巻号一覧
46 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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田北 徹1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEggs and larvae of Callionymus flagris, C. richardsoni, and C. ornatipinnis were observed. The eggs of these species have the following characters in common, i.e., spherical shape with a diameter of about 0.7mm, a partially segmented yolk, lack of oil globule, and egg-membrane with a hexagonal pattern. Eggs of C. flagris can be distinguished from eggs of other species by the size of its hexagonal pattern.
Processes of embryonic development are almost the same as known in common teleostean fishes.
Larva of each species is about 1mm long just after hatching, and 2- to 4-days-old larva is about 2mm long. Larva of each species has the following characters in common, i.e., spine-like patterns on dorsal and ventral fin folds, two layers of dorsal tissue, and longitudinal row of melanophores on the lateral boby. The melanophores on dorsal and ventral edges near the top of the tail are useful to distinguish the species of larvae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1341K) -
上野 紘一, 岩井 修一, 小島 吉雄1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 9-18
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーKaryotypes of three spinous loaches, Cobitis biwae, C. taenia taenia and C. taenia striata from western Japan were investigated. As the result, chromosome polymorphisms and polyploid (tetraploid) were observed in these species.
(1) C. biwae: Diploid specimens showed 48 chromosomes in 2n number. There were three types in chromosome constitutions such as 22M+20SM, ST+6A, 20M+20SM, ST+8A and 20m+18SM, ST+10A. On the other hand, teraploid specimens were characterized by 96 chromosomes which consisted of 38M+54SM, ST+20A. (2) C. taenia taenia: Diploid specimens with 50 chromosomes were characterized by 12M+4SM+34A. In the tetraploid forms, two types of individuals with 86 and 94 chromosome numbers were foud. These complements were made up of 32M+32SM, ST+22A in the former, and 26M+32SM, ST+36A in the latter. (3) C. taenia striata: Diploid form was the same as that of C. taenia taenia, whereas tetraploid form possessed 98 chromosomes consisting of 20M+22SM, ST+56A. (4) The geographical distribution on each group with different karyotypes showed that they have their own habitats forming respective isolated associations.
Systematics and speciation in three species of Cobitidae were discussed on the bases of the karyotypic differentiation and habitat segregation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2478K) -
岩崎 行伸1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 19-25
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRelationship between ecology of fish shoals and their body size compositions was examined using the fishing operation data obtained from tuna purse seine fishing. The fish landed wer yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacore, and skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis, in the Kinan and Izu regions from April 1973 to September 1977. The areas investigated were from long. 135°E to 142°E and from lat. 30°N to 35°N. In this experiment, the author attempted to examine the frequency of the same fish size group by a study of the body size compositions of the fish in each age group in the shoals. Thefollowing results were obtained.
Yellowfin tuna in the shoal with birds ranged from 80 to 172cm in body length and was mostly composed of only one age group. The fish body length of the shoal of yellowfin tuna with something floating, shark or whale ranged from 40 to 162cm and the shoal had different age groups. The relationship between the body length (x)cm and body weight (y)kg of yellowfin tuna and skipiack is as follows; The shoal of yellowfin tuna with birds: y=1.08x-102.18. The shoal of yellowfin tuna with things floating, shark or whale: 0.92x-82.37. The shoal of skipjack with birds: y=0.14x-4.21. The shoal of skipjack with things floating, shark or whale: y=0.13x-3.89.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (528K) -
室賀 清邦, 吉松 隆夫, 笠原 正五郎1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 27-30
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA monogenean parasite was found on the gills of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) taken from the Chizuka Pond in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, in 1978. The parasite was identified as Urocleidus ferox, MUELLER 1934 according to the taxonomical keys of PRICE and MCMAHON (1967) and referring to the description of Onchocleidus mucronatus (synonym of U. ferox) made by MIZELLE (1938).
The finding worthy of special mention is the vas deferens of the present species loops around the intestinal crus in contradiction to the YAMAGUTI's key of diagnosing the genus Urocleidus.
This is the first record of this monogenean parasite in Japan, and it was considered that the parasite had been introduced from North America simultaneously with the introduction of bluegills.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (273K) -
小長谷 庸夫1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 31-34
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhile ascending streams from the sea to the upper river, the fry of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) has a strong anadromous character and shows jumping response not only to water falls but also to underwater sound.
Generally, the auditory sensitivity of fish has been studied with electrophysiological or psychophysical experiments. It may also be posible to study it by the behavioral observation of the jumping response of the fish to underwater sound.
From these observations, the following results were obtained:
1) The most sensitive frequency of the fish to underwater sound was about 200Hz. However, the sensitivity of the fish was not clear above 600Hz.
2) The lowest threshold level of underwater sound for jumping response was 72dB (re1μPa) at a frequency of 200Hz.
3) The numbers of fish responding to the sound pressure were distributed following a normal curve in the range of 70 to 80dB (re1μPa).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (255K) -
渡辺 武, 大和 史人, 北島 力, 藤田 矢郎1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 35-41
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA trial was conducted in order to improve the dietary value for red seabream juvenile of Artemia nauplii of the freshwater type containing a high amount of 18:3ω3, the EFA for freshwater fish, by feeding them marine Chlorella and ω-Yeast, both rich in ω3 HUFA, such as 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3.
Feeding of the newly-hatched nauplii of the freshwater type from San Francisco to fish resulted in sudden heavy losses of the fish on 6th day of feeding, and a high cumulative mortality. The survival rate at the activity test of the fish was also low in these fish. The dietary value of the nauplii was effectively improved by feeding them marine Chlorella or ω-Yeast, and the high mortality was markedly reduced. The juveiles receiving nauplii of the marine type from San Francisco and Canada, containing relatively a high amount of 20:5ω3, one of the EFA required by marine fish, were high in the survival rate, indicating that Artemia of the marine type are satisfactory as food for the red seabream.
The most marked difference between the fish fed respectively with the freshwater type nauplii and those cultured with marine Chlorella or ω-Yeast was the shock syndrome observed in the fish fed on the former nauplii during the activity test. These results clearly demonstrated that the content and class of EFA contained in Artemia are the principal factor in the food value of Artemia to fish.
The analyses of Artemia eggs from different locations for fatty acids showed that Atremia can be roughly classified inot two types, the freshwater type and the marine type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (495K) -
北島 力, 荒川 敏久, 大和 史人, 藤田 矢郎, 今田 克, 渡辺 武, 米 康夫1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 43-46
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new kind of yeast(ω-Yeast) as a food for rotifers was produced by supplementing pollock liver oil or cuttlefish liver oil at levels of 8% to 15% to the culture medium of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The dietary value for red sea bream larvae of rotifers cultured with ω-Yeast containing different amounts of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (ω3 HUFA) was compared with those cultured with respectively baker's yeast (Y-rotifer)and marine chlorella Chlorella minutissima (C-rotifer).
The lower growth rate and higher mortality observed in the fish fed on Y-rotifer were clearly improved by giving them Y-rotifer cultured with ω-Yeast, supplemented with pollock liver oil at a 8% level. The dietary value of rotifers was found to be proportional to the ω3 HUFA content in the yeast and the content was effectively elevated by replacing pollock liver oil with cuttlefish liver oil or by increasing an amount of lipid from 8% to 15%, added to the culture medium of the yeast. The highest dietary value was obtained in the rotifers cultured with ω-Yeast produced by supplementing cuttlefish liver oil at a 15% level, comparable to those obtained by the larvae fed on C-rotifer.
Thus, it has been demonstrated that the content of ω3 HUFA in the rotifers is the principal factor in the nutritional quality of rotifers as a living feed and that the high mortality observed frequently in red sea bream larvae in duced by feeding them Y-rotifer as a single as a single feed is due to ω3 HUFA deficiency in the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
北島 力, 吉田 満彦, 渡辺 武1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 47-50
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA feeding trial was conducted in otder to compare the dietary value for Ayu larvae of rotifers cultured with a new type of yeast (designated as ω-Yeast) (S-rotifer), produced by supplementing cuttlefish liver oil to the culture medium of baker's yeast, with those cultured with repectively baker's yeast (Y-rotifer) and marine chlorella Chlorella minutissima (C-rotifer). These rotifers were found to contain ω3 highly unsaturated faty acids (ω3 HUFA), the essential fatty acids (EFA) for marine fish, at levels of 26.5%, 4.6% and 12.7%, respectively. The best growth rate, expresed by the total body length, was obtained in the fish fed on S-rotifer, followed by the fish on C-rotifer. The fish receiving Y-rotifer showed lower growth rate and a higher mortality as observed in the case of marine fish.
On the other hand, the appearance of deformed fish was slightl observed in all the experimental groups, without respect to the ω3 HUFA content of rotifers. The fatty acid composition of larvae was significantly affected by that of rotifers, and the fish fed on S-rotifer or C-rotifer were high in the content of ω3 HUFA.
These results indicate that ω-Yest is of a superior food value for rotifes and that Ayu may require ω3 HUFA as one of the EFA for their normal growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (299K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 51-55
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the transport mechanism of dietary lipids, the labelling pattern of lipid classes was investigated on the lipids extracted from the intestinal content, hind-gut, hepatopancreas, muscle, and hemolymph after oral administration of [14C] tripalmitin to the prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Besides this, the incorporation of radioactivity into serum lipoproteins was examined. Most of the radioactive serum lipids were associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) and very high density lipoprotein (VHDL), but not with low density lipoprotein, chylomicron, and very lowe density lipoprotein. The lipids of HDL2, HDL3, and VHDL contained polar lipids as the major radioactive lipid classes. The above data was discussed in relation to the lipid transport mechanism in the prawn, P. japonicus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 57-62
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe serum lipoproteins of the prawn, Penaeus japonicus, were separated by ultracentrifugation method. Most of the hemolymph lipids of this prawn, regardless of the sex, was associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) and very high density lipoprotein (VHDL), but scarcely with low density lipoprotein (LDL). No lipid was detected in the chylomicron, plus very low density lipoprotein fraction. As the lipid moieties, the HDL3 and VHDL contained abundance of polar lipids (PL) (65-85% of lipids), whereas the HDL2 involved substantial amounts of free sterols, diglycerides, and free fatty acids besides PL (40-47%). In every lipoprotein, the lipids contained palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, eicosamonoenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids as the prominent fatty acids. This data was discussed in relation to the lipid transport mechanism in crustaceans.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (386K) -
鈴木 敏郎, 鴨居 郁三, 小原 哲二郎1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 63-68
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) in the liver extract of young yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by chromatographies on columns of DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The final preparation (S-2) was found to be homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis at pH9.4. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the enzyme were estimated to be about 67, 000 (by gel filtration method) and pH4.5 (by isoelectric focusing method), respectively. The enzyme had the optimum pH at 8.0 and showed the highest enzyme activity at 40°C. It was stable over the pH range of pH7.0 to 9.5, and below 35°C. Km of the enzyme was estimated to be 2.5×10-4 M. The enzyme was inhibited by such metal ions as Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Al2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, but not by p-chloromercuribenzoate and EDTA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
鴨居 郁三, 鈴木 敏郎, 小原 哲二郎1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe purification of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) in the pyloric caeca extract of young yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, was accomplished by chromatographies on columns of DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 and G-200. The final preparations (PS-1-1 and PS-2) were homogeneous in poly-acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis at pH9.4.
The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of PS-1-1 were estimated to be over 450, 000 and pH4.7, respectively. The optimum pH of PS-1-1 was 7.0 and the enzyme showed the highest enzyme activity at 40°C. This esterase was stable between pH5.5 to 7.5, and below 30°C. Km of PS-1-1 was estimated to be 1.0×10-4M. PS-1-1 was inhibited by some metal ions and reagents such as Hg+2, Zn+2, Mg+2, Ni+2, CH2ICOOH and p-chloromercuribenzoate.
On the other hand, PS-2 had the molecular weight of approximately 52, 000, the isoelectric point at pH5.6. The optimum pH of PS-2 was 8.0 and the enzyme showed the highest enzyme activity at 40°C. The PS-2 was stable between the pH range of 7.5 to 8.5, and below 30°C. Km of PS-2 was 1.6×10-4M, and PS-2 was inhibited by Hg+2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
一般成分の季節変化平野 敏行, 中村 秀男, 須山 三千三1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 75-78
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA seasonal variation of the proximate composition in the muscles and viscera of wild and cultured ayu (sweet smelt), caught monthly from May to November, was studied. In the muscles of both specimens, the decrease of moisture and increase of fat was observed during the growth in summer, and the opposite tendencies occurred during the maturation in autumn. The protein content of the muscles decreased slightly from summer to autumn, while that of the viscera increased markedly. There was no appreciable difference in the ash content of muscles between wild and cultured ayu, but a large amount of ash was detected in the viscera of wild ayu in early summer. The taste of broiled flesh of wild ayu differed from that of cultured one, and it was assumed that the seasonal change of the taste is affected by the variations of consituents, especially by the lipids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
上村 俊一1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 79-82
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is important to clarify the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic organisms under normal condition in order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in environmental sea water from the change of heavy metal contents in the organisms. For this purpose the normal levels of a few heavy metals in the cultured scallops, oysters and abalones were determined from the relationship between the body weight and the concentration of heavy metals.
The results obtained showed that the concentration of each heavy metal in the soft parts increased with the increase of body weight. The relationship was especially significant in the mid-gut gland including stomach of scallops. These results suggest the existance of a characteristic pattern of heavy metal accumlation for each species, and the pattern observed in the mid-gut gland of scallops together with that in the soft parts may be available as a biological index for the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in environmental sea water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (201K) -
上村 俊一1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 83-85
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLiving feeds collected at each hanging depth of oyster clumps in environmental sea water of oyster farm were analyzed for the determination of copper and zinc.
The results obtained were very similar to those obtained in the former experiment with oyster. The concentration of copper and zinc in oysters cultured at Miyako Bay showed a tendency to decrease according to the hanging depth of oyster clumps, while that in the sea water inversely. The same tendency was also observed in the weight of soft part of oysters.
These results suggest that the growth pattern of cultured oysters, together with the heavy metal accumulation in food substances for oysters, is the principle factor in the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation at each oyster hanging depth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (226K) -
サキイカの褐変度の表示法とその応用林 賢治, 高木 徹1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 87-90
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dried-seasoned squid product has been manufactured from the raw materials of squid. The appeciable browning caused during storage of dried-seasoned squid product results in valuelessness. To show its good quality: to elucidate the discoloration is an important problem in the marine product industry.
In this report, the color-evaluation for browning of dried-seasoned squid prodct is tested. The color grading is estimated according to the following method. Optical density of an extrac with 5% KOH-methanol solution is determined at 400nm, and E-value is computed by the equation [1]. (E-value=O. D.×total volume of extract (ml)/dry weight of sample (g)…[1]). The E-values of normal quality sample and browning sample are less than 5 and more than 5, respectively, in agreement with the degree of browning judged by the naked eye.
The correlations between deteriorative discoloration and the seaoning process or storage condition for dried-seasoned squid product are also described as examples of the above method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (258K) -
杉田 治男, 石田 祐三郎, 門田 元1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 91-95
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of enumeration and isolation of aerobic bacteria in gastrointestine of Tilapia nilotica five different media (media A, B, C, D and E) were examined and selected. As criteria for the selection the number of developed colonies, genus diversity of grown bacteria and recovery of the isolates after repeated transfers were used.
In the course of this study it was found that (1) bacterial number in contents or wall surface of the gastrointestine of the fish was not dependent on the composition of medium, (2) the dominant bacterial group detected from the contents and wall surface of post-intestine was Vibrio-Aeromonas, irrespective of medium comosition, (3) genus diversity of bacteria grown on media A, C and D was large as compared with medium B and E, (4) medium C gave the highest recovery after repeated transfers. Considering these data medium C was selected as the most suitable medium for further study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (385K) -
熊田 弘, 木村 関男, 横手 元義1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 97-103
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBiological effects and accumulation of cadmium stearate, acetate, and chloride in rainbow trout fingerlings were investigated.
No adverse effect was observed on survival, growth and histology of the fish exposed to cadmium compunds vai water at a concentration of 4 μg Cd/l for 10 weeks, and also the fish exposed to the same compounds via food at a concentration of 10 mgCd/kg for 12 weeks. However, the fish orally exposed to cadmium stearate of 100 mgCd/kg showed histological changes of a slight degree in their livers and kidneys.
Total cadmium loads (μgCd/fish) prominently decreased in the fish orally exposed to the chemicals 10 weeks after discontinuation of exposure, while those in the exposed fish via ambient water almost remained unchanged during this time.
Translocation of cadmium in the tissue showed different pattern with route of absorption after withdrawal of exposure. From the results of the present study, it is postulated that the route of cadmium absorption via water chiefly may participate in the accumulation of the metal in fishes under the natural condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (430K) -
荻野 珍吉, 川崎 秀夫, 南梨 弘1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 105-108
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to estimate nitrogen which was lost endogenously during an experimental period, the analyses of the carcass and the excreta for nitrogen were carried out with carp and rainbow trour after feeding them with the protein-free diet. The endogenous loss of nitrogen in carp and rainbow trout were, on the average, 14 mg and 9.5 mg/100g wt/day, respectively, and the values changed in direct proportion to the body weight, Accordingly, the nitrogen retained in the fish body can be calculated respectively by the following equations, when feeding of the fish was done in relatively short period of around 20 days; (carcass-N increase of protein fed group (g))+(w1+w2/2×0.00014(for carp) or 0.000095 (for rainbow trout)×d(g)), where w1 and w2 denote the body weight at the beginning and the end, and d the number of days of the feeding. The values for NPU of an egg-yolk protein at different dietary levels were determined with rainbow trout by the present method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (257K) -
荻野 珍吉, 南梨 弘1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 109-112
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe nutritve value of hen's egg-proteins, muscle-proteins of rainbow trout and common squid (Todarodes pacificus), and casein was determined by the feeding trials of rainbow trout with the diets containing these proteins at a 30% level. The valus for PER and NPU of the egg-yolk protein, whole egg protin, egg albumin, and the muscle proteins were all equally high, whereas those of casein were somewhat lower. Hen's egg proteins were found to have the highest nutritive value not only for higher animals but also for this fish species. The essential amino acid comtents (%) of the proteins having high values of PER and NPU were; leucine, 8.1-10.1; isoleucine, 5.5-6.2; valine, 5.0-7.3; threonine, 1.2-1.5; arginine, 5.8-8.2; histidine, 2.7-3.2; and lysine, 6.3-10.0, respectively. Casein contained less amounts of sulfur-amino acids and arginine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
松野 隆男, 松高 寿子, 勝山 政明, 永田 誠一1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 113
発行日: 1980/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (99K) -
1980 年 46 巻 1 号 p. e1
発行日: 1980年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (39K)
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