巻号一覧
41 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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津田 良平1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーColour and size of an object change as a result of adhesive organisms after it is set under-water for a long time and results in a great difference in underwater visibility. Samples of articles hung in the sea and removed at different time intervals for examination in the laboratory of its luminous reflectance. Underwater visibility of net twines (blue, grey and natural twine) increases with the adhesion of organisms on the twines and it was found that in about 40 days after being set it increases about two fold. In the present estimation, the apparent contrasts increase rectilinearlly with the decrease of visual angles and the luminous reflectances of objects decrease with the increasing of the underwater visibility. Apparently, it shows that the optical properties of the adhesive organisms greatly influence on the underwater visibility.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (779K) -
蛙又結節網ならびに無結節網の耐摩性下崎 吉矩, 内海 秀明1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 7-20
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA series of frictional experiments were carried out the wear and tear of various fishing nets to friction, and these wear resistances of different nets were compared to each other, and an analysis made. This report is concerned with the results of trawler knot nets made of polyester and nylon, and knotless net of polyester. The following results were obtained.
1. It is concidered that the wear resistance of nets are related to the roughness of the net surface; and the more the coefficient of friction of the net, the less the wear resistance.
2. The wear resistance of trawler knot net rubbed to the lengthwise direction of meshes is exceedingly less than that of the same net rubbed to the sidelong direction. Accordingly, fishermen should take concideration of this fact when designing their fishing gear.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4399K) -
山本 喜一郎, 山内 晧平, 春日 清一1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 21-28
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEggs and milt used in this study were obtained from the male matured by the treatment with Synahorin and the female injected with salmon pituitary. And they were fertilized by the dry method and kept in normal sea water at 23°C.
1) Fertilized eggs of about 1.0mm in diameter were pelagic and showed a typical discoidal cleavage. Morula blastoderm were formed about 3 hours after insemination. Eggs in the blastula stage were seen about 5 hours later and showed a clear blastocoel. Gastrulation occurred about 91/2 hours after. When the blastoderm covered 1/3 yolk, an embryonic shield became clear. Thereafter, the embryonic body began to form, and the blastopore stage was completed 24 hours after fertiliza-tion. At that time the head and 10 somites were differentiated in the embryo.
2) Eye vesicles and ear vesicles were formed in the embryo 25 hours after, and the heart and 30 somites were discernible in the embryo 28 hours old. Then, the heart commenced pulse and an embryonic tail arrived at the ear vesicle region. Hatching began about 38 hours after. The embryos just after hatching measured 2.9mm in total length and had a large yolk sac. They had 40 somites. Very few pigments were recognizable only at the caudal region of the embryo.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1574K) -
山本 喜一郎, 山内 皓平, 森岡 孝朗1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 29-34
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe larvae of the Japanese eel, which were hatched from fertilized eggs obtained from silver eels matured artificially by hormone treatment and kept in sea water at 23°C, were observed.
1) The newly hatched larvae measured about 2.9mm in body length and had about 40 somites, Their mouths and anuses were still unopened. Their membranous fins developed well, but their other fins could not be found. Very few pigments were recognizable only in the caudal portion of the embryo.
2) The larvae survived for about five days. They respectively measured about 4.8mm, 5.3mm, 5.9mm and 6.2mm in body length on the second, third, fourth and fifth days respectively after hatching. By the sixth day, when the yolk sacs of the larvae were almost absorbed, most larvae showed a curvature of their tails. The average length of the surviving larvae was about 5.8mm.
3) By the third day after hatching, mouths and anuses opened and pectoral fins appeared. The brain differentiated into three parts, showing a large fourth ventricle. The larvae, on the sixth day, showed conspicuously developed jaws with clear tooth anlagen. Fifty-three preanal and about 48 postanal myomeres were counted in the larvae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2257K) -
解凍および蒸煮方法とオレンジミートの発生率との関係沢田 敏雄, 和田 卓, 長谷川 薫, 藤井 豊, 中村 邦典, 石川 宣次1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 35-41
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFrozen skipjack was thawed under various conditions and the changes in the amounts of glycolytic intermediates in the meat were examined in relation to the extent of orange discoloration.
1. The amounts of glycogen and D-glucose in the meat decreased remarkably under all the test conditions of thawing while the amount of lactic acid increased.
The amount of glucose-6-phosphate (G 6 P) in the meat was hardly changed when thawed in iced water or in still water but increased to 117-131mg/100g from 34-42mg/100g when thawed in running water or in air.
2. When thawed in running water or in air, a strongly orange discolored meat was induced on cooking, more often than when thawed in iced water or in still water. The conditions of cooking did not influence the orange discoloration.
3. When frozen skipjack prestored at -40°C was subjected to a temperature of 1-2°C for two days during the storage and finally thawed in still water, the amount of G 6 P in the meat increased to 246mg/100g from prethawing value of 122mg/100g. A strong orange discoloration was observed in all canned products prepared from the material treated in this manner.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 43-49
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe meat of four kinds of fish, eel, conger eel, yellowtail and horse-mackerel was roasted with seasoning composed of soy sauce and sugar and the flavoring volatiles formed were analysed by gas chromatograph. The head space vapor (H. S. V.) gas chromatograms obtained were similar to each other. Of the five peaks found in the H. S. V. of eel meat roasted with seasoning the largest one was identi-fied as ethanol and three small peaks as carbonyls.
On the contrary, only minor peaks were found in the H. S. V. of eel meat roasted without seasoning.
These results indicate that soy sauce and sugar are quite essential in the forma-tion of flavoring aroma of roasted fish meat.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (349K) -
酵素学的性状冨岡 治明, 山口 勝巳, 橋本 周久, 松浦 文雄1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 51-58
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPurified myosin from the spiny lobster was analyzed for enzymatic properties.
The ATPase activity of lobster myosin was enhanced by Ca2+ and EDTA, and was in-hibited by Mg2+ and TBS. Modes of effect of these and some other modifiers on the ATPase activity of this myosin were essentially the same as for rabbit myosin. In addition, Ca2+-ATPase activity of the lobster myosin decreased nearly proportionally with increasing KCl concentration, as in the case of rabbit myosin.
On the other hand, the pH -activity curve of this myosin showed two maxima, around pH 6 and 8, and both maxima were shifted to about pH 7 and 8.5-9 in the presence of Ca2+. In these respects as well as in exhibiting generally low ATPase activity under various conditions, spiny lobster myosin was more comparable with scallop myosin than with rabbit myosin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (382K) -
中村 孝, 豊水 正道1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 59-64
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーComponents of autoxidized methyl linolenate were fractionated on a Bio-Beads S-X3 column with benzene as the eluting solvent. The elution sequence was in the order of decreasing molecular weight: tetramer ?? trimer, dimer and monomer containing degradation products. This was confirmed by comparing their elution behaviors with those of authentic compounds, and by molecular weight analysis.
Discoloration potentialities of the eluted fractions were investigated by the treatment with nitrogenous compounds. In the case of the reaction with VBN prepared from Jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), or ammonia, only lipophilic discolored substances were produced, whereas in the case with non-VBN or amino acids, lipophilic and hydrophilic discolored substances were produced. Appapent differences in the discoloration potentiality-curves of lipophilic and hydrophilic discolored substances and the presence of degradation products which formed hydrophilic discolored substances by the reaction with non-VBN or amino acids but not with VBN or ammonia indicated that each discolored substance was produced by a different mechanism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (799K) -
中村 孝, 吉武 和人, 豊水 正道1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 65-71
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe role of nitrogenous compounds in the discoloration of autoxidized products of methyl linolenate and some characteristics of the purified discolored substances were studied.
Dimer, polymer and monomer fractions prepared from the autoxidized products by gel permeation chromatography were discolored with lipid free VBN and non-VBN from Jack mackerel (Trachrus japonicus). During discoloration, polymerization proceeded in the compounds.
Discolored substances, obtained from the dimer fraction and purified by gel permeation chromatography and solvent precipitation method, were analyzed by elementary analysis, infrared spectroscopy, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. Non-VBN-discolored substances contained 4.51%, nitrogen and possessed imine linkage. The nitrogenous moiety moved together with discolored spots on the paper. From the results, it was concluded that the nitrogenous compounds were incorporated into the discolored substances. On the other hand, VBN-discolored substances contained only 0.92% nitrogen, but further evidence supporting incorporation was not discerned. A possible explanation for this discrepancy in nitrogen content would reside in difference in the binding and elimination of nitrogenous compounds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (444K) -
コーン油含有飼料に添加したω3脂肪酸が成長と飼料効率におよぼう影響米 康夫, 藤井 正人1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 73-77
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLinolenic acid and/or ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (a mixture of 20:5 ω3 and 22:6 ω3) were incorporated at levels of 1% and 2%, respectively, into a corn oil control diet, and fed to red sea bream fingerlings. After a 45-day feeding period, it was found that the linolenic acid supplement did not improve the growth rate, whereas the ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sup-plement resulted in a marked improvement in the growth rate and feed efficiency. It is to be noted that highest growth rate and feed efficiency were seen in those fish fed a pollack residual oil which contained only trace amount of linolenic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (249K) -
魚体の脂肪酸組成におよぼすコーン油含有飼料に添加したω3脂肪酸の影響米 康夫, 藤井 正人1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 79-86
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRed sea bream fingerlings were kept on a corn oil diet, supplemented with 1% 18:3 ω3 and/or 2% ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and on a pollack residual oil diet. After a 45-day feeding trial, the general composition and the fatty acid composition of liver and muscle were determined. Fish fed on diets containing PUFA had higher contents of liver glycogen and muscle lipid than the fish fed the diet with or without the 18:3 ω3 supplement. Fatty acid analysis of liver phospholipid showed that the dietary 18:3 ω3 was converted into 22:5 ω3 and 22:6 ω3. Liver phospholipid of fish fed on diets with PUFA showed markedly higher level of 18:1 > fatty acids and lower levels of 20 < ω3 and 20 < ω6 fatty acids than those of fish fed the diets with 18:3 ω3, A relationship was recognized between the improve-ment of feed efficiency and the change in levels of 18:1 > fatty acids and 20<ω6 fatty acids in the liver phospholipid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (356K) -
キンギョによる水中PCPの吸収および排泄小林 邦男, 秋武 宏1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 87-92
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made of the absorption and excretion of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by goldfish, Carassius auratus. Three concentrations of PCP (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4ppm) were investigated, and it was found that the amount accumulated by the fish increased with time. The concentration factor after exposure for 120hr in 0.1ppm PCP was approximately 1000. Maximum accumulation was observed in fish exposed to 0.2ppm and showed a value of 116 μg-PCP/g-body weight.
PCP absorbed by the fish was rapidly excreted by active elimination. After 10hr in PCP-free water only half of the original amount remained. When fish which had been previ-ously exposed to 14C-labeled PCP were transferred to water containing non-radioactive PCP, both excretion into and accumulation of PCP from the medium were observed, i.e. the con-centration in the fish increased by the amount expected from absorption minus that expected from excretion until it reached a concentration of about 100 μg-PCP/g-body weight at which time mortality occurred. It was also shown that most of the PCP found in the fish had not undergone decmposition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
キンギョに吸収されたPCPの各組織への分布小林 邦男, 秋武 宏1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 93-99
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made regarding the turnover of absorbed pentachlorophenol (PCP) in various organs of goldfish, Carassius auratus, during absorption in a PCP-medium (0.2 ppm), its subsequent excretion in running water, and also its decomposition using 14C labeled PCP.
PCP absorbed by fish from the medium was accumulated in various organs, especially the gall bladder. The biliary concentration of PCP reached a value of 539 μg/g after a 24-hr exposure, and displayed a further increase even after fish had been transferred to clean, running water for 24 hr, whereas a decrease was observed in all other organs examined. PCP in the gall bladder eventually reached a level of 1, 077 μg/g, corresponding to a concentra-tion factor of 5, 400, which accounted for 41% of the total PCP detected in fish after transfer to running water for 24 hr.
Some decomposition of PCP in fish was confirmed by a slight increase in the specific activity found in the gall bladder. It is probable that a large proportion of the PCP and 14 C found in the gall bladder had been transferred from the hepatopancreas after detoxification by conjugation or decomposition.
The characteristic accumulation of PCP in the gall bladder indicates that fish can dispose of PCP by active elimination such as conjugation and decomposition, although BRODIE et al. (1962) have concluded that fish dispose of drugs by passive diffusion through the gills.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K) -
蛋白の一部をアミノ酸で代替した飼料による飼育試験弟子丸 修, 黒木 克宜1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 101-103
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPrawns, Penaeus japonicus, were kept on purified test diets, which contained casein-albumin (10:1), amino acids, and their mixture as a nitrogen source for 4 weeks. The level of the nitrogen source was settled at 50, 37.5 and 25% for both the protein and amino acid test diet, while at 50% for diets containing a mixture of protein and amino acids.
The best growth was obtained with the diet containing protein at a 50% level, followed by diets containing protein at 37.5% and 25% levels as nitrogen source in that order. The diets containing only amino acids brought about a very poor growth, low feed intake and high mortality, regardless of their levels in diets. Increase in the rate of protein to amino acids in the nitrogen source improved both growth and feed intake and lowered mortality, suggesting that free amino acids are far inferior to protein as nitrogen source for prawn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (193K) -
原 彰彦1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 105-113
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe sera of five species of Salmonidae, three of Cyprinidae and one of Anguil-lidae were analyzed by means of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The sera of some species were studied by salt fractionation and gel filtration with Sephadex G-200.
Electrophoresis revealed obvious species differences and individual variation. Most of the species showed only a minor γ-globulin fraction. The electrophoretic patterns of albumin were quite different between the Salmonidae and Cyprinidae; Salmonidae showed one or two clear bands while Cyprinidae showed an indistinct diffuse band.
Individual variations in chum salmon and rainbow trout were observed primarily in the albumin fraction, but in eel variations were observed mostly in the globulin fraction. Some proteins, which are considered to be related to egg components, appeared in the β region of chum salmon, kokanee salmon and rainbow trout.
Distinct species differences were also revealed by immunoelectrophoresis. The sera of species of the family Salmonidae revealed about nine precipitin lines with anti-chum salmon and anti-rainbow trout sera, but very few with anti-carp serum. On the other hand, fish of the family Cyprinidae revealed about seven precipitin lines with anti-carp, but showed only one with anti-chum salmon and anti-rainbow trout sera.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3784K) -
尾城 隆, 日比谷 京1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 115
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (760K) -
三谷 隆彦, 門田 元1975 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 117
発行日: 1975/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (93K)
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