巻号一覧
41 巻, 2 号
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田中 昌一1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 121-128
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Three aproximate methods for calculating the survival rate or the total mortality coefficient from the data of catch per unit effort were examined critically to compare the accuracy. They are method of mean effort, method of arithmetic mean of catch per unit effort and method of geometric mean of catch per unit effort. In the second and third methods, the total mortality coefficient is correlated with either the fishing effort of the period or the weighted mean effort of three periods, including the periods before and after.
2) If natural mortality and fishing mortality are distributed evenly within the period, the method of mean effort is expected to provide the estimates with least bias and is recommendable for the estimation of natural mortality coefficient and catchability coefficient through regression analysis of the total mortality coefficient on the fishing effort. Bias of the method of arithmetic mean of catch per unit effort is generally large and this method is not preferable.
3) When natural mortality and fishing mortality vary within a period, degree of approximation of the method of mean effort is not generally good. The larger is the natural mortality and the more skew is the distribution of effort the larger would be the bias. A skew distribution of effort would have little effect if the same pattern of the distribution is repreated every period but otherwise the effect would not be negligible.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (392K) -
田中 昌一1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 129-136
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA total of 52 leptocephali of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, was collected, with nets 4m in diameter at the mouth opening, in an area south of an Okinawa Islands south of 24°N and west of 130°E from 27th November to 5th December, 1973. Percentage of eels in total number of leptocephali at each station ranged from zero to 14.4%, but most fell between 2 to 5% except in the cases of zero occurrence. The average number of eels per towing was as high as 1.9 individuals at the maximum. The density of the eels tended to be high on the 22°N line. The area where the eels were distributed seemed to correspond well with the high water temperature area of 25°C or higher at the 100m depth layer. Most of the eels were obtained at mid-layer towings in the 10-70m depth layers, and from this it appears that the eels are distributed rather sparsely at the surface layer. Though all of the eels were collected after dark a clear trend of collection depending on the time of night was not observed. A rather uniform distribution of the eels is suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (377K) -
多部 田修, 高井 徹1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 137-145
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFifty-two specimens of leptocephalus were collected in the waters south of the Okinawa Islands by the R/V Hakuho-maru, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, during November and December, 1973. These larvae are characterized by an olive leaf shape, a vent at three-fourths of total length (developing larva), straight intestine, 113-119 total myomeres, 6-13 ano-dorsal myomeres, major vertical blood vessels usually lying at segments 16, 38 and 44, large pectoral fin, and no pigment except for the chorioid of the eye. The authors conclude that these larvae are those of Anguilla japonica T. et S., demonstrating that too much confidence should not be placed on the number of ano-dorsal myomeres in identifying anguillid leptocephali to the species level.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1208K) -
コイの最大成長浜田 篤信, 位田 俊臣, 津田 勉, 狩谷 貞二1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 147-154
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsually animal growth is considered in terms of the difference between assimilation and dissimilation of body substances. Both metabolism and catabolism are assumed to be in proportion to surface and weight of body respectively. In the present paper, the total loss of energy is represented by gross efficiency of conversion, i.e. gain of body weight is given by a product of food intake and gross efficiency. Experiment carp were reared with sufficient food supply of Limnodrilus at 25±1°C. The amount of food intake and gain of body weight during certain periods were mersured.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. The amount of food intake (r) and gross efficiency of conversion (C) in relation to body weight (W) are given by the following equations.
r=KrW2/3, Cr=Kc/W0.07
2. Therefore maximum growth may be expressed by
dW/dt=r•Cr=Kr•Kc•W3/5, W={2/5(Kr•Kc•t+5/2W02/5)}5/2.
Substituting Kr=1.094, Kc=0.331 and W0=0 into this equation, we have
W=7.93×10-3•t5/2•(24-30°C).
for the maximum growth of carp. Consideringtemperature(T), we have W=(2/5Kr'•Kc•t)5/2 e0.258r•(16-23°C).
3. These equations are applicable for carp weighing 1 to 1000g when food intake is sufficient.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (361K) -
千葉県内水面水産試験場養魚池の2種大久 保一郎1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 155-165
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAt the Chiba Prefectural Freshwater Fisheries Experimental Station some species of freshwater ostracods have often multiplied tremendously in fishponds and became a source of nuisance to pond-cultured eels. Two species of the ostracods were brought in for identification. Specimens were fixed with alcohol, and dissected and embedded in Canada balsam. The species proved to be the following: one called “Naga-Kaimijinko” was identi-fied as Candonocypris assimilis and is named “Hainaga-Kaimijinko”; the other, “Maru-Kaimijinko”, was allotted to Heterocypris incongruens attenuata and named “Kawari Ibo-Kaimijinko”, both of which are new to Japanese fauna. The former has hitherto been found only in Oceania in spite of its vital powers; its right valve is complicated in the marginal struc-ture. The latter has been confused with H. incongruens incongruens by some authors, but the scanning electron microscope photographs of valves may clarify the distinction between them.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (957K) -
塚本 勝巳, 梶原 武, 西脇 昌治1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 167-174
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA method to deal quantitatively with swimming ability of fish was investigated. Duration of swimming [swimming time:t (sec)] was measured at various current velocities [swimming speed: V (cm/sec)]. The relationship between swimming speed and swimming time presented a curve, “swimming curve”, and was expressed by the following formula : V •tk=a where k and a are constants peculiar to any one species and its growth stage. Swimming ability was assumed to be proportional to the total swimming time a fish could maintain itself against various current velocities. Therefore, swimming ability index (SAI) was defined as follows: SAI=∫36000Vdt×10-4(cm) SAI ?? may be considered as the synthetic index of swimming ability. Both cruising speed and burst speed have been used as the index for the estimation of swimming ability, but they are not sufficient to estimate swimming ability synthetically. SAI should be used for the accurate estimation of swimming ability of fish. The values of SAI were obtained for 16 species by means of swimming tests. The values of SAI of Plecoglossus altivelis and Salmo gairdnerii irideus were high and those of Anguilla anguilla and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were low. The values of SAI of P. altivelis were also obtained and discussed for the different growth stages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
小林 裕1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 175-182
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe results of experiments to determine the success of a fishery with artifical baits for tuna long lines were as follows:
In cases where fish oils and such (substances that emit a strong scent the for many hours) are used on the artifical baits as additional matter, the results compared with that where no additional matter has been used better.
Remarkable differences in catch between (1) using glossy artifical baits of light red brown and (2) dull artifical baits of light yellow white were noted.
The shape and attaching method (to tuna hooks) of the artifical baits and also the structure of fishing gears (Tsurimoto) exert influence on the hooking ability and fishing efficiency.
Artifical baits should be tough and strong to withstand attacks by fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (418K) -
P. M. SIVALINGAM, 猪川 倫好, 横浜 康継, 西沢 一俊1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 183-192
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPhotoactive whole cells were isolated for the first time from a red alga, Galaxaura falcata KJELLMAN, of the Chaetangiaceae. By means of proton uptake experiments, its optimum irradiation intensity required for photosynthesis, effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Na+ both mono- and divalent ions, uncouplers and a non-ionic surfactant were examined. Photochemical 14CO2 fixation under different monochromatic irradiation, and RuDP and PEP carboxylase activities in the cells were also studied and compared with those of thallus extracts. These results demonstrated the isolated cells to be biochemically active. An electron microscope study of the isolated whole cells was also performed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (689K) -
笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 193-199
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe flavoring volatiles of roasted laver which is a characteristic Japanese food, have been studied gas chromatographically.
About forty peaks have been found from the head space vapor (H. S. V.) of freshly roasted laver. These peaks almost disappeared when the laver was allowed to stand for two minutes at room temperature. When hot water was added, the H. S. V.-gas chromatogram of the laver again revealed about forty peaks, however, the pattern of the gas chromatogram and the peak intensities were different from those of freshly roasted laver.
Carbonyls, bases and sulfur-containing substances seemed to be important volatiles of roasted laver. Of the fourteen carbonyls detected from the roasted laver, seven carbonyls have been identified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (287K) -
林 征一, 大城 善太郎1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 201-208
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA method for perfusion of isolated eel (Anguilla japonica) liver is described. The perfusion medium employed was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate without oxygen carriers such as red cells or fluoro carbon and albumin. The rate of gluconeogenesis in excess of lactate was almost the same as that of mammals. Insulin inhibited glycogenolysis of liver glycogen. Epinephrine and 3', 5', -c-AMP stimulated glycogenolysis. Activities of aspartate transami-nase and alanine transaminase were maintained low during perfusion. Oxygen consumption was 115 to 1/7 of that in the perfused rat liver. These results indicate that our perfusion technique provides a useful method for studies of metabolic regulation of eel liver.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (465K) -
飼料用炭化水素資化酵母のトリグリセリドとステリルエステルの組成について松居 正巳, 河端 俊治1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 209-215
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present studies aimed to elucidate the structures of triglycerides and sterylesters contained in the single cell protein (SCP) grown on hydrocarbons. Lipids of two types of SCP samples were extracted with a chloroform-methyl alcohol mixture (2:1). The triglycerides and sterylesters in these lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography then sujected to gas chromatographic (GLC) analysis.
The lipids of SCP samples were found to consist of triglycerides having even and odd carbon numbers ranging from C39 to C54, these triglycerides were composed of fatty acids which contained even and odd numbers of carbon atoms ranging from C13 to C18. On the basis of these carbon numbers for fatty acids and trigly-cerides, the possible structures for triglycerides in the SCP sample were estimated. In order to obtain confirmatory evidence for the estimation, a new type of GLC reaction column was devised for separating the fatty acids of a triglyceride into the form of methylester derivatives.
When triglycerides of the C46 and C49 series were analyzed using the new apparatus, it was revealed that the C46 triglyceride consists of fatty acids, C14:0, C15:1, C16:1 and C17:1, while the latter contained C14:0, C151, C16:1, C17:1 and C18:1, respectively.
It was found that the sterylesters in the SCP samples ergosterol-fatty acid com-plexes consisting of fatty acids with carbon numbers ranging from 13 to 18.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
G6P ならびにF6Pの蓄積原因 (1)山中 英明1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 217-223
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe causes surrounding the phenomenon of G6P and F6P accumulation which have been shown to be responsible for orange discoloration of canned skipjack meat were examined.
No significant differences were observed in the activities of glycolytic enzymes of meat which showed orange discoloration on cooking (“orange-destined meat”) and that which displayed normal coloration (“normal meat”).
During the thawing and cooking processes of normal meat, ATP content decreased slowly, and G6P and F6P did not accumulate to any appreciable extent. In contrast, the ATP content of orange-destined meat decreased rapidly while G6P and F6P were found present in large to moderate amounts. In addition, the accumulation of large amounts of FDP was observed although cooking at 50°C resulted in total disappearance of the sugar.
Based upon the aforementioned results, two reasons are proposed in explaining the phenomenon of G6P and F6P accumulation in orange-destined meat-(1) the cessation of PFK action due to the disappearance of ATP, and (2) the conversion of accumulated FDP into G6P and F6P by FDPase which appears to become active only after termination of PFK activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (434K) -
ブリ幼魚中の水銀の由来について鈴木 輝明, 畑中 正吉1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 225-231
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis investigation was conducted in order to clarify the relative proportion of mercury accumulated directly from sea water against that transfered through the food chain to a predator.
In the first phase of this study, the rate of mercury bioconcentration in the food chain between anchovy, Engraulis japonica, and young yellowtail, Seriora quinqueradiata, was experimentally calculated because this chain is the main route of energy flow in the fish community of Sendai Bay. Based upon this calculated value for the rate of mercury bioconcentration in the food chain (67%) and the results obtained for the food consumption of yellowtail in Sendai Bay, the mercury accumulation curve of growing yellowtail fed on anchovies containing various known amounts of mercury was calculated on the assumption that the mercury in the predator was supplied only through food chain.
In the next phase, the mercury concentration in yellowtail at several growth stages collected from Sendai Bay were plotted on this figure and the theoretical mercury concentration of anchovy eaten by those yellowtail was conjectured.
From the difference between this theoretical value and the actual value of anchovy' collected in Sendai Bay, the relative proportion of the mercury of the mercury uptaken directly from sea water in the mercury contained in yellow tail was evaluàted indirectly.
It was found that the amount of mercury transfered through the food chain, plays a more significant role in bioconcentration of the mercury in predators such as young yellowtail than that amount accumulated directly from sea water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (416K) -
田端 義明, 金津 良一1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 233-241
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPanel tests concerning “ashi” (textural quality) of market “Kamaboko” together with determination of the moisture content, water holding capacity, starch content, dissipation factor, jelly strength and using a curd meter breaking stresses (C. V.), and calculated correlation coefficients between panels' scores and other determinations. Six experiments were conducted and the results were as follows:
1) Water holding capacity showed a very low correlation with “ashi”
. 2) Moisture content demonstrated a remarkably high correlation coefficient with “ashi” in one experiment, however, this was considered to be a special case.
3) Starch content showed a remarkably high correlation coefficient with “ashi” in 4 experiments and moderate correlation in 2 other experiments.
4) Dissipation factor displaced remarkably high correlation coefficient with “ashi” in one experiment and moderate correlation in two experiments. However, correlation was almost nil in the other experiments.
5) C. V. showed higher correlation coefficients with than jelly strengths “ashi” in all experiments. Numerical values of the coefficients C. V. ranged from 0.869-0.923 in 5 experiments and were significant at the 0.1% level. The numerical value in one experiment was 0.715 and was significant at the 1% level.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (549K) -
ペプチド,アセチルアミノ酸,イオウ化合物の抑制効果野口 敏, 松本 重一郎1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 243-249
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe preventive effect of some amino acids, acetyl amino acids, peptides, and sulfur compounds on the freezing denaturation of carp actomyosin at -30°C for 4 to 8 weeks was examined by using an in vitro model test system. The rate of denaturation was follow d by estimating solubility and superprecipitation. The overall results are summarized as follows:
(1) additives displaying a marked effect included proline, cysteine, glutamylcysteinyl-glycine, and acetylglutamine;
(2) additives showing moderate effect were alanine, hydroxyproline, homocysteine, DL-penicillamine, homoserine, glycyl-DL-alanine, glycyl-DL-serine, glycylasparagine, DL-alanylalanine, acetylglycine, acetylvaline, acetylalanine, acetylcysteine, and dimethylsulfoxide;
(3) additives with little or no effect were found to include tyrosine, tryptophan, glycyl-glycine, glycylproline, glycylleucine, glycylglycylglycine, acetylleucine, acetyltryptophan and mercaptoethano ?? .
Discussion of the results suggests that the cryoprotective effect of amino acids is influenced significantly by acetylation and peptide formation, and that the resultant structure, position and number of the active groups, are involved in the preventive effect. In consideration of the preventive effect of sulfur compounds, the authors propose its acting mechanism on the freezing denaturation of muscle proteins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
田中 信彦, 中西 正巳, 門田 元1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 251-256
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe Vertical distribution of glycollate-utilizing bacteria in the water column of Shiozu Bay (Lake Biwa) was observed in the summer and winter seasons. In the summer season glycollate-utilizing bacteria were found abundant in the euphotic layer in which the excretion activity of phytoplankton was very high in comparison with deeper layers. In the winter season, however, relatively small numbers of glycollate-utilizing bacteria were distributed evenly in the water column from surface to bottom. The activity of glycollate uptake by the natural microbial population of Shiozu Bay, Lake Biwa was studied in different seasons by de-termining kinetic parameters. The maximum velocity of glycollate uptake by the microbial population varied within the range of 0.94-7.69×10-4mg/hr in summer and 0.32-1.19×10-4mg/l/hr in winter. The magnitude of in situ uptake was similar to that of in situ production of glycollate by phytoplankton.
These data suggest that the excretion of glycollate by phytoplankton during photosynthesis has a large influence upon the seasonal and vertical changes in bacterial flora in the water column of Shiozu Bay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
渡辺 武, 打江 長武, 小林 一郎, 荻野 珍吉1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 257-262
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe preliminary feeding experiment on growth of carp fingerlings with fat-free, methyl linoleate and linolenate diets was conducted to determine the carp requirement for essential fatty acids (EFA) as compared with that of rainbow trout. Neither mortality nor abnormality was recognized in experimental fish throughout the feeding trial period, differing con-siderably from the case for rainbow trout which showed a “shock syndrome” on the fat-free diet. Feeding on a fat free diet resulted in the lowest growth, however judging from the percent gain and feed conversion, growth was not as poor as in the case of the rainbow trout. The addition of 5% methyl laurate to the fat-free diet noticeably improved the weight gain. These results indicate that the lowest growth rate obtained in the fat-free group may be partly a result of the lower caloric content due to the absence of fat. In other experimental groups, there was no significant difference in growth and feed conversion due to dietary lipids. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the EFA requirement of carp is much lower than that of rainbow trout and that carp can grow without abnormality for a fairly long period without EFA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
渡辺 武, 竹内 俊郎, 荻野 珍吉1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 263-269
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA feeding trial was conducted to determine the essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement of carp fry weighing about 0.65g which had been kept on a fat-free diet for four months before the initiation of the feeding experiment. Fat-free and EFA-deficient diets resulted in retarded growth, and the addition of either methyl linoleate or linolenate to the diets improved growth conditions. Furthermore, carp seemed to require not only linoleic but also linolenic acids. The influence of EFA-deficiency on fatty acid composition of lipids in carp is essentially the same as that in rainbow trout. Feeding either the fat-free or EFA-deficient diets resulted in an increase of the 20:3ω9 acid level and this level was depressed by dietary methyl linoleate and linolenate. The former acid elevated levels of 20:4ω6 and 22:5ω6 acids and the latter that of 22: 6ω3 acid. In the case of rainbow trout which require linolenic acid as an EFA, we adopted the ratio of 20:3ω9/22:6ω3 for the index of EFA-deficiency. However, since carp appear to require fatty acids of both the linoleic and linolenic families for growth, it seems to be reasonable to consider the ratio of 20:3ω9/20:4ω6 as well as the ratio of 20:3ω9/22:6ω3 for the EFA index in carp. When both ratios were applied for carp at the index of EFA-deficiency, the fish fed diets containing fatty acids of both ω6 and ω3 types received a suf-ficient amount of EFA and therefore showed good growth conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (395K) -
石田 祐三郎, 門田 元1975 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 271
発行日: 1975/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (97K)
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