日本植物病理学会報
Online ISSN : 1882-0484
Print ISSN : 0031-9473
ISSN-L : 0031-9473
2 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 松本 巍
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 65-69
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    前報文に於て既に述べたる如く、大豆紫斑粒病原菌の分生胞子造生は頗る稀なれども、今日までに觀察せられたるものを、更に追加せんとす。殺菌せる大豆病粒をペトリー皿に入れ、盛岡高等農林學校病理學實驗室 (冬期にして、室温晝間18-23℃. 夜間5-18℃) に放置したるに、十日程して病粒上に分生胞子の造生せられたるを認めたり。察するに、この造生は温度と密接なる關係を有するものゝ如し。何となれば、この菌の分生胞子造生に要する適温は菌絲發育に要するそれよりも稍々低く、今日までの觀察に依れば15-20℃との間に位す。尚且この胞子は一般に濕度及び温度高き場合には造生後直ちに發芽し得る傾向あれども、低温の場合に於ては、造生後直ちに發芽せずして、そのまゝ殘存すればなり。上記の外尚分生胞子は病莢の内面、又は葉、莖及び子葉等に現出する紫褐色の病斑點、或は10%ブドウ糖混入の馬鈴薯寒天上等にも往々認められたり。
    本菌は上述の分生胞子の外尚屡々厚膜胞子をも形成す。但しこれは前報文に於て述べたる厚膜胞子類似菌絲とは異るものなり。
  • 逸見 武雄, 野島 友雄
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 70-88_2
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. アヅマタケは學名を Polyporus orientalis Lloyd と稱し、1912年C. G. Lloyd の命名に係はるものにして、文献中 Polyporus orientalis Mumemura と記したるものあれども後者は誤なり。現在海外に於ける産地不明なり。
    2. アヅマタケは現に近畿地方より九州に亘りて廣く分布蔓延し、主として松樹の根に寄生し、松樹衰弱の原因をなしつゝあるものゝ如し。松樹以外の二三針葉樹及濶葉樹の根と思はるゝものに發生したる本菌の子實體を採集したることあれども、斯の如き場合極めて稀なるを以つて、赤松及び黒松以外の寄主に就きては尚姑く疑團を保留す。
    3. アヅマタケは通常菌傘と菌柄とよりなり、菌柄は太くして短く、最も型的に發育したる菌傘は不正圓形を呈し、其表面は淺く凹陷して漏斗状を呈するも、多くの場合は不整形にして、又往々菌柄を缺如す。割合に硬質なれども、一年生にして冬期腐朽す。菌傘の表面は銹褐色を呈し、微細なる密毛にて被はる。
    4. 著者等は諸種の試藥に對するアヅマタケの黄色々素の呈する反應を檢し、本論文中に其結果を記載せり。
    5. アヅマタケを16種の異る培養基上に純粹培養したるに、乾杏煎汁の液體寒天兩培養基上に於て最も旺盛なる菌絲の發育をなせり。
    6. アヅマタケの菌絲の發育に對する最高温度は恐らく攝氏38度前後にして、32度前後より24度前後に於て發育一般に旺盛なり。著者等の實驗に在つては培養基の種類によりて異りたるも28度前後又は32度前後に於て最大の數字を示したるを以つて、最適温度其兩者の中間にあるものと認む。最低温度は12度を降ることあまり遠からざる處にあるものゝ如し。
    7. アヅマタケの寄生を受けたる赤松の根は早晩枯死し、其材質部中に White pockets を生ずるものなれども、斯く完全に腐蝕する迄には相當永き日數を要するが如し。White pocket の内部に充滿せる白色纎質物は純粹なるセルローズ質物の反應を呈するを以つて、本菌はリグニン溶解菌と認むることを得。
    8. アヅマタケの菌絲は松樹の根の村質部中に在つて、或は有縁孔を貫通し或は自ら細胞膜に穿孔して蔓延迷走す。
  • 西門 義一
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 89-98_2
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The present paper deals with the yellow blight of wheat leaves caused by a species of Helminthosporium, which seems to have no previous records.
    2. The name Helminthosporium Tritici-vulagaris n. sp. is suggested to designate the fungus, the diagnosis being given in the preceding paragraph.
    3. Investigations on the present fungus were carried out chiefly on the morphological characters of the conidiophores and the conidia, produced on the host plant in field and also on culture media.
    4. The parasitic nature of the fungus under considerartion has been ascertained by successful inoculations on wheat leaves.
  • 栗林 數衞
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 99-117
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The present paper is intended to report the experiments on the mode of overwintering and the primary infection of Piricularia Oryzae, the causal fungus of the blast disease of rice plants.
    2. The conidia on any parts of the diseased rice plants or the mycelium within the tissue of the diseased spots must be considered as the principal overwintering organs of this fungus.
    3. In the present experiments, conidia on the diseased straw and seeds kept in dry condition at room temperature retain their vitality during more-than one year, but those kept on the soil, as well as in the barnyard manure, lost their vitality in the next spring.
    4. The mycelia in the diseased tissue which kept in dry condition alive far longer than the conidia under the same condition, and in the case of diseased node, the mycelia retain their vitality more than 1058 days, while those under the moist condition lost their vitality at the middle of April in the next year.
    5. The overwintered mycelia abundantly produce conidia on the surface of the substratum under the moist condition. The luxurious formation of conidia occurs in temperature from 18°C. to 30°C.
    6. The conidia which overwintered on the diseased straw, as well as those formed on the surface of the diseased tissue under the moist condition, are capable to infect the healthy rice plants. The conidia on the surface of apparently healthy seeds which taken from the diseased rice plants and the mycelia penetrated into the tissue of partially blasted-seeds give rise the wilting of rice seedlings when the seeds are planted in the next year. Thus they may serve as the most important source of the primary infection of this fungus.
    7. To control of the blast disease of rice plants, some treatment on the diseased straw and seeds must be needed. For the severely attacked straw, its burning or mixing to barn-yard manure and fodder is the best method. Moreover, hot water treatment is recommendable for the affected seeds.
  • 馬鹿苗病及び馬鹿苗現象生成に關する考察
    瀬戸 房太郎
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 118-139
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. 稻馬鹿苗の組織中より分離せらるゝ Fusarium 菌は、稻馬鹿苗病發生に關與することを得。然れども馬鹿苗の組織中より分離したる Fusarium 菌の總てが必ず之に關與するや否や尚疑問あり。
    2. 稻馬鹿苗の組織中より分離せらるゝ Fusarium 菌は、健全に發芽せる稻苗に後より侵入して馬鹿苗を生ぜしむることを得。
    3. 供試馬鹿苗病菌は稻苗に對して、稻イモチ病菌 Piricularia Oryzae Br. et Cav., 稻胡麻葉枯病菌 Helminthosporium Oryzae Breda de Haan, 稻紋枯病菌Hypochnus Sasakii Shirai 等が示す如き生長抑制性の病原性を現はすことなく、却て之を徒長せしむる性質を具有す。
    4. 供試馬鹿苗病菌培養濾液は、病原菌の存在なくとも稻苗を徒長せしめて明に馬鹿苗病的徴候を呈せしむることを得。然れども此現象は、馬鹿苗の組織中より分離されたる Fusarium 菌に依りてのみ惹さるる特有なる現象には非ざるものゝ如し。而して此現象を起し得る菌が總て同一種の菌なりや否やに就きては尚不明なり。
    5. 稻胡麻葉枯病菌 Helminthosporium Oryzae Breda de Haan, 籾より分離したる一種の Helminthosporium 菌〔松浦氏(10)報告第二號菌〕等の培養濾液は、著者の實驗せる状態の下に於ては、稻苗の發育を抑制せしめ、決して馬鹿苗現象を生成せしめず。
  • 鑄方 末彦
    1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 140-158_2
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The writer, during recent years, has been engaged in the study of the disease of the insect-powder plant (Chrysanthemum cienrariifolium (Trev.) Bocc.) in Okayama prefecture, and found out that following six kinds of diseases exist on the host: the blight (Diplodia chrysanthemella), the small sclerotium disease (Sclerotinia minor), the large sclerotium disease (Sclerotinia Libertiana), the sclerotium wilt (Hypochnus centrifugus=Sclerotium Rolfsii) the fusarium wilt (Fusarium sp.) and the septoriose (Septoria chrysanthemella)., All fungi causing these diseases except the last one, were isolated and cultured purely, and their pathogenisities were proved respectively by the inoculation experiments. Among the diseases, however, more extremely prevalent are the blight, the small sclerotium disease, and the large sclerotium disease. The fusarium wilt may be serious but not so prevalent, other diseases being minor importance.
    (1) The blight. This disease caused by a species of Diplodia, which is hitherto undescribed and named here the writer as Diplodia chrysanthemella nov. sp.. The description of this species is as follows.
    Pycnidia immersed or erumpent, flaskshaped or irregular, black, 60 to 141μ usually about 100μ in diameter. Pycnidia prodaced on pure cultures are somewhat larger, being on acid standeard agar 81 t0 360μ on boild potato 200 to 340μ, and on mannit agar 115 to 300μ. Pycnospores ellipsoid unicellular and hyaline when young, but usually two or rarely three celled and brown or light olive when matured; 6-13μ×3-6μ, generally 6-9μ×3μ in average 11μ×3.6μ. The measurements of pycnospores produced on the culture media do not differ from natural ones. Conidiophores are very short and slender. The fungus flourishes well in various media and produces pycnidia.
    It attacks the leaves, leaf-stalks, flowers and stems and causes leaf, stem or ray blight of the host.
    (2) The small sclerotium disease This disease caused by the attack of Sclerotinia minor Jagger, a species which is known to be found the lettuce, celery and other crops causing their decay disease in America. It is very interesting to know its occurrence in Japan. No report ever appeared on this fungus from this country. Sclerotia are very small, having onion seed appearance; 0.2 to 4mm. mostly 0.5 to 2mm. in diameter, irregular. Apothecium produced usually one, rarely two from single sclerotium; disc saucer shaped, 0.5 to 2mm. in diameter: stalks slender 2 to 5mm. long, 0.3 to 0.5mm. in diameter. Micro-conidia formed on the culture media but not in nature. The measurements and the morphological characters of the asci and ascospores agree with Jagger's original description. The inoculation experiments proved that this fungus attacks the insect-powder plants, and also Artemisia vulgaris, Gnaphalium japonicum, Lactuca brevirostris, Asteromaea indica Erigeron linifolius, lettuce and celery. It attacks the host in the parts of the stem and the leaf tauched to the soil at first, so that the plant soon began to wilt and to decay or dry out, and finally forms numerous sclerotia on the decayed area.
    (3) The large scleroatium disease. This disease caused by a welt known fungus Sclerotinia Libertiana Fuck. The symptom of the disease is very alike to that caused by Sclerotinia minor, but the shape and size their sclerotia, produced on the host plants or the culture media are very different. The measurements of the size of naturally produced sclerotia of this species are 2×2mm to 12×7mm., in average 6×3.6mm. So both species can easily be distinguished even on the host plant.
    (4) The sclerotium wilt. It caused by Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc.=Hypochnus centrifugus (Lév.) Tul., a fungus which is very widely distributed and attacks many other cultivated plants in this country.
  • 1928 年 2 巻 2 号 p. 159-167
    発行日: 1928/10/26
    公開日: 2009/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
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