blieben durch HT Vasomotilität und Blutströmung der Kapillaren im Darmnetz und grossen Netz intakt. Auch Diapedese und gesteigerte Durchlässigkeit der Kapillaren waren in den entsprechenden Portioned nicht feststellbar.
10) Auf die Ohrgefässe des Kaninchens und die Blutgefässe der Hinterextremitäten von Rana catesbiana wirkte HT bei der Applikation von Lösung geringer Konzentration nur in geringem Masse erweiternd, aber von höher konzentrierter Lösung merkwürdig verengernd. Die durch Adrenalin ausgelöste Kontraktion der Ohrgefässe des Kaninchens wurde durch HT in höher konzentrierter Lösung gewissermassen gehemmt, auch der rasche Wiederkehr des Gefässzustandes beobachtet. Das gleiche gait auch für andere ω-Aminosulfonsäuren, Taurin und 1-Amino-2-hydroxypropansulf onsäure.

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In the 10 right biceps brachii muscles from human adult, complete mid-point crosssections were made, and these were photomicrographed on overlapping fields. By mean of these photomicrographs, individual fiber count, sampling count and measurring of fiber diameter were carried out.
The results obteined were as follow.
1) The total number of the muscle fibers in each cross-sections were between 323, 942 .and 114, 448, and these were classified in 3 groups (much, medium and few) . The “much” and “medium” groups were correspond to the figures in the athletic body build and it's contrast cases by ETEMADI and HOSSEINI respectively, “few” group was to its in the seniles.
2) The fiber number in 1 mm² of the muscle cross-section were between 1423 and 458, which were generally higher than its in the cases by BARIN-BAUM.
3) The diameter of the muscle fibers in our cases were generally larger in male than in female. As compared with the cases by ETEMADI and HOSSEINI, these were smaller Than it of athletic body build and equal or larger than its of the contrast cases.
4) Interrelationship between these results and a few individualities in each subjects were also studied.

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Recently a autopsy case of the diffuse chronic panbronchiolitis was experienced. 24 yrs male. Clinical diagnosis was silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchial asthem. Pathological diagnosis was the diffuse chronic panbronchiolitis.

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It is most important of take a precise history on the asthmatic children to dicide the management.
Flow sheet to obtain the precise history was presented, which include family history, previous history of; illness, status of asthmatic crisis and enviromental history.
Significance of abore flow sheet was disscussed.

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The result of giving 2.0-3.0 mg L-glutamine a day to gastric ulcer patiants (25 cases), duodenal ulcer patiants (4 cases) and gastritis patiants (superficial gastritic 3 cases, hypertrophic gastritis 2 cases) was found as the following.
1) The remission of subjective symptom to 25 cases gastri ulcer (patiants) was 90 % within a month. And the vanishing of ulcer judging by the gastro-camera and X-ray was 52 % within a month.
2) The duodenal ulcer was reached almost the same treatment effect with the gastic ulcer.
3) Judging from gastro-camera, gastritis (superficial gastritis and hypertrophic gastritis) was considered to get well narmal within 5 weeks.
4) The side-action was found as consipitation in 3 cases.

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