巻号一覧
44 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の21件中1～21を表示しています
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底土中の分布西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 815-818
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous report, concentrations of thiamine, biotin, and vitamin B12 in the water of Lake Kojima, a eutrophic lake, were shown to be fairly high. In the present paper, contents of these B group vitamins in the bottom sediments of Lake Kojima which were determined by microbiological assay methods are reported. Also the relations between vitamin contents and some chemical or biological environmental factors are described.
Contents of the B group vitamins in the lake sediments were found to be also fairly high: thiamine 13.6-212.0ng/g, biotin 0-3.28ng/g, and vitamin B12 1.28-116.0ng/g, on the basis of wet sediment; these values were about 100-1000times as much as in the lake water. The contents of these vitamins in sediment cores generally decreased with increasing depth of the sediment. Contents of biotin and vitamin B12, but not thiamine, correlated positively with both IL and COD values. Contents of all these three vitamins correlated positively with the population of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. It is suggested that each vitamin contained abundantly in the sediments of Lake Kojima may be an important source of that vitamin in the lake water and that these vitamins originate mainly through microbial processes. It is also suggested that anaerobic as well as aerobic processes may be involved in the accumulation of each vitamin in the sediments of the lake.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (355K) -
低酸素帯の検出方法とその分布平田 八郎, 山口 照男, 植田 総一, 門脇 秀策, 東川 勢二1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 819-821
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to detect the boundary of water masses, continuous records of DO content in the surface waters of the Equatorrial Current and adjacent seas were determined.
The experiments were carried out aboard the Kagoshima Maru (1038 ton) of the Kagoshma University in 1975 and 1976. DO meter (Y.S.I. model 57) was set in the engine room of the vessel. The water was supplied continuously to the oxygen electrode by 3.5m pressure head at 200ml per minute. The DO contents were recorded by an universal recorder (Yokogawa model 3047) in a cabinet laboratory. Special caution was taken to maintain uniformity of cruising speed and prevent air bubbles in the electrode.
When the boat was sailing in the current rips, DO content of the surface water decreased significantly in the range of 0.04 to 0.60ppm. Many oxygen decline belts were recorded around the Equatorial Current and adjacent seas. Several types of belts were observed depending, probably, on the features of the current rips.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (279K) -
低酸素帯と懸濁物量ならびにマグロ類の釣獲率との関係平田 八郎, 山口 照男, 植田 総一, 門脇 秀策, 東川 勢二1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 823-826
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs mentioned in the previous report, several types of oxygen decline belts were recorded by cruising in the Equatorial Current and adjacent seas. In this paper, the ecological significance of the belts to suspended particles and fishing rates of tunas were investigated.
The observations were carried out in the same areas as in the previous survey, and the data of DO records obtained from it are cited in this paper. During the cruise, the water was sampled by a mini-pump at the rate of 15ml every 30minutes and preserved automatically in 2 or 3% formalin by modified HIRATA'S automatic solution adder. Then, the amount of suspended particles was determined using a Coulter Counter. Tunas were caught by longline gears in the Equatorial Current and Solomon Sea.
High density of suspended particles was observed in areas where oxygen decline belts were recorded, 30times out of 34 recordings. It is interesting to note that a high correlation (γ=+0.84) was obtained between the frequency of sharp oxygen con caved curve and fishing rate of tunas. It might be suggested that the oxygen decline belt in the surface waters could be an important indicator for ecological studies of tuna fishing grounds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
梅原 貞臣, 小栗 幹郎1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 827-833
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated the effects of Ca2+ content in environmental water on plasma Ca2+ level, using goldfish as experimental fish. Plasma Ca2+ level increased markedly in the goldfish trans-ferred to 1/3 sea water. However the level did not change in the goldfish transferred to Ca2+-rich fresh-water. Furthermore, in the goldfish transferred to 1/3 sea water, the histological structures of the corpuscle of Stannius, water movement rate in intestine and Ca2+-activated ATPase activity in gill changed significantly. On the contrary, these changes were not observed in the goldfish transferred to Ca2+-rich fresh-water. From these results, we concluded that Ca2+ influx occur-red in goldfish reared in 1/3 sea water, but did not occur in the goldfish reared in Ca2+-rich freshwater.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (673K) -
トラップ・モデル三浦 汀介1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 835-841
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen a trap is set in the field where fish density is constant, let it be supposed that the number of fish and fish current in a trap at a time are x1(t), x2(t), the trap model is described as a second-order system.
For the first experiment, a thousand carp were prepared. The shape of trap is dual trap type (i. e., Fig. 1.).
When fish density is low, the trap model presents randomness, but in proportion to being higher, the trap model gets deterministic, and damping factor increases. The relation between ξ (damping ratio) and ρ (fish density ratio) was discussed by means of least square method and shown as follows;
ξ = 0.05 ρ1.48
where ρ is the fish density ratio normalized with unit density (one fish per fish length square).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (346K) -
静水中における浮子の垂直運動山根 猛, 佐藤 修1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 843-849
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA series of experiments was performed to study the motion of freely floating bodies in still water, and apply the data acquired here to the study on the motion of fishing gear. The displacement from the equilibrium position with the lapse of time was recorded on a 35mm film with the aid of a stroboscope and was evaluated for the vertical oscillation. The configuration of the models used in the experiments were of three types; a circular cylinder, a circular cone and a sphere. The main problem was to describe the motion of a float with non-uniform cross section area. For the solution of this problem, an approximation was done by substituting the amount of change in sub-merged volume due to damped oscillation as a volume of a body with uniform cross section area. Accordingly, to use this approximation menthod, the constant coefficient in the equation of motion was calculated in every period, i. e. the equation was solved by means of the method of variable constant. The theoretical consideration was performed based on the experimental results of damped oscillation to examine the possibility of applying the theory for a circular cylinder to a circular cone and a sphere. Through the experimental results, it was ascertained that the theory for circular cylinder could be applied to a circular cone or a sphere for practical purposes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (551K) -
瀬崎 啓次郎, 小林 弘1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 851-854
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSpinous loach, Cobitis biwae, lives in slow-flowing and stagnant waters in Honshu, Shikoku and the eastern part of Kyushu. There are two local races in spinous loach different in body size. The small race of the Kantô district is diploid with 48 chromosomes and the large race of the Kansai district is tetraploid with 96 chromosomes. Both races were examined for the relationship between the somatic chromosome number and erythrocytic size. The small race from Aki River, Tokyo, had 48 chromosomes with small erythrocytes and the large race from Yoshii River, Okayama Pref., had 96 chromosomes with large erythrocytes. The ratios of surface areas of the tetraploid erythrocytes and of their nuclei to those of the diploid ones were 1.62 and 1.74, respectively. These results show that tetraploid spinous loach is exactly discriminated from diploid one by the determination of erythrocytic size.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1268K) -
ニシン目山本 雅道, 上田 一夫1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 855-859
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe olfactory rosettes of five species of Clupeiformes were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They are all oval in shape, consisting of 24-30 unfolded lamellae. Each lamella is composed of centrally located sensory epithelium encircled by marginal indifferent epi-thelium. In Etrumeus teres and Engraulis japonica, the sensory epithelium contains three types of cells, i. e., cells projecting 3-5 relatively long cilia radially from a round cell apex (type 2 ciliated cells), cells bearing a tuft of long microvilli (microvillous cells) and supporting cells provided with short microvilli. In Harengula zunasi, Sardinops melanosticta and Konosirus punctatus, cells bearing many cilia in a tuft (type 1 ciliated cells) are sparsely scattered in the sensory epithelium in addition to the above three cell types. Apical cytoplasm of supporting cells in Etrumeus is filled with large electron-lucent droplets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1507K) -
四井 敏雄1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 861-867
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTinocladia crassa (SURINGAR) KYLIN is a useful edible alga in Japan. This experiment was conducted using materials collected from Nomozaki, Nagasaki Prefecture.
The macroscopic sporophytes appear from March to June and bear unilocular sporangia from April to June. The zoospores of unilocular sporangia germinate into gametophytes. These gametophytes produce plurilocular gametangia which form gametes. The gametes fuse isogamously to form zygotes. The zygotes first give rise to thick branched creeping thalli and then change into erect assimilators, and finally develop into young Tinocladia plants. In the early developmental stage, the sporophytes also produce plurilocular zoosporangia which form neutral zoospores. These zoospores develop directly into Tinocladia plants. However, under unfavorable culture conditions, the germlings of zygote and neutral zoospore remain creeping thalli which function as plethysmothalli repeating several successive generations of such thalli.
In summer, the gametophytes and the sporophytes cease further growth and enter a stage which is similar to a resting stage. In autumn, the former begin to grow and form gametes and the latter neutral zoospores, respectively. The gametes fuse isogamously to form zygotes. The zygotes and the neutral zoospores develop into young Tinocladia plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1422K) -
高橋 正1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 869-874
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the experiment, to study quantitatively the effect of sweeping membranous light or flashing light on the swimming behaviour of fish, the movement of fish school (yellowtail, body length 40cm) in the water tank (10m×7m, 1m depth) was observed every five seconds.
As the results, comparing the swimming speeds between the condition with sweeping membranous light and the condition without it, there was a remarkable lowering of the swimming speed under the condition with sweeping light, And this suppression effect was stronger with higher luminous intensity.
From the data of these results, it was suggested theoretically that 37 or more lx of irradiation intensity of the sweeping membranous light on the water surface might have maximum effects on the fish movements in a dark environment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1010K) -
竹内 俊郎, 渡辺 武, 荻野 珍吉1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 875-881
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStudies were conducted to investigate the availability of hydrogenated fish oil or hydrogenated beef tallow as a dietary energy source for carp and rainbow trout by feeding them isocaloric diets with 10% lipid. The diet containing each hydrogenated oil as the sole energy source induced EFA deficiency in both kinds of fish, but the replacement of 4-6% hydrogenated oil by pollock liver oil or cuttlefish liver oil resulted in the best weight gain and feed conversion, indicating that these hydrogenated oils can be used as an energy source without any adverse effects on fish growth, feed conversion, or survival, when they are used with some marine lipid to provide the necessary level of EFA.
The decrease of digestible energy due to the inclusion of hydrogenated oil in these diets was found to be small when it was used with liver oil, although the digestible energy of the diet containing the hydrogenated fish oil as the sole energy source was 20% lower than that of the diet containing soybean oil and cuttlefish liver oil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
単離と計数北御門 学, 笠間 憲太郎1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 883-886
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFrom the coastal areas of Fukuoka, Mie, and Ishikawa prefectures and the Hokkaido district, from 1973 through 1977, samples were collected of surface sea water, bottom sand and mud, zoo- and phytoplankton, algae, fish, and invertebrates (259 samples in all). First, a search was undertaken for aerobic bacteria (including facultatively anaerobic ones) capable of liquefying acid-soluble collagen gel. Two hundred and thirty-six strains of such bacteria were isolated as pure cultures and stored. The culture fluids of all isolates could release enzymatically water-soluble peptides containing hydroxyproline from insoluble collagen. Thus, it was established that aerobic collagenolytic bacteria were distributed widely in the coastal area. Next, the proportion of collagenolytic bacteria to the population of heterotrophic bacteria in surface water, bottom sand and mud, and algae was determined; the respective values of 34.8%, 5.3%, and 15.4% were obtained. Thus the average population density of aerobic collagenolytic bacteria in these coastal areas of Japan were 2.2×104cells/ml water, 2.0×104cells/g bottom sand and mud, and 3.3×106cells/g algae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1208K) -
単離細菌の分類笠間 憲太郎, 北御門 学1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 887-890
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo hundred and thirty-six isolates of aerobic collagenolytic bacteria from the coastal areas of Japan were classified according to the criteria of the 8th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The great majority of these isolates (222 strains) were Gram negative, oxidase positive, single polar flagellation, asporogenous rod, and carbohydrate metabolism fermentative, produced acid but no gas from glucose, and were sensitive to 2, 4-diamino6, 7-diisopropyl pteridine and facultatively anaerobic. These morphological and biochemical characteristics suggested an assignment to genus Vibrio. The representative 10 strains which have high productivity of collagenolytic enzyme seem to belong to a species Vibrio parahaemolyticus (biotype 2) or to its allies. The members of genus Vibrio predominate among the collagenolytic bacteria which are distributed in natural coastal areas. The characteristics of several isolates (6 strains) were Grarnnegative, oxidase positive, single polar flagellation, asporogenous rod, but carbohydrate metabolism oxidative, and were not sensitive to 2, 4-diamino-6, 7-diisopropyl pteridine and aerobic, suggesting their assignment to genus Pseudomonas. The rest (8 strains) showed different characteristics, and could not be identified. The collagenolytic enzyme productivity of the isolates of genus Pseudomonas and of the unknown group was of no account.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (503K) -
マダイとコイの比較板沢 靖男, 小山 次朗1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 891-895
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPorgy Pagrus major of 73±7g were fed for 113 days on feed containing Cd of 0, 37.5, 150, or 375ppm in the dry weight. Neither a decrease of the calcium contents of the serum and the vertebrae nor scoliosis, all of which were noticed in carp fed on feed containing Cd>140ppm for 30days, was observed in the porgy. The total amount of Cd administered per 100g of fish through the feeding period was 42.4mg for porgy fed on 375ppm Cd-feed, and 3.8-5.6mg for carp fed on 140ppm Cd-feed. The Cd contents of the hepatopancreas and the kidney were 146ppm and 164ppm in the porgy, and 14ppm and 52ppm in the carp. The fact that the porgy, a marine teleost, did not suffer from low calcium and vertebral abnormalities, even when they were administered 7-11 times as much Cd as the carp, is considered to be attributable, partly at least, to calcium derived from the environmental medium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (363K) -
尾藤 方通1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 897-902
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSkipjack meat was frozen-stored at various temperatures between -2 and -10°C, and analyzed at suitable intervals for its NAD and ATP levels and pH, and also for the amount of drip exuded when thawed.
NAD in the meat was almost completely decomposed within 24h at -2 to -6°C and within 36h at -7°C; by contrast, the decrease of ATP was much slower. On thawing, the meat frozen-stored at -7°C showed a higher pH than that frozen-stored at -2 to -5°C. The skipjack meat frozen-stored at -2 to -10°C gave a much smaller amount of free drip, compared to the control, when thawed. The same tendency was also observed for both expressible and cooking drips.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (424K) -
弟子丸 修, 米 康夫1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 903-905
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of seven individual dispensable amino acids and betaine on feed ingestion by prawn, Penaeus japonicus, were compared with that of an amino acid mixture. The purified test diet reported previously was used as the basal diet.
Addition of glycine to the diet significantly stimulated the feed intake, followed by the amino acid mixture, taurine, and serine in decreasing order, whereas aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and betaine hardly enhanced the palatability of the diet at all.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (186K) -
弟子丸 修, 米 康夫1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 907-910
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the requirements of dietary minerals, i. e., calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, and trace metals, by the prawn, Penaeus japonicus, the effect of these minerals on the growth and the feed efficiency was examined with a purified diet.
The supplements of calcium, magnesium, and iron did not improve the nutritive value of the diet at levels of 2%, 0.3%, and 0.02%, respectively. The supplement of iron rather reduced the value. The improved effect of phosphorus supplementation was noticed at a 2% level in the diet, and this was more pronouced in the absence of calcium. The group fed on the diet supplemented with potassium at a level of 1% showed higher growth and feed efficiency than those of the group fed on the diet without it. The suitable level of trace metals supplemented in the diet was found to be 0.2%, while levels over 0.2% resulted in a lower nutritive value than the diet without the supplement.
From these findings, it appears that 2% of phosphorus, 1% of potassium, and 0.2 % of trace metals should be supplemented into the purified diet for favorable growth of the prawn, while calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements are dispensable.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (294K) -
天野 秀臣, 野田 宏行1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 911-916
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFive kinds of laver, i.e., asakusa-nori Porphyra tenera, ohbaasakusa-nori P. tenera f. tamatsuensis, susabi-nori P. yezoensis, narawasusabi-nori P. yezoensis f. narawaensis, and Canada-nori Porphyra sp., were cultured at the same “nori”-farm and analyzed for changes in the levels of four photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll, carotenoid, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin.
The results obtained showed that the levels of the four pigments were greatly affected by the season and method of culture, but hardly by the kind of laver. Phycoerythrins isolated from the five kinds of laver did not differ significantly from each other in physicochemical properties such as absorption spectrum, polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic behavior, and amino acid composition. This was also true for phycocyan ins isolated from those sources.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (392K) -
深海魚2種の筋肉脂質中のジアシルグリセリルエーテルの組成林 賢治, 高木 徹, 近藤 尚, 二渡 衛1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 917-923
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe compositions of diacyl glyceryl ethers in the flesh lipids of deep-sea teleost fish, Seriollela sp, and S. punctata, were determined. In these species, the flesh lipids yielded high levels of 13.8% and 11.5%, of which non-polar lipids occupied more than 97.3%. The contents of diacyl glyceryl ethers and triglycerides in non-polar lipids were 6.7% and 85.3% for Seriollela sp., and 2.0% and 90.2% for S. punctata, respectively. In these species, the amount of glyceryl ethers in unsaponi-fiables was greater than the amount of sterols: 56.6% (Seriollela sp.) and 46.8% (S. punctata) for the former, and 17.3% (Seriollela sp.) and 36.7% (S. punctata) for the latter. Both diacyl glyceryl ethers and glyceryl ethers were found in relatively large amounts in Seriollela sp, as compared with S. punctata. The glyceryl ether compositions of diacyl glyceryl ethers were similar in Seriollela sp. and S. punctata: the main components were 20: 1 (25.4%, 22.2%), 18:1 (19.6%, 16.9%), 16:0 (16.1%, 18.8%), 16:1 (6.5%, 9.5%), 22:1 (5.9%, 4.9%), 18:0 (5.1%, 5.7%), and 14:0 (5.1%, 8.9%), and most of these compounds were monoenoic (64.1 %, 59.4%). The fatty acid compositions of diacyl glyceryl ethers and triglycerides were also similar in both species, consisting predominantly of monoenoic acids with 18:1 acid as the main component. In contrast, those of polar lipids contained considerable amounts of polyenoic acids. Finally, the fatty acid compositions of non-polar lipids in Seriollela sp. and S. punctata were similar to those of other deep-sea fish harvested from the same area; all are rich in monoenoic acids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1307K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 925
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (108K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫, 常盤 繁1978 年 44 巻 8 号 p. 927
発行日: 1978/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (100K)
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