日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
37 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1~18を表示しています
  • 資源量試算
    柴田 恵司, 青山 恒雄, 見元 孝一, 西ノ首 英之
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 825-830
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The total amount of fish stocks could be estimated from data obtained by the S-type echo counter. The results of the trial calculations are:
    1. The densities of densely concentrated fish schools are 1.84 to 76 fish per 1m3 around the waters off Koyama-Misaki.
    2. The total amount of fish stocks is given as 590×106 anchovies of 9cm in length, and 5, 300 tons when the body weight is 9g per fish.
    3. From the power spectrum of fish density index, Ni, it is estimated that the geographic distribution of fish schools is of a clustered nature and the relative distance of densely concentrated fish schools may be more than 1, 000m.
    4. Errors of the echo counting system could not be clarified. Deep and careful attention should be paid to the caribrations of the acoustic, electronic and mechanic circuits, because errors in estimated value is directly due to that of the counting system.
  • シロウオの消化器官系
    田村 栄光, 本間 義治
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 831-839
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Digestive organs, such as the intestine, liver and pancreas, of the spawning and spent migratory ice-goby, Leucopsarion Petersi HILGENDOLF, were examined histologically. The intestinal canal of the fish caught in the spawning bed showed much reduction in its cavity. While the mucous epithelium showed pronounced degeneration, the muscular layer and submucosa thickened considerably. In the liver of the marine specimen and of the upstream migrant, a large amount of fat was still accumulated. A rapid and great decrease in the hepatic cells was then brought about in fully mature fish near the spawning bed. Although remarkable atrophy of an exocrine pancreas and decrease in the amount of zymogen granules were detected in fish from the spawning bed and spent fish, no detectable change in the regression of endocrine pancreas was recognized throughout the breeding season. It was noticed that the degree of regression of these organs in the female fish was greater than that inthe male.
  • 宗宮 弘明, 田村 保
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 840-845
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown that the deep-sea fish Chlorophthalmus albatrossis, which lives at a depth of 200m to 400m, has some interesting characteristics on its eyes.
    1. Chlorophthalmus has yellow lens. The absorption spectrum of the yellow lens measured revealed an absorption maximum at about 400nm. This peak is not detected in the colorless lens of Argentina semifasciata.
    2. Both cones and rods are present in the retina. All the cones examined had been twin cones and are concentrated in the ventral part of the retina.
    3. From the distribution of the visual cells, the retina is divided into three areas; the first is the twin cone area, the second is the horizontal line area, and the third is the rod area.
    4. Our observations on the form of the head, the position of the eyes, and the structure of the retina, indicate that the visual axis of the eye is directed upward.
    5. The functional significance of the twin cone is discussed.
  • 米沢 勝之, 田村 保
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 846-850
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) In stead of the critical fusion frequency (cff) of the flicker-ERG, the frequency at which the amplitude becomes half the maximum amplitude (FHMA) was adopted to investigate the ability to perceive moving objects in the three species of fishes. Effects of light intensity and temperature upon the FHMA were studied.
    (2) The FHMA of the light-adapted eyes of the fishes vary not only with light intensity, but also with temperature.
    (3) In rainbow trout, when the temperature was raised and reached 23-25°C, the FHMA decreased. These high temperatures seem to deteriorate the eye funotion.
    (4) The FHMA changed linearly as a function of light intensity.
    (5) In a given temperature and light intensity, the FHMA is highest in rainbow trout, lowest in eel and intermediate in goldfish. This conclusion harmonizes well with the visual habits of the fishes and with the sizes of their optic tecums.
  • 大村 百合, 小栗 幹郎
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 851-860
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fine structures of fish pineal organ were investigated, with special reference to the photoreceptor cells during the developing and degenerating processes. Remarkable structural changes were detected in the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. From these changes in ultrastructures, the following eight types of outer segments were distinguished; 1) ciliary, 2) tubular, 3) partially lamellar, 4) wholly lamellar, 5) modifiing lamellar, 6) distorting and swirling lamellar, 7) isolating lamellar, and 8) exhausted types.
  • 沈降力の効果
    小長谷 庸夫
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 861-865
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper deals with the effect of sinkers on the performance of a purse seine in operation. The items considered are the sinking speed of leadline and the netting form in water. The experiments were conducted by the models.
    The results are summarized as follows:
    1. The sinking speed of the bottom margin of the purse seine is proportional to the square root of the weight of sinkers. However, the resistance of leadline acts a little.
    2. Tension in the purse line is proportional to the weight of the sinkers.
    3. The weight of the sinkers exert an influence upon net configuration; large weight of sinkers makes its working depth much more large and lessens the concavity of the scooping net wall during pursing.
  • 縮結と網たけについて
    小長谷 庸夫
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 866-870
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The influence of hanging and net depth on gear characteristics of the purse seine was investigated.
    The results obtained are summarized as follows;
    1) The sinking speeds of large hanging and shallow nets are larger than those of smaller hanging and deep nets.
    2) The most favorable shape such as the cupping and scooping action during pursing was observed with the use of a model net and it was noticed that webbing was “hung in” to the corkline leadline 10% (0.1).
    3) The tension in the purseline during pursing was roughly proportional to the net depth, but it was evident that hanging has little effect on tension.
  • 関 伸夫
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 871-876
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    AMP deaminase, which catalyzes the deamination of AMP to form IMP and NH3, has been known to be widely distributed in various kinds of animal tissue, however, its presence in the muscles of some invertebrates such as mollusca has been questioned.
    The author has detected AMP deaminase activity in the muscle of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, and partially purified the enzyme by high speed centrifugation, ethanol fractionation, Li2SO4 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE cellulose.
    The partially purified enzyme is rapidly inactivated in the absence of ATP by dialysis and heat. ATP is considered to activate and simultaneously to stabilize this enzyme effectively. The optimum pH was found to be near pH 6.4 in citrate Tris buffer. The enzyme is specific for 5'-AMP.
  • 坐りにおけるたん白質の主鎖動向
    丹羽 栄二, 三宅 正人
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 877-883
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this series of our studies is to clarify the mechanisms of the seting (Suwari) and deterioration (Modori) phenomena, which take place in the course of processing of “Kamaboko”.
    The present paper deals with changes in the conformation of fish meat protein on setting which is induced by heat treatment of viscous fish meat containing sodium chloride at relatively low temperature (for example 38°).
    Physico-chemical constants, i. e. X-ray diffraction pattern, infrared spectrum and optical rotation dispersion curve were measured, obtaining the following results.
    1) It was found that the protein related to the setting was actomyosin.
    2) No changes in the conformation of polypeptide were observed in either raw meat or ground meat.
    3) A small disorder in the arrangement of protein molecules was detected, when meat was ground with sodium chloride, though α-helical structure was retained.
    4) A part of the α-structure of polypeptide was transformed into a random coiled one at the advanced stage of setting.
  • 坐りにおけるたん白質側鎖の動向
    丹羽 栄二, 三宅 正人
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 884-890
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The reactivities of the side groups of polypeptide chains in relation to gel formation during the setting of fish meat paste were investigated and the following results were obtained.
    1) The jelly strength of the gel formed on setting was decreased strikingly by the addition of more than 40% water (w/w) to the raw meat.
    2) The strength was decreased also by the addition of urea (4M) or guanidine hydrochloride (1M) to the fish meat paste.
    3) The amount of SH groups in the gel remained at a nearly constant level during the setting process.
    4) No change in the acidic dye-binding ability of the protein was observed during the setting process.
    5) The basic dye-binding ability remained at a nearly constant level at the beginning of setting, but decreased slowly after 30 min.
    6) Deuterium exchange ability of the imino groups of peptide bonds was increased by the addition of sucrose to the fish meat paste.
    Based on the above results, the formation of a protein network during the setting process of fish meat paste was discussed.
  • 金沢 昭夫, 手島 新一
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 891-898
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study deals with the in vivo conversion of cholesterol-14C to steroid hormones in the spiny lobster, Panulirus japonica.
    Two days after injection of cholesterol-14C to the spiny lobster, the separation of bioconversion products was carried out about the hepatopancreas, ovaries, and blood. As the bioconversion products, the radioactive progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and-rostenedione, and testosterone were identified from the hepatopancreas, ovaries, and blood. Moreover, from the hepatopancreas, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were detected.
    From these results, it is suggested that the spiny lobster, Panulirus japonica, may possess the enzyme systems catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones.
  • 金沢 昭夫, 吉岡 満城, 手島 新一
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 899-903
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Very little information has been reported about the sterol in diatoms. In this paper, the sterol composition of the marine diatoms, Cyclotella nana and Nitzschia closterium was investigated.
    The sterols from Cyclotella and Nitzschia gave the melting point of 148°C and the molecular weight of 398 (mass spectrum). In gas-liquid chromatography on four different columns, this algal sterols were found to be composed of only one component identified as brassicasterol. Infrared absorption spectra and mass spectra analyses also supported the structure of brassicasterol.
  • キハダマグロ・ジェリーミート筋繊維細片の観察
    小長谷 史郎, 天野 慶之
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 904-911
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to see the extent of a destruction of muscle tissue occurring in the jellied meat, the so called “azuki”, of yellowfin tuna, the susceptibility of the jellied muscle to distintegration during homogenizing was examined by microscopic observation of the size and shape of the fragments released, and by a determination of myofibrillar protein extractability thereof. The jellied muscle was much more readily disintegrated into myofibrillar fragments than normal muscle. And, myofibrillar proteins in the jellied muscle were more easily extracted than those in normal muscle. These results indicate that the muscle tissue in jellied condition is very fragile. A microscopic observation of the fragments released from the jellied muscle showed that the architecture of myofibrils was loosened and/or broken in I band region, possibly at Z disk. Furthermore, a weakening of lateral attachment between myofibrils was suggested.
  • 脂質酸化指標としてのC22:6酸減少率
    庄野 寿彦, 豊水 正道
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 912-918
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to elucidate oxidative deterioration of lipids in fish muscle during storage, the authors prepared homogenates of ordinary muscle of jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, stored them at 5°C, extracted lipids by the method of Folch et al., fractionated the whole lipids into non-polar and polar lipids, and determined their changes in fatty acid contents by GLC using n-octadecane as an internal standard. As a result, polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting the whole lipids decreased with oxidation, C22:6 acid decrease being most predominant; while saturated and monoenoic fatty acids showed comparatively little decrease, C16:0 acid decrease being almost negligible. Changes in fatty acids constituting non-polar and polar lipids should be attributed not only to oxidative deterioration but also to enzymatic hydrolysis. Consequently the decrease rate of C22:6 acid of the whole lipids may be used as a criterion for the oxidative deterioration of lipids in the muscle during storage. Furthermore, the authors propose that it is more convenient to measure the peak area ratio of C22:6 to C16:0 acids and to calculate the decrease rate of C22:6 acid by using the following formula.
    Decrease rate of C22:6 acid (%)=(1-tC22:6/tC16:0/0C22:6/0C16:0)×100
  • その分画と性質
    中川 浩毅, 佐竹 邦子
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 919-926
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mucopolysaccharide-protein complex of whale nasal cartilage contains sialic acidcontaining keratosulfate (SK) as a constituent. SK present in the Pronase digest of cartilage was fractionated by ethanol and cetylpyridinium chloride fractionations, and Dowex 1-X2 chromatography, and the fractions were characterized. SK was distributed in all the fractions, showing polydispersity, and 60-70% of the total did not precipitate at an ethanol concentration of 50%. SK contained small amounts of galactosamine, mannose, and fucose in addition to sialic acid, galactose, and glucosamine which were the main components. The molar ratios of hexose to hexosamine were about 1 in all the fractions. On the other hand, the molar ratios of sialic acid and sulfate to hexosamine differed widely among fractions; the higher the sialic acid contents, the lower were the sulfate contents and molecular weights.
  • 長須鯨のcationic chymotrypsinの諸性質について
    小出 醇, 松岡 芳隆
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 927-935
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Some physical and enzymatic properties of purified fin whale cationic chymotrypsin were studied in comparison with those of bovine α-chymotrypsin. The S20, w value was 2.9 S, and the molecular weight was determined as approximately 20, 000. Fin whale cationic chymotrypsin was found to be composed of about 165 amino acids residues. It is noteworthy that a molecule of fin whale cationic chymotrypsin contains only 4 half-cystine residues unlike bovine α-chymotrypsin, which possesses 10 such residues. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was about 7.2 (μ=0.1). The optimum pH for caseinolytic and esterolytic activities were almost the same as that of bovine α-chymotrypsin. The caseinolytic activity of both enzymes was affected by a low concentration of CaCl2, but in markedly different ways. The substrate specificity was similar to that of bovine α-chymotrypsin. No significant differences were noted between fin whale and bovine cationic chymotrypsins in their reactions to synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors, bivalent cations and other chemical reagents.
  • 柴生田 正樹, 橋本 芳郎
    1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 936
    発行日: 1971/09/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1971 年 37 巻 9 号 p. 937
    発行日: 1971年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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