巻号一覧
23 巻 (1958)
- 5 号 p. 207-
- 4 号 p. 159-
- 3 号 p. 111-
- 2 号 p. 63-
- 1 号 p. 1-
23 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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田杉 平司1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 63-64
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (140K) -
III. タバコモザイクウイルスの増殖におよぼす thiosemicarbazone 化合物の影響下村 徹, 西川 陽之助, 今泉 照男1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 65-68
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリー植物ウイルス病の化学療法にかんする研究は,動物ウイルス病のそれの進展とあいまつて,近年盛んに行われるようになつてきたが,実用化の段階にはまだ遠いのが現状である。しかしながら,動物ウイルス病の場合は,過去数十年におよぶ研究の成果から,合成物質によるウイルス増殖抑制の手がかりもふえて,系統的な研究が容易になりつつあることは事実である。
それら合成物質のうちで,ベンゼン核を含むthiosemicarbazoneが二十日鼠の牛痘ウイルスに対して効果のあることが,Hamreらにより報告されたが,その後Thompsonらによりその多数の誘導体について,化学構造と効果との関係が詳細に研究された。またSchlegel & Rawlinsはbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazoneがタバコ・モザイク・ウイルス(TMV)に対しても,抑制効果をもつことを示した。西村らはthiosemicarbazone化合物のインフルエンザウイルス増殖えの影響を化学構造との関係から検討したが,著者らは西村から同じthiosemicarbazone化合物を譲りうけ,TMV増殖えの影響を調べ,その一部はすでに速報したが,その後の結果をも含めてここに報告する。
起稿にあたり,終始御指導を賜わつた平井教授,また貴重なサンプルを供与され,種々有益な助言を賜わつた北里研究所秦部長,西村民男の両氏にあつく御礼申しあげる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (247K) -
II. オオムギ縞萎縮病ウイルスについて (その1)宮本 雄一1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 69-75
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーオオムギ縞萎縮病の生態及びBYMVの性質を知るために,ガラス室及び圃場においていくつかの実験を行つたので,現在までに得られた結果を報告する。
(1) 罹病植物汁液を用いて摩擦接種を行つたところ,葉に接種した際には20～30%,根に接種した場合は0～5%の割合で感染した。BYMVは種子によつては伝播されない。又圃場における発病様相からみて,本ウイルスは少なくとも地上部を加害する昆虫によつては,伝播されぬものと思われる。時期はずれの高温期に行つた播種及び汁液接種試験の結果はすべて陰性であり,BYMVもまた類似の土壌伝播のムギ類ウイルスと全く同様に低温期においてのみ感染するものなることを確認した。罹病植物を磨砕して埋没した土壌に連年播種したところ,2年間は全く発病を見なかつたが,3年目の現在(II-1958)に至りわずかながら発病個体を認めた。わが国内外のオオムギ栽培品種及びオオムギ野生種など合計約90種の植物のBYMVに対する反応を調べた結果,一般に皮ムギは感受性,裸ムギは抵抗性なる傾向が認められた。
(2) 罹病植物の環境条件と病徴との関係を知るための実験では,化学肥料の追肥及び環境温度の上昇がそれぞれ症状をかなり軽減させた。
(3) 播種時に病土層が種子下15cm以上の距離にあればほとんど感染しなかつた。土壌中におけるBYMVは60℃10分間以上の処理でその病原性を失つた。これらの性質に基いて火焔焼土器を考案し,これによる防除試験を行つて良好な結果を得た。また,この処理がマンガン欠乏症に対しても又オオムギの発芽及び生育に対しても頗る良い影響を与えた。
(4) 播種時の種子が根も多少出ている状態であれば,単に水に浸漬しただけのもの,あるいは芽を切つた状態の種子を播種した場合に比べて,感染率は2～3倍に高まつた。
(5) BYMV汚染土壌を土壌学的方法により種々の大きさの粒子に分けてその病原性を調べた結果,10～50μ及び50μ附近の粒子においてわずかな病原性を認めたのみであつた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (600K) -
松井 千秋, 山田 正視1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 76-78
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe localization of tobacco mosaic virus rod particles (common strain) within the diseased tobacco leaf was observed under the electron microscope by means of the ultra-microtomy, and the results were as follows:
Fig. 1. Thin section of epidermal cell.
Fig. 2. Thin section of a guard cell of stoma.
Fig. 3. Thin section of epidermal hair.
Fig. 4. Thin section of slightly diseased palisade tissue cell.
Fig. 5. Thin section of heavily diseased palisade tissue cell.
Fig. 6. The mass of virus rod particles within cytoplasm.
Fig. 7. Thin section of X-body in palisade tissue cell.
Fig. 8. Thin section of sieve tube.
Fig. 9. Thin section of xylem.
C: chloroplast.
CP: cytoplasm.
CW: cell wall.
DC: disintegrated chloroplast.
SP: sieve plate.
UW: upper wall.
V: TMV.
X: X-body.
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水稲体内のポリフェノールについて脇本 哲, 吉井 甫1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 79-84
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーMore than eight polyphenols were found in the leaves of rice plant by paperchromatograph. The main four of them gave red color reaction, while the others developed yellow color by Arnow's reagent under alkalinity. The former four polyphenols seem to have ortho-dihydroxy phenyl in their constitutions. Relative quantities of these polyphenols in rice plant were studied in relation to growing stages, plant parts, amount of nitrogen fertilizer supplied, plant varieties and infection by certain diseases.
Polyphenol contents of the leaves of rice plants increased gradually with the growth of plants and reached maximum at the tillering stage.
Leaves showed higher contents of polyphenols than the other parts of rice plant such as leaf sheath, neck and basal part of culm. Larger quantities of polyphenols giving red color reaction by Arnow's reagent were found in general in the varieties resistant against rice blast than in the susceptible varieties. Quantity of some polyphenols in the Chinese varieties such as Dojinkyo and Sento differed from the Japanese varieties such as Aikoku, Asahi no. 1 and others. As the effect of the nutritional conditions on the polyphenol contents of rice plants, experimental results show that the more the nitrogen fertilizer given the less the polyphenol contents in the leaves.
Generally, the polyphenol contents in the leaves, especially certain polyphenols, increased when leaves were infected with rice blast or Helminthosporium leaf spot pathogens.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (410K) -
赤井 重恭, 福富 雅夫1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 85-89
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーIn the present paper the writers reported the results of investigations conducted on the change of chlorophyll content in the leaves of rice plants affected by downy mildew.
The contents of protochlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were measured from the diseased and healthy leaf samples. In the healthy leaves they decreased with the descending order of the leaf arrangement, and in the diseased leaves they increased. The difference in chlorophyll content between the healthy and diseased leaves was detected more markedly in the newly developed leaves, but was rather obscure in the lower leaves. The ratio of three components of chlorophyll was nearly alike in both the healthy leaves and diseased leaves.
The distribution of the wave-length absorption of the ether-extract of chlorophyll did not change with the incidence of the disease nor with the order of leaf arrangement.
By the time the diseased rice leaves have developed to maturity, the hyphal vesicle of the causal fungus, which is rich in plasma, is changed into oogonium. In Digitaria adscendens, however, the diseased leaves may have considerable hyphae and hyphal vesicles even after forty or fifty days after the maturity of the leaves. In such leaves, the chlorophyll content also increased as in the case of lower leaves of rice plants. The lower content of chlorophyll in the upper leaves seems not to be attributable to decomposition as caused by the metabolites secreted by the hyphae of the causal fungus.
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河村 貞之助, 平野 和弥1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 90-96
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe eggs of the root knot nematode in the root gall develop in the form of egg-mass embedded in a protective jelly. The egg-masses cause damage to the crops next season. Under favorable conditions they hatch quickly and become free in the soil. The larvae which are the second stage in the development of the nematode move and infect host plants.
Studies were made in order to find out the environmental conditions which might hinder the hatching of eggs. Conditions such as high and low temperatures, desiccation, direct sunlight, ultra-violet rays, and hydrogen-ion concentration were tested.
In Meloidogyne incognita var. acrita, the hatching of eggs were hindered by the temperatures below 0°C while it was inhibited at -6°C for 20 days or -10°C for 5 days. In M. hapla the inhibition took place when exposed at -10°C for 20 days.
The resistance to high temperatures in the two varieties of nematodes was likewise similar: hinderance to hatching occurred at above 40°C, while at 42.5°C for 20 minutes or 45°C for 5 minutes inhibition took place.
The response of the nematodes to desiccation was more delicate. Between 85±2% and 70±2% air humidity the hinderance to hatching was remarkable, while at 70±2% for 2 hours or 60±1% for 1 hour the complete inhibition was observed.
Exposure to direct sunlight for 4 hours caused complete inhibition of the hatching of eggs.
Ultra-violet rays did not cause inhibition at an exposure of 5 hours. Within the limits of experiments performed, hydrogen-ion concentration had least effect upon the hatching of eggs of the nematodes.
The hatching process of eggs showed specific type when the eggs were exposed to desiccation and direct sunlight. The hatching process of them were normal for other conditions tested, except the ultra-violet rays which was intermediate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (530K) -
(その1) 数種抗生物質の検定に及ぼす植物体汁液の影響並びにソラマメによる吸収・移行見里 朝正, 浅川 勝, 福永 一夫1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 97-101
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリー(1) By assaying on a 4-ml agar plate(soluble starch 1%, yeast extract powder 0.1%, agar 1.5 %) seeded with a spore suspension of Piricularia oryzae, Antimycin A could be detected at a concentration of 0.01mcg/ml, Blasticidin at 0.05 mcg/ml and Blastmycin at 0.003mcg/ml. Antimycin A and Blastmycin were assayed by the paperdisc method and Blasticidin by the cup method.
(2) Antimycin A and Blastmycin in plants were extracted by methanol and Blasticidin by the pH 5.0 buffer solution. The juice of leaves of untreated tomato had antibiotic activity against P. oryzae, and conversely that of rice or broad bean promoted its growth. Methanol extracts of leaves of untreated tomato, rice or broad bean gave inhibition zones. Therefore the buffer or methanol extracts of leaves were assayed, after being diluted with buffer or methanol to the concentration in which the plant tissue had no effect upon P. oryzae.
(3) Zone sizes of Blasticidin were smaller in broad bean leaf extract than in the buffer solution ; but they were about the same in rice or tomato extract as in the buffer solution. Approximately 80 % of the antifungal activity of Blasticidin decreased in broad bean leaf extract. Zone sizes of Antimycin A and Blastmycin were smaller in rice leaf extract than in methanol, but about the same in tomato or broad bean extract as methanol. Approximately 70 % of the antifungal activity of Antimycin A and Blastmycin decreased in rice leaf extract.
(4) When the cut stems of broad bean were placed in solutions containing 5-10mcg/ml of Antimycin A, Blasticidin and Blastmycin, antibiotics were absorbed and translocated upward to leaves. Leaves were found to contain only 0.1-0.3mcg/g of Antimycin A or Blastmycin, or 3.0-6.0mcg/g of Blasticidin after several days. But no antibiotics were detected in leaves of root-treated plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
北島 博1958 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 102-103
発行日: 1958年
公開日: 2010/01/12
ジャーナル フリーThe author reported in this paper about the influences of air temperature to the incubation period of black spot disease of Japanese pear. The results are summarized as follows.
No difference was recognized on the percentage of spore germination in various temperature, 12, 16, 20 and 28°C in water drops on glass slide, but the length of germ tube after 16 hours was not similar, as 256μ, in 28°C and 108μ in 12°C.
Healthy pear leaves were inoculated with the spore suspension and then treated as follows:
1-3. Kept in wet chamber at 24°C, 16°C and 12°C, respectively.
4. Kept in wet chamber at 16°C after incubated at 24°C for 4 hours.
5. Kept in wet chamber at 12°C after incubated at 24°C for 4 hours.
When inoculated leaves were incubated at 24°C, the lesions appeared after 24 hours. On the other hand in 16° or 12°C, the lesions appeared after 2 or 3 days respectively.
The incubation period was not shortened when the inoculated leaves were incubated at 24°C for 4 hours, which were sufficient time for the fungus invading into the host tissue, before they were removed to 12 or 16°C.
From these experimental results, the following consideration may be done that the influence of air temperature to the incubation period of the disease is due to the reaction of mycelial growth of causal fungus in host tissue after invasion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (216K)
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