It has been well known that when there exists some functional disturbance in one side of the kidney or nephrectomy is applied, the kidney of the other side undergoes compensatory hypertrophy Attempts to know, however, the intensity of this hypertrophy by simple clinical measure have not been active
This author investigated, on X-ray picture, the significance of the measurement of renal area in relation to the duration, intensity or completion of the compensatory renal hypertrophy.
First of all, on normal X-ray picture of the kidney, mersurements were made on the long axis, width, the area of kidney, calix, the angle formed by the renal axis and the median line, width/longaxis · 100, and also their difference between right and left.
Then, this author demonstrated the presence of significant correlation with 99% confidence between the height and renal long axis, Pignet-Vervaeck's body index and renal area as well as between the chest and the maximun renal width. The reason why correlations were investigated was because the in vivo morphological changes of the kidney might better be understood in this manner rather than the simple discussions of the size of kidney on X-ray films.
In addition, measuments were made on the area, long axis and the width of the residual kidney on the 10th, 20th, 30th, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 2 years after nephrectomy in order to know the respective rate of hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was found to advance rapidly for about 20 days after operation and thereafter it was found to diminish gradually following the elapse of time. By the end of 6-12 months, the area showed an increase of 12-16% and it appeared that the compersatory hypertrodhy was completed.
Lastly, an investigation was made on the adequacy of employing the determination of renal area as the basis for the discussion of renal hypertrophy. As the result of this investigation, it was found that the rate of hypertrophy determined by the calculation of the renal area was virtually in agreement with that determined by the calculation of the renal volume, and the curve drawn by this rate of hypertrophy showed parallel relationship, though slightly lower, with the curve of hypertrophy determined by body index, height and the circumference of the chest demonstrating the possession of sufficient value for clinical application.
Namely, the determination of the area of healthy side kidney can tell the presence or absence or intensity of compensatory hypertrophy and also it supplies inf orrnations to know the state of functional disturbance on the diseased kidney, or when the patient undergoes nephrectomy, it helps the observation of the convalescence of the residual kidney as well as the patient himself.

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Cobalt greenpole in a daily dose of 10 mg was injected intramuscularly into the patients suffering from the leucopenia of post-operative irradiation.
Leucocytes increased in all cases, thoug irradiation were continued. No regular changes were observed in the erythrocytic count, Hb content an the ratio of leucocytes except monocytes which appeared to have increased. No side effects were observed in all the cases trcated by cobalt greenpole.

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Reported herein are the findings of a female patient aged 41 suffering from the mixed tumor formed on the right side of the palate.
The patient was cured by extirpation of the tumor.
Further, literatures on the subject are reviewed.

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Rough type originated in the aged broth culture of smooth type mutabile type variant (Murase) of Salmonella typhi, Both the smooth type and the rough type were sensitive to galactose each developing a clear inhibition zone in the seedlayer at a concentration of approximately 0.8-1.6 γ per 0.01 ml by the use of galactose paper disk method of the authors' laboratory.
MT, the daughter type of the mutabile type variant known to be resistant to galactose, was derived from the culture in galactose medium. Peculier new type colonies hemmed with wet translucent material were detected among the colonies of MT variant. Sometimes, they formed so-called phage-bitten colonies. This wet translucent material was proved to be the pure culture of the mutabile type variant itself. This new colony, therefore, was tentatively called as labile-MT because of its easiness in reversing to the mutabile type variant.
The galactose sensitivity of this labile-MT was nearly the same as that of the mutabile type variant, though the inhibition zone was vague because of the proliferation of galactose resistant MT in the inhibition zone which might be clear with out its growth.
These facts may indicate that drug sensitive organisms may develope from the resistant ones even under the harmful influence of the drug necessitating some considerations for the clinical application of antibiotics as well as for the studies of the mutation phenomenon of bacteria.

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1. In the present study, various dilutions of ectromelia virus (E. V.) were inoculated into the chorioallantoic cavity or amnionic cavity of developing eggs. In the former, observations were made on the biological charanges produced by successive transplantations in the eggs and mice as well as the pathological changes produced in the embryonic liver. In the latter, observations were made on the changes produced in such biological and pathological findings by the use of different virus concentrations.
2. In the first experiment, the group received amnionic inoculation showed stronger changes than the group of chorioallantoic inoculation and, moreover, these changes were gradually weakened by repeated transplantations.
3. In the second experiment, too, the group received amnionic inoculation presented stronger changes than the group of chorioallantoic inoculation. Especially, the tissue destructive changes were strong and they were weakened by the inoculation of higher dilutions.
4. As for the changes produced by E. V. in the liver of embryos, predominant correlaton was found to exist between the reticuloendtherial system and the spread of lesions.
5. Changes produced by the inoculadtion of E. V, are characterized by tissue destructive ones. It is considered, moreover, such tissue destructive changes are mostly in parllel relationship with the changes of circulatory disturbance.

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1. In the preset study, surveys were made on the pathogenesis and tissue destructive changes of hydropic lesions, especially, vacuoles and cysts formed in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and the tissues surrounding the spine of the embryonating eggs on the 10th, 15th and 20th day after administration of nicotine.
2. Portions developing hydropic changes stain weakly and being swollen to PAS and on silver stain they show the state of fine pieces. In the foci, PAS stainability becomes still weaker and indistinct and on silver staining they show fine granular appearance. They become translucent and finally it becomes difficult to recognize any argentaffine substance.
Formation of foci in this manner is colliquative necrosis which is due to the hydropic necrosis. 3. Of distinct hydropic changes, the appearance of subcutaneous circumscribed hydrops was 62%, while that in the tissues surrounding the spine was 58%. The latter type of hydrops, though the rate of appearance was slightly lower than the other, are considered to be important as the primary foci for the formation of cysts and vacuoles.

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1. A female patient aged 47 was diagnosed as the case of mammary cancer by the examination of the test material taken from the right side mamma and the patient received bilateral mammectomy. Metastasis to the both lungs, liver, dexter ventricle, right side adrenal, ovary, thyroid gland and to the lymphnodes of the portal region, peribronchus and peripancreas developed within 1 year and 7 months. Some considerations were given on the autopsy findings.
2. The beehive or paved stone like arrangement of the cancer cells observed on the tissue samples prepared from the test material was also recognized on the autopsy materials taken from the lesions of the lung, ventricular wall, liver, adrenal, thyroid lymphnode.

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There are a number of studies done on the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer, but most of them are based on animal experiments. And, moreover, the studies on the histogenesis of human gastric ulcer are scarce. In this connection, histological investigations were made on the gastrectomized materials having the mucous membrane with necrotic lesions on an extremely early stage.
As the result of these investigations, pictures of the development of acute necrotic lesions and their healing as well were demonstrated on the apparently normal gastric mucosa of 6 cases in the first part of the study. And, the appearance of extremely shallow acute ulcers were demonstrated on 2 cases in the second part of the study. As controls for the above mentioned studies, in vestigations were made on the artificially induced damages on the gastric mucosa of 5 normal cases. Thus, the erosions and ulcers observed in the first and second studies were proved to be the features of those which have developed spontaneously.
Bückner proposed digestion theory on the basis of the findings of animal experiments done by the administration of hydro-chloric acid into the stomach. While, in the present study, Bückner's theory was confirmed by the findings of the histological pictures of the early stage of the development of acute erosion and ulcer on human materials.

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Stated in the following are the findings of a single subcutaneous injection of nicotine 5 mg/kg made on rabbits.
Total protein concentration of serum showed the lowest value at 6-9 hours after injection of Nicotine without demonstrating any remarkable changes in the proportion of each protein fractions.
Following the elapse of time, after injection, amounts of total circulatory plasma, blood and . extracellular fluid (thiocyanate space) showed a tendency to reduce.

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Weanliing male rats of wistar strain were divided into 3 groups. The second group was placed upon a synthetic low phosphorus rachitogenic diet (P≅O) for five weeks. The third group was fed with the same rachitogenic diet for five weeks, but from the fourth week, when skeletal changes were pronounced, vitamin D was administered orally. The first group was fed with normal synthetic diets added with vitamin D and served as controls.
In each experiment, all animals were sacrificed at the same time, and one femur was taken for the determination of citric acid, the other for glucosamine and both tibiae for ash content. The following results were obtained.
1. Rats weighing 53 gm reached the weight of 134 gm when they were fed with normal diets. They made a gain of 39 gm, however, when kept on a low phosphorus rachitogenic diett without any appreciable increase by the administration of vitamin D.
2. Radiograms of the knee joints of rats fed with low phosphorus rachitogenic rations showed a transversal separation in the epidiaphyseal region. Excessive calcification, however, was observe in a form of tumor at growing and after administration of vitamin D orally.
3. Percentage of the ash of tibiae was greatly lowered in groups of rats placed on the low phosporus rachitogenic diet with or without vitamin D in comparison with control rats. Slightly reduced bone bone ash was found in rats on rachitogenic rations with vitamin D in comparison with the rats without it.
4. The femur contained more citrate when the rats were on the low phosphorus ration than wher they received normal diets. Vitamin D was not effective in increasing bone citrate in rats with rachitogenic rations. These data do not support the data of other investigators that the amount of citrate in bone is increased by the administration of vitamin D necessitating further examination on this point.
5. Twice as much glucosamine was found in the femur of rats kept on rachitogenic diets with or without vitamin D as that of the rats recieved romal diets.

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It was reported by Sobel and coworkers that rickets developed in young rats when carbonate of the normal synthetic diet was replaced by strontium carbonate, and that this strontium rickets failed to respond to vitamin D. It might be postulated that the changes observed by Sobel and coworkers had resulted from the feeding of a low P diet and had not been due to the action of strontium.
In this experiment, 2% strontium carbonate was substituted for calium in the normal synthetic diet and was fed to young rats.
Young male rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group received the normal diet. The second received strontium diet lacking in vitamin D. The third group received the normal diet followed by vitamin D 11 days after.All animals were sacrificed after 25 days. After 14 days, the roentgenograms of strontium-fed rats showed charactristic rachitogenic changes in the epidiaphyseal region of tibiae and femora. The rats in the first group weighed 53 gm at the beginning of the treatment and 32 gm after 25 days, while the second and third groups gained to 82 and 73 gm respectively at the time of sacrifice. The ash contents of tibiae in the second and third groups Showed 38 and 40% respectively and represented the inhibitory action of strontium on calcification when compared with the first group whsch contained 53% ash.
The average citrate content of the femora of rats in the second group was 2.8 mg/g and it differs significantly from the first group which contained 4.7 mg/g of citrate. In the third group, the citrate content was 3.6 mg/g, but there was no significant difference from the second group. More than twice as much hexosamine, which represented indirectly the state of acid mucopolysaccharide, was observed in the femora of the second and third groups in comparion with that of the first group.

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In the previous report, the author has shown that young rats became rachitic when they are fed on diets containing strontium carbonate substituted for calcium. This rickets might be caused by the deficiency of calcium in the diet and it does not always depend on the inhibitory action of strontium ions upon the bone cell which plays an important role in calcification.
In the present experiment, about 3% of strontium carbonate was added in normal synthetic diet and given to young rats. After 17 days on the diet, a marked double line was abserved on roentogenograms at the border zone of the metaphysis and diaphysis in the femora and tibiae. The average of the percentage of bone ash in the tibiae of the strontium groups decreasdd significantly in comparison with the normal diet groups. The citrate content of the bone of strontium rats was the same as normal rats. Glucosamine concentration, however, in the bone of strontium rats increased about three times as much as that of the normal rats.

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