巻号一覧
30 巻, 1 号
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森 勇1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to know the relationship between the fluctuations in catches of the yellow tail, Seriola quinqueradiata T. and S. and sea conditions in the Meshima fishing ground in the East China Sea, the catch records of the yellow tail have been dealt.
Although the periodicity of the fluctuation in catches is not obvious, a correlation between the catch and the number of sun spots is recognized to some extent. High catch of the yellow tail in the Meshima Is. arises during the transitional period from the year of the maximum number of the sun spots to the year of these minimum number, and the low catch arises during the period from the year of those minimum to the year of the maximum.
Relationships of the fluctuation in catches to that of the warm Tsushima Current have been unable to make clear.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (262K) -
金魚の鱗,椎体および耳石におけるテトラサクイリンの標識像小林 新二郎, 結城 了伍, 古井 恒弘, 小杉山 岳巳1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 6-13
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. A comparison of the multiple markings labelled on scale, centrum and otolith of young goldfish was made by administering various amounts of tetracycline at intervals of one, two and three months.
2. For obtaining a clearly separate multiple pattern of the tetracycline fluorescence on every tissue of the scale, centrum and otolith of a fish, injections at intervals of more than two months are recommended to be appropriate. However, as for multiple markings on otolith only, injections may be successful even at an interval of one month.
3. A suitable amount of the tetracycline injection for young goldfish is considered to be 50mg. per kg. of body weight.
4. The intensity of the tetracycline fluorescence labelled on the otolith is found to correspond with the dosage administered, but is not always so on both the scale and centrum.
5. Even with the same dosage level administered, the tetracycline pattern on the scale is highly variable according to individuals and also to parts of the fish body. However, the patterns on the scales of central part of the flank along the lateral line was shown to be stable, at least, in the individuals with normal growth of body.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1267K) -
久保 伊津男, 増田 辰良1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 14-20
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the experiments undertaken for studying the subject indicated in the title, five individuals of the lobster were kept in a vessel or vessels. The experiments were repeated 14 times on different occasions. During every experiment, the length of which ranged from one to a few days, the animals were fed with raw muscle of the top shell, Turbo cornutus SOLANDER; the amount of feed they ate was calculated by weighing the amount of existing food at two hours' intervals from the beginning of the work onward. When the measurement of the food intake was less than three times of standard errors (σ), the value was discarded as ineffective.
The results revealed that the feeding pattern of the lobster was desultory in regard to both the amount and diurnal hours of feeding, with the extents of individual variations seen in Figs. 2 to 7. In further scrutiny, however, the frequency of effective feeding each specimen showed in even numbered diurnal hours (24, 2, 4 hours so on) was counted throughout the experiments. Consequently it became clear that the animals would follow a bimodal pat-tern in their feeding activities: one peak appearing during the time from 18 to 20 hours, and the other from 24 to 2 hours (Fig. 8). The positions of the peaks were compared with those observed occurring at dawn and dusk in experimental fishing previously undertaken for the lobster. The first peak in the present experiments had a good agreement with the peak of catch found at dusk, but the second peak was 2 hours earlier than the peak of catch that took place at dawn in the previous experiment.
No difference was found between the feeding patterns which were observed either in a dark room or at an ordinary laboratory room under natural light.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1057K) -
鈴木 乙彦1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 21-28
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the precedìng paper1), the mechanical behaviour of sweep line in Danish seining has been dealt with in a special case that the sweep line, omitted a net, was laid originally in triangle-shape together with warps. This was well accounted for in terms of the general theory.2), 3) The present paper contains the discussion on the behaviour of sweep line in which the sweep line, neglected the effect of net, and warps are laid originally in quadrilateral-shape.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (340K) -
鈴木 乙彦1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 29-36
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (318K) -
鈴木 康策, 猿谷 九万1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 37-41
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEquilibrium of fish oil-solvent-water system had been examined at a room temperature under normal pressure as a fundamental study for the preparation of fatless fish meal by simultaneous removal of crude fat and moisture from boiled scraps of fish. When acetone is used as a solvent, the proportion of the solvent in this system is very large as shown in Fig. 1. In other words large quantity of acetone is necessary for practical extraction. Therefore, it is desirable to remove fat and moisture from the scraps with smaller quantity of an ex-tractant on practical use. Although the best extractant on pratical use should not be selected only by the condition of this equilibrium, it has been ascertained that the mixture of die-thylamine and ethyl ether (or benzene) is suitable on account of quantitative economy of an extractant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (316K) -
ペンタクロルフェノールソーダによる寒天簀の処理について藤沢 浩明1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 42-45
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper1), it was ascertained that the disinfection of the reed mats with sodium hypochlorite solution is effective to prevent the spoilage of “tokoroten” and agar during agar manufacturing in the mild winter. It is considered that sodium pentachloro-phenate (PCP•Na), which has been used as an antisepsis of wood, may also be effective as a disinfectant of the reed mats.
The present study was designed to ascertain the effect of disinfection of the reed mats with PCP•Na solution on preventing the spoilage. The results obtained are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
In practical use of PCP•Na as a disinfectant of the reed mats, the concentration of 1/500 and the immersion time of 30 minutes was most effective. The effectiveness of the disinfectant, however, could be seen still in the concentration from 1/1, 000 to 1/2, 000.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (983K) -
数種餌料蛋白質の消化率北御門 学, 森下 達雄, 立野 新光1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 46-49
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe digestibility of several dietary proteins in rainbow trout was determined by the indirect method using chromium oxide as an indicator. The diets used and their chemical compositions are presented in Table 1.
As summarized in Tables 2 and 3, the proteins of raw meats such as frozen fish, beef liver and spleen showed the highest values, 91-97 per cent, in digestibility amoung the pro-teins tested. Following these proteins, those of white fish meal, a commercial diet for rain-bow trout culture and dried silk-worm pupa showed about 80 per cent in digestibility. Soy-bean meal, a fish meal and the other commercial meal diets tested were more inferior in the digestibility of protein, about 70 per cent or under that. The removal of the fatty component from dried silk-worm pupa by ether extraction had little influence on the digestibility of the protein.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
餌料の澱粉,油脂含量並びにニジマスの大きさの影響北御門 学, 森下 達雄, 立野 新光1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 50-54
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe digestibility of protein in the diets containing various levels of starch or oil was determined by rainbow trout. The results of this investigation showed that the digestibility of protein decreased with the increase of starch content in diet (Table 1), wheareas the change of oil content in diet had little influence on the digestibility (Table 2).
On the other hand, the digestibilities of dietary protein in various growth stages of rain-bow trout were studied. Through the later stages (from about 10g. to 100g. body weight) there was no significant difference in the digestibility of protein, but in early stages (less than about 6g. body weight) the digestibility showed the considerably lower values than those shown in the later stages. And in the early stages, the extremely poor digestibility on the protein of white fish meal was conspicuous among the dietary proteins tested (Table 3). However, the digestibility on the protein of white fish meal was improved appreciably by using the portion of the meal passed through the fine sieve (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
魚の飼育に伴なう水質ならびに微生物相の変化について河合 章, 吉田 陽一, 木俣 正夫1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 55-62
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn fish cultivation using an aquarium with circulating system, one of the most important factors is the quality of breeding water, which depends primarily on the biochemical activities of the microorganisms in the aquarium.
The present studies have been undertaken with the purpose of building up the principle of fish cultivation from the microbiological standpoint. This paper deals with the most fundamental problem, the changes in the qualities of the breeding water and in the bacterial population which occur during the process of fish cultivation using the aquarium with freshly introduced filter-sand and sea water.
The results which were obtained are as follows:
1. The qualities of the breeding water and the bacterial population of the filter-sand and of the water change greatly during the early stage of the cultivation, and reach to an equlibrium in about two months. As the nitrifying activities of the filter-sand become suffi-ciently great at the time, the sand seems to be “ripened”.
2. As the number of the various kinds of bacteria which occur in the breeding water is extremely small as compared with that in the filter-sand, most parts of the biochemical reaction in the aquarium might take place in the filter-sand bed.
3. After several months of cultivation, considerably large number of denitrifying bacteria which liberate nitrogen from nitrate is found in the filter-sand bed, and there may be a some-what anaerobic microsphere in it even when sufficient amount of air is supplied in the water, judging from the fact that sulphate reducing bacteria which grow only under somewhat an-aerobic condition are detected in the bed.
4. Of the nitrifying bacteria in the aquarium, the soil bacteria which can grow and show nitrifying activities in the media without sea water are negligible in their number as compared with the marine ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (551K) -
変敗原因菌に対する法定食品防腐剤の発育阻止効果興津 知明, 河端 俊治, 小嶋 秩夫1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 63-68
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince 1961, much attention has been paid on the new types of deterioration of fish sausage among Japanese fisheries industries. The deterioration is characterized by the formation of spots or speckles on the surface of fish sausage, or by the formation of gas in fish sau-sage.
These organisms causative of deterioration were isolated by YOKOZEKI1) from deteriorated fish sausages, and the spot forming organisms have been identified with B. coagulans; speckle-formers with B. subtilis, B. firmus and B. circulans; and gas-formers with B. firmus, B. sphaericus and B. circulans.
The use of certain amount of nitrofurazone (NFS), nitrofuryl-acrylic amide (NFA), and/or sorbic acid is legally permitted in Japan for keeping the quality of fish sausage and other fish paste products such as “kamaboko”.
In the present paper, minimal concentrations of aforementioned food preservatives for the growth inhibition of the causative organisms which were given by courtesy of YOKOZEKI and the stock strains of same species of causative organisms were determined.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. All deteriorating organisms of fish sausage showed high resistance to the preservati-ves, especially higher to NFS. To the contrary, stock strains were fairly susceptible to the preservatives except sorbic acid (Tables 1 and 4). No appreciable growth inhibitory action was observed by sorbic acid for these organisms including stock strains at the maximum permissible concentration of 0.2% at pH 6-7, the ordinary range of pH of fish sausage (Tables 2 and 3).
2. Distribution patterns of viable counts of several test organisms exposed to various con-centrations of NFS (Fig. 1) indicate that 2 strains of the causative organisms (B. coagulans) have comparatively uniform resistance to the drug, more remarkable uniformity in resistance was noted in the 2 species belonging to Pseudomonas, whereas 2 species of susceptible bacilli (B. subtillis and B. coagulans) were rather uneven.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
マウスに対する毒性,発育温度および栄養要求について小嶋 秩夫, 河端 俊治, 興津 知明1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe organisms responsible for peculiar types of deterioration of fish sausage were found to have high resistance to nitrofurazone, nitrofurylacrylic amide and sorbic acid which are permitted to use as food preservatives in fish sausage in Japan1).
In the present studies, lethal toxicity of the 12 strains of organisms consisting of several species of responsible organisms for various types of deterioration of fish sausage to mice by intraperitoneal injection has been determined, in addition, effect of temperature on the growth of these organisms, and their nutritional requirements for amino acids and vitamines have been examined.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. No lethal toxicity to mice by intraperitoneal injection was observed among 12 strains of the causative organisms (Table 1).
2. Four strains among 6 of B. coagulans, responsible for the formation of spots on the surface of fish sausage, grew in the range of 30°C. and 55°C., while the remaining 2 strains grew even at 60°C. (Table 2).
The optimal temperature for growth was 45°C.
After being subcultured at 60°C., certain strains of B. coagulans tended to become filamentous form and to lose spore forming ability. However, sporulation of the organisms and the shape of the cells were gradually recovered during incubation of the organisms at 45°C.
Growth of other causative organisms than spots-forming B. coagulans was observed to occur in the range of 25°C. and 45°C. (Table 2).
3. Experiments conducted on the nutritional requirements by 6 strains of B. coagulans, for 10 of amino acids and 6 of vitamines at 37°C, 45°C. or 55°C. revealed that the higher the incubation temperature, the less nutritional elements were required. However, there was no appreciable difference in the requirements between the incubation temperature at 45°C. and 55°C. (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (922K) -
池内 常郎1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 75-81
発行日: 1964/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーJelly-forming ability is the most important property of Kamaboko and this ability depends exclusively upon the properties of raw fish protein. The weakness of jelly-forming ability is partly due to the species of fish but mainly to the denaturation of protein caused by decrement of freshness of fish. In such a case, some substances must be added to Kamaboko to enhance jelly-strength, and they are sometimes added also for the purpose of increasing the volume.
When substances are added for these purposes, they must have water-binding force and jelly-forming ability. The following substances have these two properties; polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, gluten and starch. In this paper, the effects of addition of such substances on Kamaboko-jelly were discussed summarily in comparing one with another.
The experimental results showed that the additions of viscous hydrocolloids such as P.V.A., C.M.C., M.C. and gelatin rather reduced the jelly-strength of Kamaboko, and that the addition of starch to the brayed meat affording a weak jelly increased the strength far more than gluten.
It was inferred that substances used to enhance Kamaboko-jelly had to be dispersed uni-formly in a state of grain into brayed meat in the beginning, and that such substances had to bind a great amount of water and form irreversible rigid gels in a comparatively low con-centration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (350K) -
1964 年 30 巻 1 号 p. 88
発行日: 1964年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (54K)
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