巻号一覧
47 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の24件中1～24を表示しています
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小川 和夫, 江草 周三1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRedescription is given of the development of a monogenean, Heteraxine heterocerca, based on about 70 immature specimens from the gills of Seriola quinqueradiata and 26 oncomiracidia hatched from naturally laid eggs. The egg is ovoid with a long filament basally. The structure of the oncomiracidium and the post-oncomiracidial development up to the stage of 5 pairs of clamps are quite similar to those of microcotylids, suggesting a close relationship of H. heterocerca to the family Microcotylidae. Asymmetry is first recognized at the stage of 5 or 6 pairs of clamps. The larval anchors and the marginal hooks I come off together with the surrounding tissue at the stage of about 10 clamps on the long side of the opisthohaptor. The chitinous structures existing on the oncomiracidium are replaced by clamps except the domus of the marginal hooks III to V. The number and size of clamps on one side of the opisthohaptor increase much more than those on the other, reaching the same degree as in adults before attaining sexual marurity. An examination of 289 asymmetrical specimens reveals that, like other asymmetrical monogeneans, the asymmetry of H. heterocerca strictly depends on the water flowing on the gill filament to which the parasite attaches itself.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
木村 清志, 鈴木 清1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 9-16
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present report deals with the fishery biology of Parapristipoma trilineatum, Pomadasyidae, with particular reference to maturity and spawning habits, on 1242 individuals taken from corstal areas of Kumano-nada (Kii Peninsula, central Japan) from March 1978 to August 1979.
The larger half of specimens have a pair of gonads bilaterally asymmetrical in weight. Of these, the specimens with dextral gonads dominate over the specimens with sinistral ones. The development of ovarian egg proceeds uniformly throughout the ovary. The gonad index can effectively be utilized as an indicator representing the state of maturity of ovary. The index of matured female is represented as “GI≥3”. The spawning takes place from June to August. The surface water temperature in the season ranged from 23°C to 28°C. The group maturity rates of female for each age group were estimated as follows: 1-age, 0%; 2-age, 36.4%; 3-age, 86.2%; 4-8-ages, 100%. The biological minimum sizes were estimated at about 160mm for both sexes. The number of ovarian eggs larger than 0.3mm in diameter (E) was given by the following equation: E=1.49L5.00×10-7 (L, fork length in mm). The estimated number of eggs spawned (Es) was obtained by the following equation: Es=5.17L5.10×10-8.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
角田 俊平, 中井 和夫1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 17-25
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis report presents the results of a study of oogenesis, gonadial development and spawning in N. albiflora. The study is based on particular examinations of the ovaries and the eggs within the ovaries of the fish collected in the Seto Inland Sea.
By histological study, the oogenesis of this species is fundamentally similar to that of other marine teleosts reported until now. Frequency distribution of the ova diameter of mature ovary has three modes: one is the evident mode of the ripe eggs group segregated, and the other two are the mode of maturing eggs group. Spawning occurs from late May to early August, and the height of the spawning season is in June and early July. It may be considered in all aspects that each fish spawns more than once during the spawning period. Since on females less than 198mm in standard length are found to be fully mature, the biological minimum size is about 20cm. The relationship between the fish size (Lcm) in standard length and the number of ovarian eggs (N) more than 0.2mm in diameter is indicated by the exponential equation: N=18.02 L3.216. Futhermore, the number of eggs (N') which is shed at a single spawning by each fish may be estimated by the equation: N'=0.9090 L3.581.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1981K) -
坂口 宏海, 浜口 章1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 27-33
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeparate groups of about 70 individuals each of red sea bream, Chrysophrys major, weighing 272g on the average were kept in cold water of an ambient temperature of 8.3-12.2°C and in warm water controlled at 19.5-21.0°C without feeding. After 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 25, and 41 day (s), 7 to 9 individuals from each group were sacrificed for chemical analysis and histological observation.
In the hepatopancreas, glycogen decreased markedly within 5 days in both groups. On the contrary, fat kept increasing to the end of the experiment. Histologically, oil droplets increased in size and had a tendency to gather around the pancreatic tissue. In the serum of both groups, gradual decreases in the contents of triglycerided, total cholesterol, and protein and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase were noted. Blood sugar level showed little change in the cold water group, but decreased in 25 days in the warm water group. Prolonged fasting caused atrophy of parenchymal cells and nuclei in the hepatopancreas in both groups, which was more conspicuous in the warm water group. The atrophy of cells was considered to be induced by the depletion of glycogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1749K) -
田島 研一, 吉水 守, 絵面 良男, 木村 喬久1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 35-42
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the period 1977-1979, 7 epizootics occurred among the pen-cultured coho salmon Oncorhynchus in the Tohoku district and Hokkaido, Japan. Thirty-eight vibrio strains were isolated from the diseased fish as causative organisms. The isolates were studied taxonomically and serologically.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) Of the 38, 33 strains (No. 1-No.33) were identified as V. anguillarum, and they all showed positive agglutination with rabbit antiserum against V. anguillarum type J-O-3.
2) The pathogenicity of a representative strain (No. 1) of those 33 strains (No. 1-No. 33) was demonstrated by immersion method (ca. 105cells/ml, 10min.) using chum salmon O.Keta fingerlings.
3) Five strains (No. 34-No. 38) of vibrio isolates at Abuta, Hokkaido were found to be different from V. anguillarum on the basis of taxonomy and serology. Also, the representative strain (No. 37) of those failed pathogenicity against rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and coho salmon fry.
On the basis of the above results, those five organisms were assumed to be secondarily infected organisms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (500K) -
吉川 弘正, 小栗 幹郎1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 43-50
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe gradient of the ovarian differentiation in the medaka, Oryzias latipes, was examined numerically in the present investigation. Germ cell in meiosis was employed as a criterion for the differentiation of ovary. In the fry of 4.9±0.10mm in length (mean±S. D., n=30) at 2 days (26±2h) after hatching, the germ cells in meiotic prophase were detected for the first time, but the somatic cells of the ovary showed no structural differentiation, According to YAMAMOTO, there was an antero-posterior gradient in the gonadal sex differntiation of the medaka.
In the present investigation, however, such a gradient was not recognizable. The ovarian differentiation proceeded at random without any gradient. From the present results, it was revealed that the ovarian differentiation began before the completion of the formation of the primordial gonad, and that there was a difference in the time of the differentiation between the right lobe and the left lobe of the ovary; the right lobe differentiated at an earlier stage than the left lobe.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1489K) -
秦 和彦, 丹野 まゆみ, 金田 尚志1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 51-56
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the toxic effect of lipid hydroperoxides on fish, the decomposition process of lipid hydroperoxides in carp intestinal tissue was studied. Pure linoleic acid hydroperoxide was incubated with carp intestinal extract or acetone powder, and the decomposition rate of hydroperoxide and the formation of carbonyl compounds were investigated. To determine the degree of involvement of the enzymatic reaction in the decomposition of hydroperoxides, the data was compared with the control system which was incubated with the boiled intestinal preparation. In addition, the inhibitory effect of EDTA and cyanide was also investigated to examine the influence of metal ions and heme compounds on the reaction.
As a result, both the systems decomposed approximately equivalent amount of hydroperoxide and carbonyl compounds, specially unsaturated carbonyls were elevated more in the experimental system than in the control. This result was supported by a higher UV absorption at 275nm of the experimental system. Both EDTA and cyanide have only a partial inhibitory effect on the reaction. These data indicate that most of the lipid hydroperoxides were decomposed in carp intestinal tissue and converted to carbonyl compounds. It was suggested that heat-unstable substances in the carp's intestine were partly involved in the formation of unsaturated carbonyls from lipid peroxides.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (456K) -
野田 宏行, 天野 秀臣, 堀口 吉重, 安保 康治1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 57-62
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEight commercial samples of ‘nori’, or the dried laver porphyra spp. were extracted with 75% ethanol and the extracts were analyzed for free sugars and organic acids by gas chromatography and for minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Isofloridoside and folridoside were found to be the predominant free sugars, followed by glucose and galactose. A small amount of mannose, inositol, ribose, arabinose and xylose were also detected. The contents of these sugars were generally lower in nori products of good quality than in those of poor quality.
Volatile and nonvolatile organic acids found in the extracts were formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, lactic, oxalic, malonic, fumaric, succinic, malic and citric acids, Among them, formic acid was found to vary greatly from sample to sample. The contents of these organic acids were generally lower in tasty nori samples.
Major cations found were Na+ and K+, followed by Mg2+ and Ca2+, whereas major anions were Cl- and PO43-
The nori produced from the indoor cultured laver showed a general pattern similar to nori samples of poor quality, as far as the above components are concerned.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (340K) -
示野 貞夫, 細川 秀毅, 竹田 正彦, 高山 三圭, 福井 章夫, 佐々木 広治1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 63-69
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of dietary lipid on the activities of several hepatic enzymes relating to the metabolism of protein, lipid and carbohydrate were investigated in young yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, fed for 30 days on isocaloric diets containing differing levels of lipid (5-22%) and protein (68-40%). Each enzyme activity changed markedly in response to the dietary lipid, but it required a long period (20-30 days) for the adaptation. In general, the feeding of high fat diets lowered the activities of hepatic alanine aminotransferase, arginase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-biphosphatase, phosphorylase, 6-phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+). At the end of the experiments, the highest activity of most enzymes was found in the liver of the fish fed on the lowest lipid diet, and the enzyme activities correlated negatively with the dietary lipid levels. There were similar negative correlations between dietary lipid level and concentrations of protein, amino nitrogen and glucose in the plasma and of glycogen in the liver, but there was a positive correlation between dietary lipid level and the liver fat content. These data suggest that dietary lipid causes a repression of amino acid degradation, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and lipogenesis as well as a facilitation of the assimilation or preservation of the lipid in the fish liver, and that the protein sparing effect of lipid results from the comprehensive regulation of many enzymes relating to the metabolishm of protein, lipid and carbohydrate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (585K) -
示野 貞夫, 竹田 正彦, 高山 三圭, 福井 章夫, 佐々木 広治, 梶山 英俊1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 71-77
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the response of fish to dietary carbohydrate, carp, Cyprinus carpio, were fed for 30 days on diets containing differing levels of carbohydrate (4-42%) and protein (66-34%), and the activities of the hepatopancreatic enzymes as well as growth and body composition were investigated. The dietary carbohydrate affected the levels of enzymes and chemical components in the hepatopancreas, it markedly increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+). It also lowered the activities of alanine aminotransferase, arginase and glucose-6-phosphatase. At the end of the experiment, the dietary carbohydrate contents correlated positively with the activities of the first three enzymes and glycogen content, but negatively with the activities of the last three enzymes and fat content in the hepatopancreas.
On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the growth and chemical components of the whole body and plasma, although a slightly lower growth was obtained in fish fed with the high carbohydrate diet. These findings seem to indicate that the carp adapts to these diets containing such amounts of carbohydrate, and that the enzyme activities are regulated to increase the assimilation or preservation of dietary carbohydrate and to decrease the amino acid degradation and gluconeogenesis in the hepatopancreas of fish fed carbohydrate-containing diets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (545K) -
村田 寿1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 79-83
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the pathway of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation in carp, Cyprinus carpio, dark muscle and hepatopancreas mitochondria, the products formed by oxidation were studied using U-14C-18:1ω9 acid as substrate.
Although O2 uptake due to oxidation of 3:0 acid was clearly observed in carp dark muscle mitochondria, as well as those of 2:0, 4:0 and 18:1ω9 acids, 3:0 acid and methylmalonic acid were not detected as the oxidation products of 18:1ω9 acid in carp dark muscle and hepatopancreas mitochondria; whereas acetic, fumaric and succinic acids were formed. Moreover, addition of HCO-3 to the medium did not increase the difference in O2 uptake due to oxidation between 18:1ω9 and 16:0 acids both in carp dark muscle and hepatopancreas mitochondria.
This suggested that 3:0 acid was not formed during the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid in carp dark muscle and hepatopancreas mitochondria. Consequently, the author concluded that the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid as energy source in carp essentially fell under the category of β-oxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) -
松野 隆男, 松高 寿子1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 85-88
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe carotenoids in the integuments of four species of crucian carp, golden cruian carp, round crucian carp, deepbodied crucian carp and silver crucian carp, and two varieties of goldfish were investigated.
The composition of carotenoids was very similara to each other. Cynthiaxanthin, which was found in all species, was the principal carotenoid in the four species of crucian carp (34-87%). But in the goldfish, ketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin, α-doradexanthin, β-doradexanthin and idoxanthin were contained as main pigments. Cynthiaxanthin followed these ketocarotenoids.
In addition, β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, α- or β-carotene type triols and tetrol (β-type) were present.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (296K) -
平田 孝, 石谷 孝佑, 山田 毅1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 89-93
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe influences of moisture content and storage temperature on the degradation of chlorophyll and biliprotein in dried laver, Phorphyra yezoensis, were studied. Moisture content was adjusted to the desired levels by holding samples over saturated salt solutions. The BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) monolayer values of the laver were 5.5%, 5.6% and 5.7% at 40°C, 30°C and 20°C, respectively. Better quality retention of the laver was obtained at lower moisture content. At moisture content lower than 4.8% at 40°C, the rate of chlorophyll degradation was very low, but, at more than 6.5% moisture, the rate increased much. The critical moisture levels to the degradation rate were 5.7-7.3% at 30°C and 7.2-8.9% at 20°C, respectively. The rate of biliprotein degradation was lower than that of chlorophyll, while the critical moisture levels were almost the same. The optimum moisture content for the stability of the laver was defined to be 4-5%, leaving a safety margin of 1-2% moisture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
志水 寛, 町田 律, 竹並 誠一1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 95-104
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe temperature-gelation curves of meat paste (82% moisture, 3% NaCl, pH 6.8) were made for 49 species of fish including 4 species of fresh water fish and 4 species of cartilaginous fish, and 1 species each of squid, prawn, chicken and rabbit respectively. It became clear by analyzing the patterns of the curves that two reactions are contained in the gel-forming process of fish meat paste; one is a structure-setting reaction proceeding at temperatuers below 50°C, promoted especially at 30°C-40°C, and the other is a structure-disintegration reaction occurring at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C, optimum at 60°C. The former reaction was considered to be responsible for the so called “suwari” phenomenon and the latter reaction to the phenomenon known by the name of “modori”. Because of wide variations in the rate of both reactions with species, patterns of the gelation curve were highly characteristic with species. By the structure-setting and disintegrating properties of meat paste, 52 species examined except for prawn, which was utterly lacking in the gel-forming ability, were divided into the four following groups; 1) difficult-setting and difficult-disintegrating group, in which sharks, needlefish and marlin were included together with chicken and rabbit, 2) difficult-setting and easy-disintegrating group, to which the greater part of the red-meat fish other than sardines belonged, 3) easy-setting and easy-disintegrating group, in which sardines, croaker and cold-water fish such as Alaska pollack and icefish were included, and 4) easy-setting and difficult-disintegrating group, in which flying fish, barracuda and grub fish were the typical species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (413K) -
赤羽 孝之, 千原 聡, 吉田 豊, 土屋 隆英, 野口 敏, 大神 弘司, 松本 重一郎1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 105-111
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith an aim of studying the gel properties and its formation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to the fish meat gels (kamaboko) in parallel with the jelly strength measurements. DSC curves of the gels were characterized by a single deep hollow with a bottom slightly below 100°C which represents the evaporation of water. Each curve was divided into two fractions, below and above 105°C (Q1 and Q2), and a quotient, R105 (=(Q2/(Q1+Q2))×100), was adopted to represent the amount of captured water in the total water of the gels. Two series of gels were prepared from Alaska pollack frozen mince, one with various protein concentrations, and another containing various amounts of egg white. The gels were submitted to DSC and jelly strength measuremetns. In both cases, R105 values illustrated good correlationships with the jelly strength values. That the state of water in the gels affects the gel properties like the jelly strength has suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (544K) -
笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 113-119
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to examine the masking effect of smoke flavor on the undesirable odor characteristic of cooked sardine; the volatiles of the smoked sardine were compared with those of raw sardine and the non-smoked dried sardine by organoleptic test, GLC, and GC-MS analyses.
In organoleptic test, most of the panel members could not detected the undesirable sardine odor in the smoked sample and preferred the smoked sardine falvor.
In GLC and GC-MS analyses, thirty-nine volatile components (nine carbonyls, three alcohols, sixteen phenols, two esters and nine hydrocarbons) from the smoked sardine, nine hydrocarbons from raw sardine, and eighteen volatiles (eight carbonyls, two alcohols and eight hydrocarbons) from dried sardine were identified.
In the smoked sardine, phenolic volatiles were considered to play an important role in masking the undesirable odor of the sardine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (166K) -
笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 121-125
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーVolatile components of rice bran-fermented sardine and raw sardine were studied by GLC and GC-MS analyses.
Forty components (nine acids, three bases, one phenol, seven carbonyls, five alcohols, seven esters, and eight hydrocarbons) from rice bran fermented sardine and eighteen components (one acid, three bases, one alcohol, one ester and twelve hydrocarbons) from raw sardine were identified.
Hydrocarbons and bases in rice bran-fermented sardine seemed to be derived from sardine itself, because these components were detected from raw sardine too.
But most of the other volatile components of rice bran-fermented sardine were considered to be formed by the fermentation and change of components in sardine meat, and seemed to mask the odor specific of sardine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (152K) -
磯 直道, 水野 治夫, 斎藤 隆英, 大関 文照, 藤沼 一信, 小宮 孝俊1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 127-131
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of Ca2+ on the G-F transformation of carp G-actin was examined by both the precipitation method and the ultracentrifugation method. The transformation started at a Ca2+ concentration of 0.06mmol/(g of G-actin) and was completed at the concentration of 0.30mmol/(g of G-actin). This means that 10mol of Ca2+ is necessary for 1mol G-actin to polymerize to Factin. Such a transformation process can be considered to be the nucleation of F-actin, where the G-actin exists as dimer or trimer. Then, the F-actin nuclei may polymerize to form F-actin molecules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1134K) -
今野 久仁彦, 吉富 文司1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 133-138
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe found previously that squid myosin B was markedly different from squid myosin in the KCl concentration dependence of Ca-ATPase activity, i.e. the maximal activity of squid myosin B was obtained at 0.2-0.3M KCl and a rapid decrease in the activity occurred as the KCl concentration decreased. In contrast, squid myosin showed a maximum activity at 0.1M KCl. A further study was conducted and the results obtained were as follows: 1) At KCl concentrations lower than 0.2M, the Ca-ATPase activity of squid myosin was remarkably decreased by addition of F-actin. 2) A maximum turbidity of acto-squid myosin was also obtained at 0.2M KCl. 3) A concomitant activation of Mg-ATPase of myosin occurred when the Ca-ATPase activity of squid myosin was inhibited by F-actin. 4) The reduced activity of Ca-ATPase of acto-squid myosin in the low KCl medium was fully recovered upon addition of 1M urea. 5) The Ca-ATPase activity of squid HMM was no longer inhibited by F-actin. It is therefore concluded that the inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity of squid myosin by F-actin occurred only when a thick filament of myosin was applied to ATPase assay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K) -
阿部 宏喜1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 139
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (82K) -
川村 軍蔵, Antonio R. CASTILLO1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 141
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (68K) -
松野 隆男, 眞岡 孝至, 平岡 勝行1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 143
発行日: 1981/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (90K) -
1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 146a
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (19K) -
1981 年 47 巻 1 号 p. 146b
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (19K)
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