日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
41 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 池田 弥生, 尾崎 久雄, 上松 和夫
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 803-811
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three types of handling and their respective effect on serum constituents in yellow-tail (Seriola quinqueradiata) fed on raw fish or a compounded diet were examined. Among the three types of handling, the angled and immediately examined fish had the largest relative spleen weight, the lowest levels of many of the serum constituents, with the least individual variations in those measurements. In the forced to exercise severely, the relative spleen weight reduced to about 50%, serum levels of glucose and magnesium increased to 280% and the levels of other serum constituents increased up to 120 to 130% when compared to those angled. In the transported type the levels of most of the serum constituents lay intermediate with the largest individual variations.
    The responses to handling of fish fed on a compounded diet were dull in con-trast with fish fed on raw fish.
    To obtain trustworthy values in such a sensitive fish as yellow-tail, it is desirable to sample the blood by severing the caudal artery as immediately as possible after angling.
  • 嶋津 武
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 813-821
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cestode and acanthocephalan larvae found in euphausiid crustaceans collected in the northern North Pacific Ocean, including the Bering Sea and off the Pacific coast of northern Japan, in the summers of 1968 and 1969 are described and illustrated. They are as follows: (1) the plerocercoids of Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha: Tentaculariidae) from Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoëssa inermis, Thysanoëssa longipes, Thysanoëssa raschii and unknown species of euphausiids; (2) the plerocercoids of Pelichnibothrium caudatum (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from Th. longipes; (3) the cysticercoids of an unidentified cestode (III), which resembles Anomotaenia larina (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae), from Th. inermis; (4) the cysticercoids of an unidentified cestode (IV), which is similar to Anomataenia armillaris, from Th. inermis; and (5) the larvae (or juveniles) of Bolbosoma caenoforme (Acan-thocephala: Echinorhynchidea: Polymorphidae) from Th. longipes, Th. raschii and unknown species of euphausiids. The incidence and intensity of infection, localiza-tion in the host body and geographical distribution are given for each parasite species. A possible life-history of each parasite is discussed.
  • 嶋津 武
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 823-830
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The adult of Nybelinia surmenicola OKADA in DOLLFUS, 1929 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha: Tentaculariidae) is described and illustrated for the first time. The sample was obtained from the stomach of the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis HUBBS et FOLLETT, taken in the Bering Sea. A morphological comparison is briefly made of the cestode specimens in different developmental stages colected from the euphausiids, squid, walleye pollock and salmon shark, and a possible life-history of N. surmenicola is discussed.
  • 斎藤 昭二
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 831-841
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In January to February 1974, a total of 12 daytime sets of the further improved vertical long-line gear was made in the North Equatorial Current areas. Compared with the improved vertical long-line gear that had been used previously, there appeared to be no difference in the frequency of branch line fouling, and the time required to retrieve the gear was reduced by 11% per unit (one basket). Compared with the commercial long-line gear fished at the same time, there was no significant difference in the catch rates, but a highly significant difference was detected in the species composition of the catch. According to the 95% confidence intervals for ratio of occurrence of the species, this vertical long-line catch was significantly higher than the commercial long-line catch, in bigeye tuna, Tunnus obesus, only. It is indi-cated that this gear is effective in catching fish. The depth layer in which bigeye tuna were captured was below or near the vicinity of the bottom of the thermocline, where the tempera-ture ranged from 11°C to 15°C.
  • 藤永 元作, 橘高 二郎
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 843-854
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors established the large scale production method for larval penaeid shrimp at Aio in the Seto Inland Sea in 1964. Using the same method, further experiments on the hatch-ing and rearing of Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) were conducted at Kumihama in a lagoon site and at Yamakawa in a partially-open sea site.
    At the lagoon site both the hatching and survival rates were poor due to the combined effect of using stagnant lagoon water for hatching and a dominant propagation of unfavorable protozoa beginning at the advanced zoea stage. In the partially-open sea site a better hatching rate was obtained. However, survival rate was poorer due to the fact that useful diatoms for propagation were scarce in the open sea water.
    Although the survival rate is influenced by local conditions, this method is more ef-ficient for mass production of postlarval shrimp. A better survival rate of 20-30% was obtained by using this method as compared to that of 3.5% by the conventional method.
    One disadvantage found in this method is a depression of growth in postlarval shrimp due to the high density of survivors in the tank. Daily body weight increases of 0.5-0.8 mg and conversion factors of 10-12 were obtained by this method.
  • 過熟過程における発眼率,ふ化率および異常稚魚出現率の変化
    酒井 清, 野村 稔, 隆島 史夫, 大渡 斉
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 855-860
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of examining the viability of over-ripened ova, eggs were periodically stripped in small quantities at 5 day intervals in 1966 and at 3 day intervals in 1967 from female rainbow trout immediately after ovulation and subjected to treatment by artificial fertilization. Embryonic and larval developments were subsequently evaluated on the basis of certain criteria which included the percentage of eyed eggs, hatching rate and incidence of abnormal alevins (deformed and/or moribund) in relation to the over-ripening process.
    The results indicated that the percentage of eyed eggs and hatching rate exceeded 70% in those eggs which had been stripped by the 10th day after ovulation. These values, however, gradually decreased to 0% one month following ovulation, at which time typical over-ripened ova were recognized. Eggs classified as of the stage I type (normal eggs) showed a high percentage of eyed eggs and a hatching rate of 80% or more. Accompanying advancement toward the over-ripened condition, however, the percentage of eyed eggs and hatching rate exhibited a gradual decrease and fell below 10% for those eggs which were of the stage II-III type. Paralleling these tendencies, the percentage of abnormal alevins increased as a function of the progress of the over-ripening process.
    The evidence brought forth in this study supports the recommendation that viability of over-ripened ova, as assessed by those criteria stated above, is greatest when suitable females are sorted within 5 to 7 days after ovulation for artificial stripping. Furthermore, estimation of artificial fertilization success and ensuing embryo and larval viability is possible at the time of stripping on the basis of observation of egg stage.
  • 過熟卵魚の生理状態
    隆島 史夫, 野村 稔, 酒井 清
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 861-867
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In previous papers, we reported that ovulated ova attain an overripened con-dition if retained in the body cavity for an extended period. In this report, the physiological condition of overripened females is discussed from a histological viewpoint.
    Females which had ovulated and were examined several days after ovulation possessed a small liver. Histologically, hepatic cells were generally atrophic and contained little glycogen and fat; some degenerative cells were also evident. Some degenerated urinary tubules were observed in the kidney. Low epithelial height and an abundance of colloidal material was thought to reflect a hypofunctional condition of the thyroid gland.
    In contrast, females which had been stripped about one month prior to examina-tion possessed a large liver. Hepatic cells were hypertrophic and contained consider-ably more glycogen and fat; pathological features were rare. Kidney demonstrated normal morphological features, while most thyroid follicles consisted of tall columnar epithelial cells and contained a scanty amount of colloidal material. Overall, the pathological conditions observed in ovulated females seemed to improve after stripping.
    Females which were still in possession of overripened ova showed very conspicuous pathological features. Degenerative changes were frequently observed in hepatic and urinary tissues. The epithelial height of thyroid follicles was low. Additionally, the interrenal gland exhibited a hyperfunctional state.
    It is postulated that the poor physiological condition apparent in overripened females brought on by exhaustion not only improves but also becomes more intensified after the spawning season.
  • 橘高 二郎, マーレイ ロバートエル
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 869-875
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of competitors, such as sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus, grass shrimp, Palaemontes sp., and blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, on the growth of white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, was examined using 3 ton experimental tanks for 6 weeks.
    The growth rate of white shrimp was depressed due to the presence of these competitors. The percentage of growth rate in the case with sheepshead minnows, grass shrimp, and blue crabs was 43.8, 58.4 and 72.7%, respectively, when compared to the case without any com-petitors.
    A remarkable annual difference of growth pattern for white shrimp was found in two 300 acres (1, 200, 000 m2) ponds in relation to the population of sheepshead minnows. An in-complete draining prior to the stocking of postlarval shrimp resulted in a loss of 50-60%. of body weight increase compared to the case with complete fish eradication.
  • Ferrimyoglobin reductaseのアミノ酸組成および酵素化学的性質
    松居 隆, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 877-883
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Amino acid composition and enzymatic properties of dolphin ferrimyoglobin reductase (Fer-riMb R) were studied and compared with those of the ferrihemoglobin reductase (Fer-riHb R) from the same source. There was a general resemblance between their amino acid compositions, although slight but clear differences were recognized in contents of several amino acids such as Asp, Leu, Tyr, and Arg. Both reductases also differed from each other in the number of easily reactive sulfhydryl groups as well as in the number of disulfide bonds. With either reductase, NADH2 was found to serve much more effectively as an electron donor than NADPH2. Both enzymes showed comparable specific activities in reduction of ferric hemoproteins. The optimum pH values of FerriHb R were 5.4 and 5.3 for metmyoglobin (MMb) and methemoglobin (MHb), respectively, and those of FerriMb R were both 5.0. The activities of FerriHb R and FerriMb R reached the maximum at 30°C and 25°C, respectively. Menadione exhibited some accelerating effect on the reduction of ferric hemoproteins by either reductase. Michaelis constants for FerriHb R were 1.1, 1.4, and 1.2x10-4M for MMb, MHb, and FerriCyt. c, respectively, while those for FerriMb R 3.3, 4.1, and 1.2x10-4M, respectively. The MMb reducing activity of FerriMb R was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents.
  • 天野 秀臣, Henry TSUYUKI
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 885-894
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The existence of and the relative mobilities of myoglobin (Mb) in both the heart muscles and the lateral line red muscles of rainbow and cutthroat trout and in the heart muscles of 5 species of Pacific salmon have been demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis. Of the salmon, the pink alone has significant amounts of Mb in the lateral line red muscle. All salmonid species examined here exhibited only a single Mb component except for the coho which revealed two components.
    Mb was isolated from the heart muscles of sockeye, coho, and chinook in yields of 62, 27, and 21mg respectively per 100g wet weight of tissue. The absorption spectra of 5 deriva-tives prepared from the Mb's isolated from the 3 species of salmon were hardly distinguishable from those of other piscine Mb's. The oxygen affinity curves of Mb's from the 3 species of salmon were affected only slightly by pH in the range of 6-8. At pH 7.0 and 15°C, the oxygen pressure at half saturation was measured to be 0.8, 1.1, and 1.8 mmHg for Mb's from coho, chinook, and sockeye respectively. The oxygen affinity of chinook Mb was to some extent in-creased by copper sulfate and slightly decreased by both 2, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid and ATP.
  • 酵素化学的性質とKinetics
    境 正, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 895-902
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Enzymatic properties of the two isozymes (I and II) of yellowtail pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase were examined. Isozyme-I showed a pH optimum at 7.8 in respect of T.D activity, and two optima at 6.5 and 7.8 in respect of D. D activity. Isozyme-II exhibiting only D. D activity showed a pH optimum at 6.5. Neither isozyme was activated by 2'-AMP, which activates Pseudomonas transhydrogenase. Some nucleotides and lecithin which affect in various ways the enzymes from other sources did not show any effect on the activity of isozyme-II. In addition, calcium chloride enhanced effectively the activity of isozyme-II. On the contrary, the activity was to some extent inhibited by manganese and cupric chloride.
    Kinetic constants, KTNAD, KNADH2, and V1, were 13 μM, 12 μM, and 9.1 μmole-min-1. mg protein-1, respectively. Based on the results of kinetic studies, the reaction mechanism of isozyme-II was classified from among various mechanisms proposed by CLELAND as a Theorell-Chance mechanism.
  • 橋本 芳郎, 神谷 久男, 金城 喜栄, 吉田 朝啓
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 903-905
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An outbreak of food poisoning with 25 patients occurred from the ingestion of a chinaman fish Glabrilutjanus nematophorus in Okinawa Island in 1974. The symptoms recorded, such as diarrhea, chill, fatigue, joint-ache and dry-ice sensation, were very close to those of ciguatera. The toxicity of the flesh recovered from the fish dealer was tested on cats and mice, in which the effects were very close to those induced by ciguatoxin.
    The toxic principle was partially purified by column chromatography using silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose. The toxicity was checked by a mouse test. The toxin was eluted with chloroform-metanol (9:1) from a silicic acid column. By subsequent DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, two toxic components were obtained; the one was eluted with chloroform and the other with chloroform-methanol (1:1). The major toxin eluted with chloroform-methanol (1:1) was not distinguishable from ciguatoxin by either thin layer chromatography or effects in mice, while the minor toxin eluted with chloroform was clearly different from ciguatoxin.
  • 丹羽 栄二
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 907-910
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The binding capacity of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) for actomyosin (AM) extracted from flatfish was studied in order to clarify the role of hydrophobic bonding in the gelation of fish flesh paste with the following results.
    AM-ANS complex showed a maximum at 470nm in the fluorescence spectrum when the excitation wavelength was 365nm. An enhancement in fluorescence intensity at 470nm was observed upon heating AM solution at 40°, 60° and 90°C respectively prior to the addition of ANS, and it was most significant at 60°C. The enhancement upon heating at 40°C was depressed by the addition of saccharides, glycerol and ethylene glycol to the AM solution.
  • 関沢 泰治, 伊藤 理
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 911
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 信濃 晴雄, 坂井 稔
    1975 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 913
    発行日: 1975/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
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