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58 巻, 6 号
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堀木 信男1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1007-1013
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe community composition of fish eggs and larvae occurring in the Kii Channel and adjacent waters were studied in relation to seasonal changes in the characteristics of sea areas. Analyses of similarity index indicated that the community composition of fish eggs and larvae were different between the inner part of the channel and the open sea, especially notable in winter. Thus the waters studied could be divided into three sea areas, the inner and outer sea areas and the boundary zone. The last named was usually observed at the entrance of the channel, with some degree of seasonal fluctuation in location and development. These results corresponded well with the seasonal characteristics of local oceanography such as the location and strength of the front, and the degree of sea water exchange through the Kii Channel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K) -
堀木 信男1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1015-1019
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSpecimens of synodontid eggs and larvae were sorted from samples of vertical hauls with 45cm plankton samplers made at 36 stations in the Kii Channel and adjacent waters over the 13 years from 1967 to 1980. Specimens of juveniles were also collected from the commercial catches ofminnow-net boats operating in the channel.
The present study suggested the following: Saurida elongata spawnsmainly in the southern part of the Kii Channel frommay to July. S. undosquamis and S. wanieso spawn widely but sparsely in the coastal waters outside the channel and twomonths later than S. elongata. Hatched larvae of the two last named are carried, while growing, into the inner part of the channel by the inflowing current which dominates from summer to fall.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (345K) -
阪地 英男, 東海 正, 佐藤 良三1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1021-1027
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes the growth and maturation of Metapenaeopsis barbata and discusses the presence of the short life generation previously stated. The shrimps were collected by a small trawl in 1987. Monthly changes in carapace length distribution and gonad somatic indices (GSI) were obtained. Carapace length distribution was usually bimodal except during the period from July to September. The larger cohort was one year older than the smaller cohort. The lifespan was estimated at two years. Rapid growth was observed from July to October in the female and from June to November in the male. The spawning season was from June to October, when the temperature of habitats were higher than 18°C in the area. In females, the 2-year-old cohort matured one month earlier than the 1-year-old cohort. This species could therefore have two spawning seasons before death. However, the 0-year-old female cohort never matured. Consequently, no short life generation was observed in this area.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (474K) -
山田 真知子, 末田 新太郎, 花田 喜文, 竹内 良治, 城戸 浩三, 籔本 美孝, 吉田 陽一1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1029-1036
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe recent appearance of marine animals in Dokai Bay, northern Kyushu, was revealed with the first biological investigation in about twenty years following the improvement of water quality in the bay. Fishermen had not been able to catch any fish in the bay between 1943 and 1980, due to excessive water pollution caused by the discharge of untreated liquid waste from Kitakyushu's heavy industry and chemical production factories.
Qualitative investigations were carried out at three stations, once each season from May 1989 to January 1990, using a small trawling net and two gill nets.
Seventy-one species of marine animal were confirmed to have appeared in the bay: 5 species of molluscs, 30 species of arthropods, and 36 species of fishes. The total number of species and total catch weight increased gradually from the inner part to the outer part of the bay. The lowest occurrence of aquatic animals was observed in summer at the inner part of the bay where no biota zone had been found, however a large quantity of Acanthogobius flavimanus and a few young stages of Penaeus japonicus and Charybdis japonica recovered there in winter. It is suggested that the bay is used as a growing ground for the entire life cycle of Oratosquilla oratoria.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (583K) -
金 碩鍾, 今井 健彦, 菊川 浩行1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1037-1042
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the sinking characteristics of weighted netting, a basic study in purse seine. The experiment was carried out using five simplified model nets in a flume tank under still water condition. The mean densities (ρ) of netting materials were 0.91g/cm3 for A net, 1.14 g/cm3 for B net, 1.38g/cm3 for C net, 1.70g/cm3 for D net, and 2.10g/cm3 for E net. A number of spherical tiny leads were attached separately on the net surface so that each of the models will have the same weight in water. The Reynolds number of nettings used ranged from 7 to 170.
Differential equations were derived from the conservation of momenta of the model nets and used to determine the sinking speeds of the depths of leadline and the other portions of nets.
The results were as follows:
1) Sinking speed was fastest for A net, followed by B, C, D, and E nets.
2) The drag coefficient of netting was estimated to be 0.025 (ρ/ρω)3.
3) The drag coefficient of netting bundle was estimated to be 0.91 (ρ/ρω).
In all nets, the calculated depths of leadline closely agreed with the measured ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (382K) -
林 多恵子, 山川 紘, 松生 洽1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1043-1047
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe change in phototactic response of the striped beakperch Oplegnathus fasciatus and the preferred illuminance level were investigated. Furthermore, the occupation limit from bright-ness into darkness was also examined.
Larvae one day after hatching, with a total body length of 2.1mm, floated near the sea surface, but eyed larvae two days after hatching, with a length of 2.4mm, migrated to the brighter water area when they were in an illuminance of less than 2, 500lx. Larvae at this stage already had a noticeable phototactic response. Juveniles 25 days after hatching, with a length of 10 to 14mm, and 45 days after hatching, with a length of 18 to 22mm, gathered in the brighter water area during the low illuminance level from 90 to 750lx, while at an illuminance of more than 2, 800lx their behaviour was distracted. In this stage of juveniles, an illuminance level of 750 to 1400lx was favored. The occupation of juveniles from brighteness into darkness was limited by the horizontal gradient of illuminance, and the value of gradient that they could not enter was anything over 3%/cm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
松村 靖治1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1049-1055
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe catch of young flying fish, Cypselurus hiraii and Cypselurus heterurus doederleini, by boat seine fishery in the northrn coastal waters of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan shows wide yearly fluctuations. The effects of five factors on the fluctuations were recognized by multiple regression analysis using data from 1976 to 1987. The factors are as follows: annual catch of adult flying fish by 9 set-nets in the coastal region of Yamaguchi Prefecture (X1); average surface water temperature in July (X2) and catch by FADs of dolphin fish as predators in August (X5) in the offshore region of Yamaguchi Prefecture; days of north-east wind at Hirado Meteorological Station, Nagasaki Prefecture (X6); and number of boat seine belonging to Ikitsuki Fisheries Cooperative Association, Nagasaki Prefecture (X7). The relationship of the annual catch of young flying fish at Ikitsuki Fisheries Cooperative Association (Y) to these factors is as follows:
Y=-2221.9+0.210X1+96.287X2-1.765X5+4.040X6+8.139X7
The regression is significant at the 1% level. The estimated annual catch closely follows the trend of the actual catch. The actual values of the catch in 1988 and 1989 are within the confidence margins at the 95% level. Thus, the equation can be used to predict the catch for the next fishing season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (474K) -
村山 司, 宗宮 弘明, 青木 一郎, 石井 丈夫1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1057-1061
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to understand the visual ability of baleen whale, the distribution of ganglion cells in the retina of minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata was examined. The mean diameter of ganglion cells in the retina of minke whale was 42.9μm, which was greater than those of terrestrial mammals. The distribution of the ganglion cells in the retina was irregular and two high density areas existed in the temporal and rostral sectors. The rostral and temporal areas of high density seem to be related to side vision and frontal vision, respectively. Cell density measurement gave a visual acuity value of 4 cycles/degree (7 min of arc). This value for the minke whale did not differ greatly from those of other cetaceans and was similar to some terrestrial herbivorous mammals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1717K) -
赤繁 悟, 伏見 徹1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1063-1071
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTriploidy was induced in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas by treating newly fertifiized eggs with cytochalasin B in July 1987 and 1988. Growth, survival, glycogen content, and moisture content of triploid oysters cultured in the waters of Hiroshima were investigated.
In the spawning season (July to September) shell height, total weight and soft body weight of diploids decreased or failed to increase, while those of triploids continued to increase. At the end of September the mean values of shell height, total weight and soft body weight of triploids were 1.0 to 1.2, 1.4 to 1.9, and 1.8 to 2.5 times respectively as much as those of diploids. The difference of soft body weight between diploids and triploids suggests that diploids lost 44 to 60% of wet soft body weight or 56 to 67% of dry soft body weight as gametes spawned.
Condition index, which means the ratio of soft body weight against total body weight including shells, decreased sharply in diploids in the spawning season owing to mass spawning, while this sharp decrease was not observed in triploids.
In diploids, the moisture content of the soft body, which was around 80% before the spawning season, increased 83 to 84% in the spawning season. But in the case of triploids, moisture content was at a low level of 77 to 82%.
The glycogen content of diploids decreased to a low level of 2.7 to 5.4% on a dry basis according to gametogenesis, while that of triploids was at a high level of 8.5 to 16.9%.
These results are due to the retardation of gonado- and gametogenesis.
Mortality of triploids was about half of diploids from September to November, which suggests that the decrease in physiological activities must be smaller in triploids than in diploids because of the retardation of gonado- and gametogenesis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (559K) -
深見 公雄, 湯澤 篤, 西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1073-1077
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA bacterium 5N-3 possessing a remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth of Gymnodinium nagasakiense was isolated from Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi. This bacterium was tentatively identified as Flavobacterium sp. The growth inhibiting effect of 5N-3 on G. nagasakiense was drastic in particular when the alga was in the logarithmic growth phase, and cell density decreased to less than 1% of the initial concentration within 4 days after inoculating 5N-3, indicating that the effect was algicidal. The effect was obtained when the density of the bacterium was more than 106 cells/ml. However, they grew very rapidly up to 108 cells/ml by using extracellular released organic carbon from various phytoplankton species. On the other hand, the algicidal effect of 5N-3 was only observed on G. nagasakiense but not on Chattonella antiqua, Heterosigma akashiwo, or Skeletonema costatum. These results indicate that the effect of 5N-3 was G. nagasakiense-specific and suggest that it grows to a level of cell density effective in inhibiting the alga in the field by using naturally oc-curring organic carbon from phytoplankton.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
村山 司, 会田 勝美, 羽生 功1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1079-1082
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe chichibu-goby Tridentiger obscurus exhibits a distinct annual reproductive cycle, and spawns repeatedly during its sapwning season. In the present paper, reductions in ovarian activity following repeated spawnings during the spawning season are described.
Yearling fish were sacrificed in the middle and at the end of the spawning season, and ovarian histology, distribution of oocyte diameter, estradiol-17β (E2) production, and pituitary gonadotrophic activity were compared between the two periods. E2 production by the ovary fell significantly at the end of the spawning season, suggesting a decline in ovarian activity with the approach of the close of the spawning season.
These results are discussed in relation to the physiological condition of the ovary due to repeated spawnings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
越塩 俊介, 金沢 昭夫, 手島 新一1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1083-1089
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn a series of studies to search for an optimal protein source for larval Penaeus japonicus feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimal combination of several protein sources with crab protein concentrate (CPC) on the larval development, growth, and survival of P. japonicus when fed on microbound diets. Although the addition of squid meal, brown fish meal, white fish meal, and krill meal to CPC improved larval performance compared to the single use of CPC, the magnitude of improvement by them was not as great as that by casein and soybean protein (SBP). In the diet containing both CPC and squid meal as the protein source, more CPC in the diet produced a poorer performance of larvae particularly at low levels of protein. Besides casein the best com-bination for larval development was CPC and SBP. The development, growth, and survival of larvae did not deteriorate when fed on CPC-SBP diets containing less than 30% of SBP.
This study demonstrates that plant protein like SBP rather than squid meal as an additional source to CPC is available for good development, growth, and survival of larval prawn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (504K) -
上西 由翁, 御木 英昌, 西元 諄一1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1091-1094
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo study the effects of urea on the denaturation of myosin B prepared from smooth dogfish, myosin B was kept at 20°C for 10 min with various concentrations (0-3.0M) of urea, and the reduced viscosity was measured as a parameter for structural changes in myosin B. The decrease in the reduced viscosity of myosin B containing urea above 1.0M was similar to that of myosin in the presence of urea, However, the reduced viscosity of F-actin was slightly affected by urea even above 1.0M.
The reduced viscosity of myosin B did not recovered to its initial level through the removal of urea at concentrations above 1.0M urea, but that of myosin recovered perfectly through the re-moval of urea at concentrations up to 3.0M urea. In the presence of urea above 1.0M, myosin B irreversibly dissociated into myosin and actin. Therefore, it is concluded that the urea denaturation of myosin B would be attributed to its dissociation into myosin and actin as well as the conforma-tional changes of myosin molecules in the presence of urea above 1.0M. Accordingly, shark myosin B is fairly stable under physiological concentrations of urea below 1.0M.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (238K) -
方 力行, 湯 志廣, 李 棟〓, 陳 一鳴1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1095-1102
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon is cultured in barckish water ponds for better growth rate by farmers despite being a marine species. This study on the free amino acid (FAA) variation in the hemolymph and muscle of the prawn in different salinities revealed that the composition of FAA in the hemolymph of 30‰ acclimatized prawns was similar to that in the muscle, indicating this is indeed a physiologically marine-adapted species. The composition of FAA in the muscle from prawns acclimatized to different salinities were similar to each other. The very high concentration of FAA which belong to essential amino acids in the hemolymph of 15‰ acclimatized prawns suggested that these FAA could be more available for tissue to take up at this salinity. Significant amounts of urea were found in the hemolymph of 45‰ acclimatized prawns, suggesting that urea was purposely kept as an inexpensive osmolite. The ability to use urea to adapt to a high salinity environment in invertebrates might have developed long before sharks and rays adapted urea as an osmolite.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (511K) -
徳武 謙一, 望月 篤, 松宮 政弘1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1103-1106
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe seasonal variation of lysozyme activity and six principal constituents of the short-necked clam, Tapes philippinarum, collected off the coast of Funabashi City was investigated over a period of 12 months. Lysozyme activity was assayed in the use of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells as substrate. A high lysozyme activity in the short-necked clams collected in December and a low activity in those collected in April were observed. The lysozyme activity and water content of the whole body were positively correlated. On the other hand, the lysozyme activity and glycogen con-tent, which is closely related to the ponderal index, were negatively correlated. It appears that the lysozyme activity of the short-necked clam increases when the body constituents are physiologically exhausted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (244K) -
内田 直行, 渡辺 正治, 垣内 麻由美, 安斎 寛, 西出 英一1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1107-1113
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA novel carp plasma fibronectin, together with a typical plasma fibronectin reported previously (designated as carp plasma Type I fibronectin, CpFN-I, in this paper), was isolated by sequential column chromatographies on thermally denatured carp skin Type I collagen (carp gelatin)-Se-pharose, arginine-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B. This plasma protein could be separated from CpFN-I, because of its low affinity for the carp gelatin column. Judging from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in reducing and unreducing conditions, this protein preparation contained a single 205 kDa component together with a negligible amount of other related components. The protein resemble CpFN-I and bovine plasma fibronectin in amino acid and carbohydrate compositions, and was very similar but not identical to CpFN-I in peptide maps obtained by digestion with several proteases. However, it differed clearly in molecular size from CpFN-I. This plasma protein also showed immunological cross-reactivity to antiserum against CpFN-I. These results suggest that this protein is a novel plasma fibronectin, which is closely related to but distinct from CpFN-I. Thus, we tentatively named this novel glycoprotein carp plasma Type II fibronectin (CpFN-II).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2406K) -
小杉 玲, 百田 裕, 河合 茂樹, 大貝 秀雄, 石岡 宏子, 原 彰彦1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1115-1122
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRed sea bream growth hormone (rsbGH) was produced using a secretion plasmid which con-sisted of the signal sequence of E. coli β-lactamase and a cDNA of rsbGH. In the periplasmic space of E. coli cells harboring the secretion plasmid, three isofroms of GH that were immunoreactive to anti-salmon GH serum and had a molecular weight of approximately 22, 000 were found. One of the immunoreactive GH was shown to be physicochemically identical to the natural rsbGH in the pituitary extract of red sea bream, having pyroglutamic acid at the N-terminus and an isoelectric point of 6.2. Receptor binding activity of the purified recombinant rsbGH was confirmed by using the membranes of red sea bream liver.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2136K) -
佐藤 秀一, C. Young Cho, 渡邉 武1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1123-1127
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of feces collection intervals on the digestibility of feed in rainbow trout was determin-ed in order to substantiate nutrient loss from the feces collected by the Guelph System and TUF column. Feeding experiments were conducted using two different diets, and feces and surround-ing water were collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15h after the final feeding.
There was no significant difference in the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein and lipid during collection intervals between data obtained from the Guelph System and TUF column. The ADC of dry matter and energy by the Guelph System exhibited the same trend as protein, but the ADC of dry matter and energy by TUF column at 3h was slightly lower than that at 6h or above.
The results obtained have demonstrated that the effect of fecal retrieval intervals on the ADC is very minimal, and hardly and leaching of nutrients occurs from the feces collected with either the Guelph System or TUF column. Thus, it is proved that the Guelph System and TUF column are suitable equipment for collecting feces from salmonid fish to test digestibility.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
二村 義八朗, 板垣 和朗, 難波 謙二1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1129-1137
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIodometric colorimetry is applied for measuring COD(Mn), using hydrogen peroxide as the mediator. It saves time, space, and chemicals without degradation of accuracy. The method can be applied to any digestion method which uses permanganate. The remaining permanganate is reduced by hydrogen peroxide at pH 1-2, where the peroxide is stable. If the silver ion for masking halides remains in the digested mixture, it is made to settle on the reduction by an excess of sodium chloride. The supernatant of digested mixture is transferred to 0.3M KI in the acetate buffer (pH 5-6) which contains molybdate (catalyst). As the peroxide oxidizes iodide within 2 min, the formed triiodide is colorimetrically measured at 353nm within 2h of reaction. Blank increase by air oxidation can be ignored during this time. The method of controlling the pH of the reaction mixture is also described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (688K) -
黒島 良介1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1139-1144
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of cadmium exposure on the concentrations of blood plasma electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) in the carp Cyprinus carpio and the girella Girella punctata were examined.
In the carp, all four electrolytes examined decreased significantly after 24-h exposure to 0.3mg Cd/l. The total calcium concentration in plasma decreased significantly during the camdium ex-posure. The depression of the total calcium concentration in plasma depended on the ambient cadmium concentration. The total magnesium concentration in plasma increased significantly after a transient decrease.
In the girella, the plasma concentrations of sodium and total magnesium increased significantly and the concentrations of potassium and total calcium showed a tendency to decrease during the exposure to 10mg Cd/l. However, the decrease of the total calcium and potassium concentrations in plasma did not necessarily depend on the cadmium concentration in the seawater.
The results of the study suggest that cadmium of high concentrations could increase the electro-lyte permeability of the apical plasma membrane of the obsorption site, and that the uptake of potassium and calcium from water into the body of fish could be particularly inhibited by lower cadmium concentrations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
森友 忠昭, 野田 宏治, 山口 格, 渡辺 翼1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1145-1149
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo study the regulation mechanisms of carp granulopoiesis, we injected Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into carp and measured the effect of FCA on (i) colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in serum, (ii) colony-forming cell response in hematopoietic tissues by using the semi-solid agar culture technique. Inlection of FCA caused a high level of serum CSA, which began to reise 1 day after injection. Peak activity occurred after 6 days, at which time CSA was 2.5-10 times higher than that of the pre-injection level. FCA-injection also increased the number of colony-forming cells in hematopoietic tissudes. When the hematopoietic cells obtained from non-injected carp were cultured, little or no colony formation was observed. But when the hematopoietic cells from FCA-injected carp were cultured, more than 40 colonies were formed. The colonies were mostly composed of basophilic granulocytes. A few neutrophilic granulocytes were also observed in the same colonies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1122K) -
宇野 和明, 青木 恭彦, 上野 隆二1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1151-1156
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe pharmacokinetics and tissue levels of an antibiotic, oxytetracycline, were determined after oral administration (100mg/kg body weight) in cultured rainbow trout, amago salmon, and yel-lowtail. Oxytetracycline levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum levels of oxytetracycline in three fish species could not be fitted to compartment pharmaco-kinetic models with first-order absorption. The area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) were 32.1, 58.7, and 38.4 (μg •h/ml) for rainbow trout, amago salmon, and yellowtail, re-spectively. The mean residence time calculated from AUC were 50.3, 24.6, and 43.3h for rainbow trout, amago salmon, and yellowtail, respectively. Biological half-lives (T1/2) of the serum were 23, 16, and 28h for rainbow trout, amago salmon, and yellowtail, respectively. The T1/2 of muscle in yellowtail was shorter than those of the two salmonids. Oxytetracycline residues persisted in the liver of the three fish species. Elimination times were 22, 21, and 21 days for rainbow trout, amago salmon, and yellowtail, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (429K) -
山森 邦夫, 出口 進, 前原 栄世, 松居 隆1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1157-1162
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLethal effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) on 6 species of nontoxic marine crabs, as well as effects of the toxins on their nerves, were investigated. There was wide variance among species examined for the lethal effect of TTX and STX. The tolerances of nerves are almost compatible to lethal tolerance with the exception of Hemigrapsus sanguineus. This species showed relatively high resistance to TTX, but its nerve was at almost the same level of tolerance as those of other TTX-sensitive crabs. In order to elucidate the mechanism for high TTX-resis-tance in H. sanguineus, nerve tolerance was measured in the presence of its body fluid. The body fluid reduced the effect of TTX on the nerves, while no effect was observed for STX. It is also con-firmed that pre-injection of the body fluid of H. sanguineus into a mouse was effective to some extent in protecting the mouse from TTX attack.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
三浦 靖, 高柳 敏紀, 西村 彰夫1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1163-1169
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe cryoprotective effects of hydrogenated linear oligosaccharides on the denaturation of walleye pollack-surimi proteins stored in a frozen state at -30°C were studied by measuring the total activity of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase and evaluations of the gelling properties of surimi.
It was found that the cryoprotective effects of hydrogenated linear oligosaccharides (DPn 2.7 and MWn 462) were similar to those of sucrose and D-sorbitol without any deteriorative influences on the properties of surimi or kamaboko. It was also discussed that the cryopro-tective effects of polyols on the fish muscle proteins were correlated to the amount of un-freezable water in surimi.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (564K) -
熊谷 晶子, 広田 望1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1171-1178
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen Hizikia fusiformis chloroplasts were solubilized by a solubilization buffer prepared at a weight ratio for SDS: Triton X-100: chlorophyll (Chl) of 20:10:1, the solubilizing ratio was 82.8%, but it was 31.9% when using a buffer containing only Triton X-100 at a Triton X-100/Chl weight ratio of 25:1. When chloroplasts were solubilized by a buffer prepared at a ratio of 10:20:1 and subjected to SDS-PAGE, the area ratio of brown-orange zone IV to the free pigment (FP) zone was 0.283.
In the isolation of CPC from H. fusiformis by SDS-PAGE with the Tris-borate fuffer (Tris-B) system, the migrating degree of the FP zone became high in proportion to an increase in the elec-trophoretic time as compared with the migrating degree of CPC zones. In SDS-PAGE with the Tris-B system, the migrating speed of the FP zone was exceedingly high in comparison with that in the Tris-HCl buffer (Tris-H) system, and the migrating degrees of CPC (zones I-IV) were smaller than those in the Tris-H system.
By using the electrophoretic procedure with the Tris-B system the time could be shortened and the amount of FP could be reduced in comparison to that with the Tris-H system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (514K) -
日高 磐, 曾 〓, 神原 淳1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1179-1187
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe stimulatory effects of a total of 24 organic acids and glycolytic and citric acid cycle inter-mediates on the taste receptors of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were studied by recording the electrical responses from the facial nerve innervating the anterior palate.
The palatine receptors responded to L-lactic, DL-glyceric, pyruvic, glycolic, D-2-phosphoglyceric, oxalacetic, and propionic acids at 10-2M and pH 7.0-8.0. Their threshold was lowest for L-lactic acid, located at around 10-16M, as low as that of praline, the most potent amino acid for this fish. The thresholds of the other acids were 10-4M or higher. The fact that these acids were effective at neutral or weak alkali pHs suggests that the anion of these organic acids stimulates the receptors at this pH range.
The sensitivities of single fibers to L-lactic, pyruvic, and glycolic acids were also investigated. This revealed fibers which responded well to these organic acids, but also many fibers which did not respond to them, showing the non-uniform distribution of sensitivity to these among taste units in the palatine taste system of the yellowtail.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (686K) -
塩澤 光一, 手塚 百合子, 柳沢 慧二1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1189
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (104K) -
立原 一憲, 木村 清朗1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1191
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (107K) -
川合 祐史, 中里 孝史, 羽田野 六男1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1193
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (91K) -
和田 俊, リンゼイ ロバートＣ．1992 年 58 巻 6 号 p. 1195
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (121K)
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