巻号一覧
22 巻, 10 号
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川田 三郎, 田原 陽三1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 593-597
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA fish finder can be used not only for detecting fish schools but also for estimating the deformation of fishing gears under water. But a distant to the reflected object directly mesured from the fish finder has to be corrected because of beam angle and inclination of the object.
Only the shortest distant Z between the transducer O and the net A or N is measurable from the records of the fish finder but it may not always represent a vertical distance to the net (Fig. 1. ).
When the angle of declination of net bottom φ is smaller than θ, one half of beam angle of ultrasonic wave (Fig. 1-i), the deformation of net bottom can be traced as in Fig. 2.
But we are not sure which is larger, φ or θ. If φ is larger than θ, it is possible to trace the deformation of net bottom (Fig. 3.).
But φ may not be larger than θ, so we can not avoid some error to occur when φ is smaller than θ. This error σ is denoted as follow:
σ=cos(θ-φ)-1/ 1-sinθsinφ
Then, the relation between σ and φ may be indicated in Fig. 5.
Through our experiment conducted on the basis of the above treatment at Kokabe, Iwate Prefecture in November 1954, we have estimated the deformation of set net (Fig. 8) from the records shown in Fig. 7.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1050K) -
檜山 義夫, 草下 孝也, 近藤 圭吉1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 598-601
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis experiment regarding influence of colours of fish net, was performed in ordey to observe the frequency of transfer of fishes over several models of fencing net in a center tank. The tank is of wood painted white inside, 72cm. long, 52cm. wide, with a water depth of 20cm. (Fig. 1) The fish used were 10 individuals of Acheilognathus lanceolate (Yari-tanago) of average total length 4.5cm. and they were liberated in the tank. As model of under-water fencing nets, 5 tinplates 52cm. long and 14cm. high were painted with black, white, red, yellow and blue enamel. The tinplate as fencing net was kept under water in the center of tank, leaving a space of 6cm. between the water surface and the top of the plate. (Fig. 1.)
The number of transfer of fishes over the tin-plate were counted during 10 minutes on each colour plate. This was repeated for 29 times during a period of several days. (Table 1.) Averages of the frequency of transfer on each colour is shown in Fig. 2.
These averages, when compared, show significant difference. In almost all combinations the significance in level was 1 or 5% excepting combinations of red and yellow, and white and blue. (Table 2.) Therefore, the black, red and yellow have less stopping effects against the transfer of fishes. On the other hand, the effects of the white and blue are obviously more effective and these corresponded to a septum of semi-transparent vinyl film which was kept in the tank leaving only a space of 2cm. over it for the fish to pass through. Also, the effects of the red and yellow corresponded to the same septum which was kept in the water leaving a space of 6cm.
(Reference 17)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (256K) -
檜山 義夫, 草下 孝也, 近藤 圭吉1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 602-604
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe experiment on inclinations of a fish net, was done in a water tank to observe the frequency of transfer of fishes over several models of fencing net. The tank was of wood, 72cm. long, 52cm. wide, with water 20cm. in depth, the tank being painted white inside. The fish used were 10 individuals of Acheilognathus lanceolate (Yari-tanago) with an average total length of 4.5cm. and were liberated in the tank. As model of under-water fencing nets, 4 tin-plates with white enamel paint were bent at 90, 60, 45 and 30 degrees of facial angle against the horizontal surface and they were kept at a height of 14cm., keeping a space of 6cm. between the water surface and the top of plate (Fig. 1).
The number of transfer of fishes over the tin-plate were counted during 10 minutes for each inclination. This was repeated 10 times during a period of several days (Table 1). Averages of the frequency of transfer on each angle is shown in Fig. 2. These averages, when compared with each other, show significant differences. In almost all combinations the significance level was 1 or 5% excepting for the combination of 60° and 45° (Table 2).
The 90° plate had more stopping effect than any of the others. Decreasing the inclination of under water fencing net has, less stopping effect against the transfer of fishes; instead it accelerates the transfer. Therefore, the author suggests that attention should be paid to the inclination of the fish net.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (189K) -
三谷 文夫1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 605-608
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the present paper, the correlation of the annual catch of the yellow-tail, Seriola quinqueradiata T. & S., between any two prefectures along the Pacific coast of Japan, and also the patterns of the secular variation of the catch, have been statistically analysed, based upon the data from the Statistical Tables of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Japan during the period between 1915 and 1954. Though the definitive conclusions have been unable to obtain, the followings are conjectured:
1) Fishing-grouds of the yellow-tail along the Pacific coast of Japan may be grouped into the following three regions, mainly based on the correlation of the fluctuation in the catch;
A) The region including Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures.
B) The region including Ibaragi, Chiba, Mie and Wakayama Prefectures.
C) The region including Kanagawa, Shizuoka, Kôchi and Miyazaki Prefectures.
The first, as seen in Fig. 1A, is waving in the pattern of secular variation, the second (Fig. 1B) being in gradual increase and the third, (Fig. 1C) in gradual decrease.
2) Both Mie and Wakayama Prefectures correlate positively with both Ibaragi and Chiba Prefectures. The abovementioned coincidence of the catch between the separated areas may probably be due to the topographical similarity that all of the prefectures are located along the coast of a peninsula, the former two prefectures and the latter two forming Kii Peninsula and Bôsô Peninsula, respectively (Table 1).
3) It is noteworthy that the positive correlation is highly recognized in any two prefectures lying in Kii Peninsula and to the south-west of the same peninsula. The reason may be assumed as follows: the region come under a returnable area, where part of so-called southing shoals migrate north again, though probably staying for a while in the region. In addition, the drime fishing season relatively coincides with each other, and thence the hydrographic or meteorological variaton, which is considered as one of the most important factors to influence the fishing, commonly affects each fishing-ground in the region.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (354K) -
48°N以南水域を主とするサケ・マス分布と海況との関係田口 喜三郎1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 609-617
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStudy of the boundary and the migration of salmon population in the western north Pacific is growing rapidly in importance for the states surrounding the North Pacific.
Fortunately, oceanographic investigations have been made since 1934 by Dr. Aikawa, Mr. Okamoto, and Dr. Uda, and exploratory fishing has been made by ten research vessels of the Japan Fisheries Agency in 1956 season in the waters from 160E to 180°E Long. and from 38°N to 48°N Lat.
These investigations made it possible to determine the relation between the change of the distribution of salmon population and the movements of water masses as foollows:
1. With respect to the sphere of distribution, that of the salmon having Asian origin coincides with that of the dichothermal water which shows Oyashio current, and the southern boundary of this sphere lie along the belt where the Kuroshio runs against the Oyashio.
2. The sphere of the distribution of salmon population is different according to species, pink salmon appear in the waters from the west side of 160°E Long. to the 5-6°C water, waters adjacent to Hokkaido, red and chum salmon appear in the waters from the east side of 160°E Long. to the south offing of the Western Aleutians with 3-4°C water. Red salmon migrate to the offing of the east coast of Kamchatka, chum and pink salmon migrate to the east offing of the North Kurile Islands with the north or northwestward movements of water masses.
3. The variation of the sphere of distribution and the change in the course of migration in each species of salmon suggest a tendency for the sphere of the distribution of the Oyashio to be separated from its original area where each species of salmon descended to the sea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (717K) -
吉原 友吉1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 618-620
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper it has shown that the frequency curve of the catch may be represented apoximately the by logarithmic normal curve. In this paper it will be shown that when the catch is distributed by the exponential distribution, the logarithm of the catch may be represented by a frequency curve (3) which is very closely to the logarithmic normal distribution curve.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (136K) -
二,三の比較組織学的知見小栗 幹郎, 日比 谷京1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 621-625
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs the first step in the studies of the adrenal bodies in teleosts, histological observations were made on the head kidneys and the Stannius bodies of some fishes (Carassius auratus, Parasilurus asotus and Hexagrammos otakii).
The head kidney consists of lymphoid tissue containing histiocytes and blood cells of every kind. The acidophil cells surrounding the cardinal veins and their branches in the lymphoid head kidneys attract considerable attention. They are deeply stained with plasma stains. The groups of these cells were believed by some authors (BAECKER and GIACOHINI) to be homologous to the adrenal cortex of mammals. The existence of the chromaffin cells in the head kidney is affirmed by the chromaffin reaction. They have a close relationship with acidophil cells in the locality. The groups of the chromaffin cells are homologous to the adrenal medullary tissue of higher vertebrates.
In all three species of fishes investigated, the Stannius bodies are present, and are described by some writers (DIAMARE and VINCENT) as homologous to the adrenal cortex of mammals. Stannius bodies are composed of alveoli of various sizes, surrounded with the fibrous capsule, and resemble the interrenal bodies of elasmobranchs in histological structure.
The above mentioned acidophil cells and the parenchyme cells of the Stannius bodies are both free from lipoid droplets. It is observed that the cells of Stannius bodies are filled with siderophil granules, when they are fixed with Zenker-Formol solution and stained with Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin. In view of the observations described above, there are remarkable differences between the acidophil cells in the head kidneys and the cells of the Stannius bodies, and also the two types of cells are both quite different from the cortical cells of mammals.
However, it is not obvious what organs of teleosts correspond to the adrenal cortex of higher vertebrates. Further investigations on this problem are being carried out.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1456K) -
組織呼吸について河合 清三1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 626-630
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAmong various kinds of tissue, the rate of respiration was the highest in the gills and very low in such tissues as the adductor muscle and outer epithelium adhering to the inner surface of shell (Table 1). The amount of oxygen consumption of the gills, measured at 25°C., was higher in winter than in summer (Table 2).
The respiration of excised gill piece was blocked by cyanide, azide, αα'-dipyridil, salicylaldoxime and iodoacetate, and stimulated by methylene blue and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (Table 3, Fig. 1 & 2). The inhibition by salicylaldoxime seems to suggest that a copper enzyme might play an important role in the respiratory system of the gills as well as an iron enzyme, cytochrome oxidase, which has been previously proven by the writer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (386K) -
柿本 大壱, 金沢 昭夫, 柏田 研一1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 631-633
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBy using microbiological method, sixteen amino acids in the pyloric coeca of skipjack were determined, with the results shown in Table 2. Compared with the data 6) reported on the muscle protein of skipjack, concentrations of alanine, glutamic acid and histidine were found to be lower in pyloric coeca, whereas those of glycine, proline and tryptophan were higher. The response of lactic acid bacteria both to DL-amino acid and to L-amino acid was studied. It was seen that L-isoleucine was studied to be less responded than same amount of DL-isolcucine by Leuconostoc mesesenteroides and Lactocacillus fermenti (Figs. 1 and 2.).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
ビタミンB12について柿本 大壱1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 634-636
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1). The vitamin B12 content in pyloric coeca of skipjack was determined by Euglena method and by Lactobacillus leichmanannii method. The average content of B12 determined by the former method was 30γ% on dry matter (Table 1), while 40γ% by the latter method (Table 2). In both methods, the values estimated with hot water extracts were lower than those determined with extracts obtained by enzymatic digestion (Tables 1 and 2).
2). Seasonal variation of B12 content in pyloric coeca of skipjack was not observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (219K) -
海水のビタミンB12定量法並びに海洋におけるB12分布柏田 研一, 柿本 大壱, 盛田 友弌, 金沢 昭夫, 川越 一徳1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 637-640
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the preceding paper, the authors reported on a determination method of vitamin B12 in sea water, in which EDTA and an ion-exchange resin (Amberlite IR 4 B) were adopted to remove substances disturbing growth of test organism, such as Cl and Mg, from the test sea water. This procedure, however, being somewhat troublesome, a more simple one was investigated.
After several trials it was ascertained that the disturbing substances are effectively removed be dialysis with cellophane within the lapse of 15 hours without any recognizable loss of the vitamin (Fig. 1 and Tab. 1) and that the test solutions ready for microbiological assay using Euglena are easily obtainable with this procedure.
Using this method, vitamin B12 in sea water collected by the “Kagoshima-maru” at stations in the North Pacific from Lat. 0° to 30° N on the line of Long. 130°E, was analyzed and the result is shown in Fig. 2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (271K) -
農薬による稚鯉の死亡吉原 友吉, 藤岡 順一1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 641-644
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effectiveness of insecticide on the young carp was determined by the method which was described in the previous paper10). Names of insecticide are shown in Table 1, a result of the experiments is shown in Table 2 and LD 50 for each insecticide were obtained. The time which fish is killed by the insecticide is related to the concentration of insecticide by the eqauation (1), from which we may obtain the OSTWALD's formula (2). The order of intensity of toxicity on fish may be known from Fig. 2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (308K) -
1656年の太平洋における放射能汚染カツオ(その1)佐伯 誠道, 白井 和雄, 大野 駿, 森 高次郎1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 645-650
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of radioactivity and radioactive elements in two specimens (No. 6 and 13) of skipjacks, Katsuwonus pelamis, have been investigated, which were caught at a station (14°03'N, 157°28'E) in the Pacific Ocean on June 13, 1956 by the “SHUNKOTSU-MARU”. These specimens were less radio active, but more interesting than those in 1954, as they represented the more complicated patterns of contamination.
The radioactive substances in the pyloric caeca of No. 13 specimen (13 P) were mostly composed of Zn65, some members of Group III B other than Zn65 and those belonging to Group II. Among them, Zn65 was again isolated and identified (Fig. 2-5.), as reported in the previous paper1, 3). In the pyloric caeca of No. 6 specimen (6P), on the other hand, no appreciable amount of Zn65 was found and the radioactivity of 6 P was mainly attributable to the radioelements of Group II.
Members of Group II also took the major part of radioactivity in the liver of both specimens (6 L and 13 L) and those of Group III B in which Zn65 was included revealed only a slight activity. Group IV (alkali-earth metals) from 13 L was further fractionated, and Ba140 together with La140 were found to be responsible for the radioactivity of the group (Fig. 6). Furthermore, the presence of Fe55 was confirmed in 6 L (Fig. 7 and 8). And the remarkable emission of β-ray was also recognized in the fraction (6L-F2) obtained with an ionexchange resin (Fig. 7) and in Group II isolated from the fraction by group separation using carriers. The nuclide in this group are now under investigation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (760K) -
1956年の太平洋における放射能汚染カツオ(その2) Cd113mの存在について白井 和雄, 佐伯 誠道, 大野 駿1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 651-653
発行日: 1957/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSucceeding to the previous papers, the present paper deals with the presence of Cd113m.
Group II, separated directly from the raw ashes of the liver or the pyloric caeca of skipjacks, Katsuwonus pelamis, or from the radio active fration, “6-L-F2”, obtained by ion-exchange resin, was fractionated further into each member (Fig. 1). The considerable activity was found in Cd-fraction in both cases (Table 1).
The Cd-fraction showed no decay in 50 days and no γ-ray emission. The maximum energy was found to be 0. 6 MeV., when calculated from the absorption curve (Fig. 2). From these results, the nuclide in question was identified as Cd113m.
The weak activity was also found in Sn-fraction in the above fractionation, but the nuclide has not yet been identified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (140K) -
1957 年 22 巻 10 号 p. 655
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (36K)
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