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2 巻, 3 号
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宇田 道隆1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 107-111
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe shoal of “Katuwo” [Euthynnus vagans (Lesson)] is often found associated with either sea-birds, drifting timbers, whales, sharks, or what not. The association with sea-birds or whales is almost clcaracteristic to the shoals of this fish found in the districts south to Prov. Bosyu, whereas the shoals associated with sharks are mostly distributed in the northern districts. Such difference of the distribution corresponds to that of oceanographical conditions, particularly of salinity (Figs. 1, 2 and Tab. 1).
The denseness of crowd and the degree of biting are represented quantitatively with the index-numbers k and q respectively (Tabs. 2 and 3), viz., k=m+0.1n/m+n, where m and n are the number of records of dense and thin crowds respectively, and q=3p2+2p1+p0+0.5p-1+0.1p-2/p2+p1+p0+p-1+p-2, where p2, p1, p0, p-1 and p-2 are the mumber of records of very good, good, medium, poor and very poor biting respectively. The index-number of fishing value of a shoal defined by N'/lt. where N', l and t are the total number of fishes angled, the numberof rods used and the duration of angling respectively, varies with the product Kq (Tab. 6). But, since N' is not exactly proportional to t (Tab. 5), the above-mentioned index number is only an approximate one.
The relation between the degree of biting of “Katuwo” and the quantity of the contents of their stomach (Tab. 4) seems to be explained by taking the time required for digestion into account.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
宇野 道夫, 宮本 秀明1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 112-114
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOf a definite size and quality as they are, the netting cords vary considerably in their breaking strength. Such variations may be due, amongst others, to the physical heterogeneity of the constituent fibres and to the unevenness in the twisting of the cords.
In the present experiment, several kinds of netting cord, 1m long, were used. The breaking strength, Tkg, the diameter at any point, Dmm, the weight per unit length, λg/m, and the ultimate elongation, e%, were measured respectively, and the mean, m, for 100 samples of each kind, the standard variation, σ, for the same (Tab. 1) and the coefficients of correlation, r, (Tabs. 2 and 3) were calculated.
The results may be summarized as follows:-(1) With the same quality, the mean value of breaking length, mT/mλ is larger when the average tightness, mλ/m_??_, is greater (e. g., ramie and Japanese hemp as shown in Tab. 1). (2) As regards hemp cord of the same quality, the coefficient of correlation between the strength and weight per unit length, rTλ and rTλ.D is largerwhen the variability of tightness, σρ/mρ, is smaller (Japanese hemp as given in Tab. 2), where ρ is the weight per unit volume; but the correlation in question is neglisible in ramie yarn. (3) The correlation between the strength and ultimate elongation seems to exist in ramie and Manila hemp, but it is not the case with Japanese hemp whose bundle of fibres runs in the form of very thin ribbon (Tab. 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (173K) -
木俣 正夫1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 115-117
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTrimethylamin has been known to be produced from cholin and lecithin in the putrefactive pocess. It was thought that betain is similar to these compounds in construction and might produce trimethylamin as a decomposed product. Therefore, I have studied the decomposition of betain, which is contained in the muscle of cuttle-fish in great quantity, by the action of Pseudomonas fluorescens.
In the first place, I made a synthetic medium which is free from the nitrogen- and carboncompounds, consisting of 500c.c. of water, 1gr. of K2HPO4, 0.5gr. of MgSO4, 0.5gr. of NaCl and trace of FeSO4 and Ca3(PO4)2. This p-oved to be suited for the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens. In the second place, to 500c.c. of this synthetic medium 1 gr. of betain hydrochloride was added and neutralized with N NaOH. In this medium was cultivated for 3 weeks at 28°C. Pseudomonas fluorescens. Then MgO was addel to the culture which was afterwards distilled by means of the steam distillation. The volatile alkali obtained in the distillate were determined by the WEBER and WILSON's method(2), and the WQODWARD and ALSBERG's method(3).
From the results of the experiment, it is clear that trimethylamin was not produced from betain, but ammonia was formed from it by the action of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Moreover organic volatile acids, alcohol and amino acids were not found as the decomposition products.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (148K) -
山村 彌六郎1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 118-120
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBROTZU(2) has defined the onset of putrefaction of calf meat in terms of its pH-value and amount of amino acids. TILLMANS and OTTO(3) have given that of fish muscle relative to the content of ammonia and amino acids. The present experiments were made with a view to obtain the relation between the pH-value an I putrefactive degree of fish muscle. Twenty-two kinds of marine fishes were used, their names and general chemical constituents being given in Tab. 1. All the fishes were in a condition shortly after rigor mortis. They were minced, put into flasks which were plugged with gum stopper in order to prevent invasion of microorganisms and evaporation of water. The flasks were then kept in thermostat which ran mostly at 17°C, but sometimes at 6.4°, 9.5° or 22°C. At intervals the material was taken out; the pH-value was estimated colorimetrically, and ammonia content was determined at the same time employing FOLIN'S method. The results of experiments are as shown in Fig. 1. It is seen that there is a linear relation between pH-value and ammonia-content irrespective of the temperature. The correlation coefficient was calculated : r=+0.875±0.0038 (Tab. 2). Putrefactive odour was emitted, as TILLMANS and OTTO reported, when the ammonia-content reached to 30mg. per 100 grams of muscle.
It is known from the regression line which was obtained in the calculation of correlation coefficient that the mean pH-value at the beginning of putrefaction for 22 kinds of fish is 6.5.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (143K) -
永田 米作, 野口 榮三郎1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 121-123
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRoll-mops herring is prepared by pickling salted herring in ca. 5% acetic acid solution seasoned with sugar. With a view to study its softening which occurs in summer we have first determined the decomposition of salted herring muscle in relation to pH-value and temperature of the medium by measuring the increased soluble nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen, with the following results.
1. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show that the optimum temperature for the decomposition of salted herring muscle at pH 3.7 ranges between 25°C and 35°C.
2. The degree of decmposition in a non-antiseptic condition depends on pH-value of the medium, increasing with it within the limits of 4.2 and 3.3 at 35°C.
3. Nearly the same experimental conditions as given above hold true for the autolyzing decomposition in an antiseptic condition, experiments being carried out at 37°C.
4. The two curves plotted in Fig. 6 showing the relation of the decomposing degree and pH-value in the antiseptic and non-antiseptic conditions run parallel with each other. In the acidic medium below pH 4.2, common putrefactive bacteria can not grow but yeast only does. The fact that the decomposing degree in antiseptic condition is less than that in non-antiseptic condition may probably be due to the presence of antiseptics and to the unfavourable temperature (at 37°C).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (160K) -
田内 森三郎, 安田 秀明1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 124-127
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFormerly, we set to project a plane net from one side of an aquarium (Fig. 1), and observed the direction in which a fish-group moves away on passing the free end of the net, after having moved along the side and the net Namely, we measured in many fish-groups the angle, φ, between the produced line of the projecting net and that direction for several values of the angle, θ, between the projecting net and the side of aquarium along which the groups had moved on. The obtained results are as follows: The value of θ differs with fish-groups for a constant value of φ, and the frequency distribution curve of θ has a normal form. The mode of φ decreases as θ increases, but the frequency at the mode increases. This relation holds only when another group does not exist near the free end, when a group moves away on passing that end. When another group exists near the free end, it attracts to some extent a group which goes on along the projecting net. In this case, the attracting effect increases as the angle, φ', between the line of sight of attracting group at the free end and the produced line of the net decreases and as the distance, s, of attracting agent from the free end decreases. A group in motion has a stronger effect than at rest.
The present study was made to know how a fish-group would be attracted. The method taken in this study was the same as stated above, i.e., the frequency distribution of φ. was obtained in any case whatever an attracting agent was put near the free end of projecting net or not. An example of the distribution is given in Fig. 2. In this figure, curve I represents the distribution of control, i.e., the case where any attracting agent was not placed. Curve II is the distribution in the case where two attracting agents were placed near the end of projecting net. Curve II1 is the distribution selected in such a manner that it is similar to I and it coincides with II in the direction which deviates for from the agents. Curve II2 represents the resulting distribution in consequence of the subtraction II1 from II. Curve II2 thus obtained was of normal form in most cases where a single agent was placed. When two agents were placed at the same time subtending a large angle at the free end of projecting net, curve II2 could be divided into two normal distributions II2' and II2" The two distributions may be supposed to be due to those two attracting agents.
Assuming that the distribution II1 belongs to the groups which were not influenced by the agent and that the distribution II2 to the attracted groups, we measured the strength of attracting effect of the agent in terms of the percentage of the area beneath the curve II2 to that beneath the curve II.
The strength of att ?? acting effect of various agents thus obtained, and the mode and the quartile deviation of the distributions I, II1 and II2 (II2' and II2" separable if possible) are given in Table 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (235K) -
富桝 建造1933 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 128-141
発行日: 1933/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (9187K)
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