巻号一覧
46 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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春日 清一1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1073-1076
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify whether physiological difference of fish affects the result of toxicity test of heavy metals, tow groups of medaka, Oryzias Latipes were prepared: one in which sexual maturation was induced under a long photoperiod (group L; 16L-8D, 25°C) and the other in which it was inhibited under a short photoperiod (group S; 8L-16D, 25°C). Sexually activated female of group L had the largest hepatosomatic index and sexually activated male of group L the smallest among the test groups. Hepatosomatic indices for both sexes of group S were intermediate nad not significantly different from each other. In the acute toxicity test of cadmium, sexuall activated female fish showed least susceptibility, while males were, reversely, most susceptible. Both female and male of sexually inactivated fish (group S) were intermediate in susceptibility and did not differ significantly from each other. Thus, susceptibility was correlated not with sexual maturation but with the hepatosomatic index which might indicate the detoxication potential.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
富田 政勝, 岩橋 正雄, 鈴木 亮1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1077-1081
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNumber of the eggs in the ovaries and eggs spawned and their diameter and per cent eyed eggs were examined in adult femlaes of various weights and ages to obtain basic information for the systematic fry production of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. The number of the eggs spawned (SE) and the eggs in the ovaries (OE) increase proportionally with the body weight (W) of adult females as follows: SE=119.4W-0.643, OE=218.9W-34.380. However, the number of the eggs spawned per unit body weight was relatively constant. Namely, adbout 119 eggs per unit body weight and about 54% of the total number of the eggs in the ovaries were spawned at a time. The mean diameter of ripe unfertilized eggs of the 2-year-age group was smaller than of the 4-7 and loder age groups, but no significant differences were found in mean diameter among other age groups. There were no significant differences in the per cent eyed eggs among all age groups. The composition of the egg size in the ovaries demonstated characteristic features of the type of asynchronism, that is, the ovary in the full stage contains eggs of various sizes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (357K) -
示野 貞夫, 細川 秀毅, 竹田 正彦, 梶山 英俊1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1083-1087
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーYoung yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, were fed for 30 days on five isocaloric formulated diets with calorie to protein ratios of 52, 60, 70, 77 and 92kcal/kg/% protein-prepared by varying the levels of white fishmeal (86-45%) and pollack liver oil (0-19%)-, and the growth, feed conversion and body composition were determined. The weight gain and feed efficiency increased with an increase in the dietary calorie to protein ratios, reaching a maximum with the ratio 70 diet containing 53% protein and 15% fat, and both values decreased with a still greater increase in the ratios. The dietary calorie to protein ratios correlated positively with the fat content of the body, but no significant differences were observed in the contents of the other components tested. However, the maximum protein and energy retentions were observed when the fish were fed on the ratio 70 diet. The results of this and previous studies indicate that the adequate supplement of high-quality lipids to the yellowtail diet is efficient in improving the growth and feed conversion, and that the optimum calorie to protein ratio was around 70 kcal/kg/% protein at these diet conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
早瀬 茂雄, 田中 昌一1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1089-1096
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The seasonal growth pattern and the reproductive processes of embiotocid fishes around Odawa Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, are examined on the basis of measuring age, body length and weight, fat weight, gonad weight, and the size and number of young in brood.
2) Two regression straight lines fit the data of relations between body length and body weight for females and two or three regression lines may be applied to the data of relations between total body length and body weight for embryos at the stage of gestation in the ovary of female mother of three species of embiotocid fishes.
3) The value of the coefficient of variation is shown to continue to rise up until the individuals reach about 70mm in fork length, then gradually decreased as the individuals grew older.
4) The growing season is seen to occur roughly from May to September and the non-growing season from October to February of the next year. In D. viridis and D. temmincki, the males are 2 or 3mm bigger in mean body length than the females during the growing season of the first year but during the growing season of second year, the females are bigger than the males.
5) A time lag of about six months between males and females of D. viridis and D. temmincki is seen in the reproductive cycle and the fat contained have a close relation to sexual maturation.
6) Embryos are born at the stage of juvenile or young after about 3 months gestation in the ovaries of females. In 1+year old mother, D. viridis has generally 12-13 young, N. ransonneti has 10-11 young and D. temmincki has 8-9 young. The size of young born is the biggest in D. temmincki and the smallest in N. ransonneti.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (473K) -
長浜 嘉孝, 香川 浩彦, 田代 文男1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1097-1102
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of mammalian and salmon gonadotropins and various steroid hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) were investigated in amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus and rainbow trout Salmo gairdnri oocyte using an in vitro incubation technique. Partially purified chinook salmon gonadotropin (SG-G 100) was found to be effective in inducing GVBD in the folliculated oocytes of both amago salmon and rainbow trout, thus indicating that the ovarian follicles are the major sites of gonadotropin action; however, none of the mammalian gonadotropins induced GVBD.
Progestational steroids were shown to be much more effective than corticosteroids in inducing GVBD in these fishes; of the steroids, 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone was the most potent GVBD inducer in rainbow trout. In both amago salmon and rainbow trout, testosterone was less effective, while estradiol-17β was ineffective. However, in vitro ovulation never occurred following in vitro gonadotropin- or steroid-stimulated GVBD, thus suggesting that oocyte maturation and ovulation are controlled by two different hormonal mechanisms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1071K) -
川津 浩嗣1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1103-1107
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHematological changes in common carp during the recovery period from molinate anemia were studied. Anemia was inducced by 14-day exposure to molinate (0.32 ppm). Anemic fish were transferred to, and maintained for 11 weeks in, clean water. Hematological examinations were undertaken 8 times at one and/or two week intervals. The initial RBC, Hb and Ht values were 218-257×103, 1.25-1.33g and 4.0-4.9%, respectively. The RBC recovered within 5 weeks, but the recovery of Hb and Ht was retarded. A considerable decrease of MCHC, MCV and MCH was observed during the first 3 weeks. While MCHC recovered within 7 weeks, MCV and MCH did not recover sufficiently during the 11-week observation period. Based on these fingings, molinate anemia was categorized as a hypochromic microcytic anemia, characterized by a high percentage of immature erythrocytes. In leucocytes, a remarkable increase in the number of spindle cells was noted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (266K) -
本田 晴朗1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1109-1112
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt was demonstrated that the male rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were able to discriminate post-ovulatory females from pre-ovulatory ones on the basis of a chemical cue.
Some important aspects derived from the experiments are listed as follows;
1. Post-ovulatory females released a female sex pheromone, which males detect by olfaction.
2. The female sex pheromone was present in the genital cavity fluid and in the ovaries of post-ovulatory females.
3. The female sex pheromone was divided into two water and/or ether soluble basic substances, having Rf values of 0.11 and 0.00 on the thin layer(sillica gel )chromatogram with a cyclohexane-ethyl alcohol-acetone(1:1:1)solvent.
4. The female sex pheromone from post-ovulator females played such roles as informing males of the occurrence of ovulation in females, attracting males, and eliciting persistent courship of males.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
辻野 勇, 矢部 和夫1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1113-1115
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing a repeated active carbon column chromatography, a characteristic 320 nm UV-absorbing substance (X1) from the red alga, Chondrus yendoi, was isolated as white crystals. It is very soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, and insoluble in all other organic solvents. its chemical formula was C10H16N2O5, mp 156-158°C (dec.), [Γ]a¬-7.9 (c=1.5, water), UV (water) max 320 nm (log ε=4.55), MS(FD) m/e 245 (MH+)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1015K) -
中山 昭彦, 佐茂 須美子1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1117-1123
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwenty-five samples of canned drinks incubated at 55C° were examined in microbial aspects during high temperature storage. Forty spoiled cans were found in six kinds of canned coffee samples. The appearance of these was very similar to that of flat sour spoilage. Spoilage ratios ranged from 0.3 percent to 3.6 percent. pH values and degrees of vacuum of the spoiled cans were lower than those of the normal cans. The contents of spoiled cans were more whitish than the normal ones and in some cans separated into clear supernatants and precipitates, but the change of flavor was very slight.
From 15 out of 40 spoiled cans some spore-forming obligate anaerobes were isolated. Among 15 isolates inoculated in normal canned coffee samples, 12 isolates caused flat sour spoilage, and there is a chance that the spores of 10 isolates survive the sterilization processes (F0: 15-20). These principal characteristics except for the failure of sulfate reduction might indicate the participation of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans.
The flat sour spoilage found in this study was caused by at least 9 obligate anaerobic isolates, and called by the authors“A New Type of Flat Sour Spoilage”(O. A. Flat Sour Spoilage.).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (471K) -
藤本 健四郎, 金田 尚志1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1125-1130
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwentyone species of marine algae were examined for antioxidant activity, and it was noticed that more than half of them showed the antioxygenic effect. Especially several species of the chloroform-soluble fractions of brown algae showed a considerable antioxygenic effect. In some algae, such as Eisenia bicyclis, the effective principle was contained in the phospholipid fraction, but tha of Undaria pinnatifda was not present in the phospholipid fraction. These results suggested the possibility of the existence of various antioxygenic compounds in marine algae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
松本 重一郎, 細田 秀治, 土屋 隆英1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1131-1135
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFor promoting the utillization of the dark muscle rich fish, separation of the dark muscle from the normal(white) muscle has been undertaken by use of differential flotation. This technique is based on the difference in the lipid content and, thus, in the density between the dark muscle and the normal muscle. On a small scale tests with a series of flotation medium, e. g. sucrose solution, of various concentrations; densities of the dark and normal muscles have been determined piece by piece according to the threshold medium density above which the muscle piece turns from singking to floating. The data covering various positions of the body and a large number of fish illustrated that the frequency-density histogram of the dark muscle locates in a lower density range than that of the normal muscle with respect to a definite sample group of each species such as, sardine, mackerel and horse mackerel. There were non or little overlapping between the dark and normal muscles. By flotation at an intermediary density the minced fish meat was fractionated successfully into a dark muscle rich portion(top layer) and a normal muscle rich portion(bottom). Application of the technique to a large scale production has been proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (333K) -
藤井 建夫1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1137-1142
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe preservability of kusaya and salt-dried fish was compared with samples produced in Niijima Island. The results were as follows: 1) As the viable cell count of salt-dried fish immedeately after drying was 10 times large than that of kusaya, so the degree of deterioration by bacteria during drying thought to be different between these samples .The significant increase in TMA concentration and viable cell count with the lapse of storage time at 20°C was observed in salt-dried fish. 2) dominant microflora of salt-dried fish changed after 5 day's storage at 20°C from Vibrionaceae (42%) and Micrococcus (33%) to Micrococcus (88%). In kusaya sample, Micrococcus became dominant after 5 day's storage, while Corynebacterium was dominant at the begining of storage. 3) No significant difference was observed between the dominant strains of Micrococcus isolated from kusaya and salt-dried fish. 4) Corynebacterium which was the dominant strain of kusaya gravy showed antimicrobial activity against 10 among 12 isolates from raw fish, and 6 among 13 isolates from kusaya. 5) From the above results, it was speculated as the reasons shy storage life of kusaya was superior to that of salt-dried fish that the growth of bacteria on fresh fish was inhibited by the antimicrobial activity of Corynebacterium during immersion in kusaya gravy and the growth of spoilage bacteria on kusaya product might also be inhibited by Corynebacterium during drying and early storage period.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
藤井 建夫1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1143-1146
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーConcerning the good preservability of kusaya, two different hypotheses have been proposed. One was based on the presence of the antimicrobial substance produced by Corynebacterium kusaya and the other was based on the high-pH value of kusaya gravy controlled by some special microoraganisms. In this report, to discuss these hypotheses, pH values and microbial flora of kusaya gravy were examined. The results did not provide any evidences supporting the latter hypothesis. The experiments and results were as follows;
(1) The pH values of kusaya gravy were examined on 24 samples obtained from manufacturers of various places. Among them, 21 samples which had been successively used showed normal pH values of 6.73-7.55 and high pH values of 8.12-8.90 were recorded on 3 uncommon samples which had not been used for a long time.
(2) Changes in pH and microbial flora of kusaya gravy during fish-immersion were examined at kusaya manufacturing factory in Niijima Island. The pH during fish-immersion ranging from6.86-7.05 did not significantly change. The dominant microflora throughout the immersion period were Corynebacterium which showed antimicrobial activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (265K) -
丹羽 栄二, 中山 照雄, 浜田 巌1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1147-1150
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNear infrared (near IR) investigation was carried out in order to determine the state of water in the fish flesh during each process of preparation of the fish gel (Kamaboko). The spectrum of the ground fish flesh of jack mackerel showed two strong bands at 7000cm-1 and 5150cm-1 assigned to the free and sorbed water respectively. Intensities of both bands decreased by the dehydration of the flesh, but the band at 5150cm-1 still remained after dehydration and new bands appeared at 4600cm-1 and 4520cm-1.
By further grinding the ground fish flesh with sodium chloride 3‰(w/w) the fiesh, or by heating thus obtained fish sol at 40°C for 60min, the intensity ratio of the band at 5150cm-1 to that at 7000cm-1 did not change for jack mackerel, sardine, carp or yellow tail, except for and increase in the ratio for the sol from yellow tail on heating. However, by heating the sol at 90°C for 25min, a remarkable decrease was observed in the ratio.
From the above results, it was presumed tha at 90°C, the fish protein underwent considerable conformational change affecting the sorbed water and new hydrogen-bonds were formed between polypeptide chains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
石田 祐三郎, 柴原 弘一, 内田 寛彦, 門田 元1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1151-1158
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution and seasonal changes of obligate and facultative oligotrophs in the water of Lake Biwa were investigated by the MPN-14C-glutamate method with LT10-4 medium (ca 0.6 mg organics in one liter of aged lake water) by means of 14C-uptake techinique as a criterion for bacterial growth.
In unpolluted waters the obligate oligotroph was detected as a dominant population, but not in polluted waters. The proportion of the obligate and facultative oligotrophs to total heterotrophs was very variable in epilimnion, compared with that in hypolimnion. The large population of those oligotrophs in an unpolluted water was observed in late spring to late autumn. The obligate oligotroph has planktonic property and prefers amion acids to glucose. The definition of the oligotrophs was discussed further.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (528K) -
下村 昌夫, 関 伸夫1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1159-1163
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNative tropomyosins were extracted from the two main types of fish muscle, ordinary and dark muscles, and partially purified by salting-out with ammonium sulfate.
SDS∗2-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both the native tropomyosins from the ordinary and dark muscles were similar in composition. They consisted of tropomyosin subunits with a molecular weight of 34, 000, troponin subunits with molecular weights of 30, 000 (T), 21, 000 (I), and 19, 000 (C), and several other components. The ultraviolet absorption specturm of the isolated dark muscle tropomyosin was similar to that of the ordinary muscle tropomyosin.
The dark muscle native tropomyosin conferred calcium sensitivity on the desensitized myosin B to the same degree as the ordinary muscle native tropomyosin. The concentrations of calcium and strontium ions required for half-maximal activation of Mg2+-ATPase activity of the desensitized ordinary muscle myosin B plus dark muscle native tropomyosin were almost equal to those of the ordinary muscle myosin B.
These results suggest the essential similarity of the regulatory proteins in both the types of fish muscle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1905K) -
岸野 拓男, 小林 邦男1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1165-1168
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made of the absorption mechanism of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from media in goldfish, Carassius auratus, through examination of the relationship between the bioconcentration of PCP by the fish and the distribution of PCP in organic solvents/water partitioning systems at various pHs.
The linear relationship was observed between the bioconcentration ratio of PCP in goldfish at 1-h exposure to 0.1 ppm PCP and the distribution ratio of PCP in both the systems of 1-octanol/water and 1-heptanol/water in the pH range from 5.5 to 10, but not in nonpolar solvents/water systems, such as xylene, n-hexane and n-heptane.
The pH-dependent linear relationship between the bioconcentration ratio in the fish and the distribution ratio in the alcohol/water system demonstrates that the transfer of PCP from media to the fish is caused mainly by passive diffusion of the unionized form probably through the gill membrane. The reduction of the toxicity of PCP to the fish with an increase of the pH of media is attributed to the decrease of the concentration of the unionized PCP in the media by conversion into the ionized form, although the ionized PCP is slightly transferred to the fish presumably by hydrogenbonding with polar lipids which constitute the gill membrane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (291K) -
佐々木 喜代志, 金沢 堅二, 藤野 和男1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1169-1175
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーComparison of zymograms of myogen and 13 enzymes exhibited that the presence or absence of the six loci, among 26 loci examined, encoding sorbitol dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, tetrazolium oxidase, and phosphoglucose isomerase can be the key characters for identifying the five species of the abalones: Haliotis discus hannai, H. discus, H. gigantea, H. sieboldii, H. japonica, and their hybrids sampled from the coasts of Japan. No. difference, however, was seen between H. discus hannai and H. gigantea with these characters. While, a marked difference was found between specimens of H. japonica collected from Aki, Kochi and those from Yuki, Tokushima with regard to presence or absence of at least one locus, suggesting a necessity of further systematic work in the future. On the basis of observations on hybrids of wild origin, possible overlapping of spawning seasons of H. discus and H. discus hannai was noted in the waters of Oga, Akita and Yuki, Tokushima sampled so far.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2514K) -
古市 政幸, 仲村 吉弘, 米 康夫1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1177-1181
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was undertaken to clarify whether the radioimmunoassay for the determination of plasma insulin in humans is applicable to quantify that of the fishes, and to improve the assay method. In experiments in which 125I-skipjack insulin was used as a tracer, human insulin did not react to the anti-skipjack insulin serum, whereas skipjack insulin reacted very strongly. Red sea bream and yellowtail insulins showed a similar reaction to skipjack insulin. It was also found that the fish plasma can be employed as the blood plasma which is added into the assay system of standard skipjack insulin. On the basis of these findings, a modified method was presented to determine the plasma insulin of fishes. Furthermore, when this modified method was used, the B/T ratio of standard skipjack insulin exhibited little deviation at various levels, and also high recovery was obtained for red sea bream insulin. These results indicate that this method can be applied to determine the plasma insulin of fishes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (310K) -
渡部 終五, 橋本 周久1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1183-1188
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTropomyosin was isolated in a high yield, from smooth adductor of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by the method which was consisted essentially of isoelectric precipitation and DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Scallop tropomyosin thus purified was homogeneous in SDS-gel electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal analyses.
Sedimentation constant (s020, w) of this tropomyosin was 2.63 S. The molecular weight was estimated to be 70, 000 by sedimentation equilibrium method, and the subunit molecular weight 36, 000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis, both these data indicating that scallop tropomyosin consists of two subunits of the same molecular weight.
The intrinsic viscosity [η] as measured in 1 M NaCl was 0.35dl/g. The salting-out range with ammonium sulfate of this protein was found between 38-44% saturation. Scallop tropomyosin exhibited an absorption spectrunm showing a maximum at 277 nm and a minimum at 252 nm. It was featured by high glutamic and aspartic acid contents, low histidine content, lack of tryptophan, etc.
In most of the above respects, scallop smooth adductor tropmyosin was recognized to be comparable to tropomyosins from various sources, especially from invertebrates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1644K) -
高橋 延昭1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1189
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1081K) -
松野 隆男, 永田 誠一1980 年 46 巻 9 号 p. 1191
発行日: 1980/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (79K)
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