巻号一覧
46 巻, 6 号
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回帰率導出のための数理モデルとその応用桜本 和美, 山田 作太郎1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 653-661
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is important to estimate the true rate of return when we judge the effect of release. As a first step of the estimation, in this paper, we proposed a mathematical model by which we would like to clarify the variation mechanism of the rate of return.
We showed that the rate of return r(t, y) could be written in the following formula under the assumption that it would be determined by the natural mortality coefficient M, the fishing mortality coefficient at the offshore fisheries F(t) in year t and the rate of maturity m(y) of age y:
r(t, 3)=m(3)exp [-(2+(3/4))M-(1/4)F(t)],
r(t, 4)=(1-m(3))m(4)exp [-(3/4)M-(1/4)F(t-1)-(1/4)F(t)],
r(t, 5)=(1-m(3))(1-m(4))m(5)exp [-(4+(3/4))M-(1/4)F(t-2)-(1/4)F(t-1)-(1/4)F(t)].
Using this model it is possible to judge the effectiveness of offshore fisheries, We showed an example of a method of judgement.
If F(t) is constant in the above formula r (t, y) is independent of t, so it is possible to estimate that values using the data of the released number and of the returned number by the least square method. As a result we obtained the estimated values values using the data of all Iwate prefecture; r(3)=0.00107, r(4)=0.00380 and r(5)=0.000549.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (521K) -
給餌放流の効果について桜本 和美, 山田 作太郎1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 663-669
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAfter starting work on planting and feeding, it is found that the rate of return of chum salmon becomes larger. It is difficult, however, to judge the effect of the planting and feeding in a quantita-tive manner because of the following two reassons: 1) It is difficult to estimate the true rate of teturn, 2) The two methods of planting, planting, planting without feeding and planting and feeding, are used jointly.
In this paper we developed further the theory of the previous paper. We estimated the rate of return, for each age, of the group of salmon under planting and feeding by the least square method. And we tried to estimate the effect of the planting and feeding. The rate of return was found to have increased four times due to the planting and feeding. It may be correct to imply that, the younger the fish the ratio of the rate of return with feeding to that without feeding becomes larger.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
餌料としての動物プランクトン分布の季節変化前田 辰昭, 高橋 豊美, 上野 元一1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 671-674
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEcological, Amphipods and Copepods are important food organisms for the Alaska pollack in the adjacent waters of the Funka Bay. In this paper, the seasonal variations of distribu-tion of these three crustacean groups were examined on the date obtained from the vertical hauls with a NORPAC net at six definite stations once each month from february 1974 to February 1975.
(1) Euphausia pacifica of calyptopis and furcilia stages appeared at the inshore station of 50m depth with the inflow of the surface layer water of the Oyashio current in February and March. From July to September, the larger one of this species were predominant at the offshore stations (300-350m depth) where the tip of the bottom layer water of the Oyashio current existed, and became most abundant in the same stations with the access of the mixed water mass of the Tsugaru warm current and the Oyashio mid water current in December and January.
(2) Amphipods, mainly Parathemisto japonica, wereabundant in the offshore stations in March-April and July-August. Their seasonal distribution showed approximately a similar trend to that of E. pacifica.
(3) Pseudocalanus minutus of small size in the Copepods group appeared at the inshore station from March to May. Calanus cristatus, C. plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii bungii were chiefly distributed at the offshore stations (300-400m depth). Their abundance increased from February to May and decreased from August to September.
(4) There is a large variation in the abundance of distribution of these crustacean groups during some years in the abundance of the Alaska pollack, suggesting that the feeding ecology of the Alaska pollack also varies widely wity the availability of these food organisms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (234K) -
梨本 勝昭1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 675-679
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe previous paper discussed the swimming speed of fish in relation to the size and frequency of tail beating and was investigated with simple hydrodynamic modeis measured wity rainbow trout. It became clear that the swimming speed depended on the freqnency of the tail beating, the fish size and body type. The general equation of the formula was V=KL(F-ƒ0)+V0, where V is the speed of swimming fish, F the frequency of tail beating, V0 the minimum speed of swimming at the minimum frequency of tail beating ƒ0, L the total lengty of the fish, K the coefficient of the body type that depends on the frontal area (S1) of the fish and lateral area (S2) of the fish from the center of the mass to the tip of the fail. As we can express this coefficient K as a function of S1 and S2, K=0.40
√S22/S11. In this paper, the center of mass, frontal area (S1) and lateral area (S2) of the fish were measured on various fishes ot different body types, and the coefficient K was calculated respectively. The coefficient K was 1.08, 1.04 for flat fish and saury, and 0.72 for rock fish. value. The other fishes measured in this study have about the same oredr value of 0.8-0.9. A close agreement between the experimental value K by Hunter and Zweifel and the calculated value K by this study was obtained for mackerel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (288K) -
二村 義八朗1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 681-687
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe brine shrimp is one of the typical filter-feeding plankton, but as the shrimp was interfered with the growth in dense algal suspension, the Californian shrimp was reared with marine chlamy-domonad at 28°C to know the effect of algal density from that of ingestion speed. High ingestion rate was found to be responsible for the retarded growth. The filtering rate and ingestion rate was found to be responsible for the retarded trowth. The filtering rate and ingestion rate were measured during the growth experiment, and the regression equations to body length were obtained. The maximal daily ration was found to be enormously large; 3, 5 and 10mm shrimp could ingest about eight, three and one times of the bodiy nitrogen respectively. The critical food density was about tens of chlamydomonads per μl. The gross growth efficiency ranged about 20-25 per cent in terms of nitrogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (504K) -
魚群行動の数式モデル松田 皎, 三宮 信夫1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 689-697
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA mathematical model is presented in order to investigate the problems of fish behavior in relation to fishing gear using the technique of computer simulation. The fundamental equations of motion are described by regarding the motion of a fish as that of a particle. The equations of motion contain the fundamental elements of fish behavior such as mass, drag coeffcient and external forces acting on the fishes. As external forces, the following six forces are introduced: propulsive force, interactive force, schooling force, repulsive force against wall, directional force and random force. The computer simulation is carried out by solving a system of the nonlinear difference equations by means of TSS (Time Sharing System). The position of each individual is plotted as a result of the computer experiment in oredr to check the propriety of the model. The moving patterns of fishes obtained by the simulation are quite similar to actual behavior of fish school. It was shown that the model is suitable for investigating fish behavior in relation to fishing gears.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (506K) -
ワクチンの持続性ならびに製法による有効性の差異伊丹 利明, 楠田 理一1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 699-703
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuration of vaccination efficacy and effect of different vaccine preparations for control of vibriosis in cultured ayu, plecoglossus altivelis, were investigated. Vibro anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in ayu, was incubated in nutrient broth wity shaking at 25°C. Vaccines used in this study were formalin-killed vaccine-96 and heat-killed vaccine, both were prepared from 96h culture; and ultrasonicated vaccine and formalin-killed vaccine-48, were both prepared from 48h culture. Procedures of spray vaccination and artificial water-borne challenge were the same as reported previously.
In the study on the duration of vaccination efficacy, formalin-killed vaccine-96, which was the most effective in the previous report, was used. Efficacy was maintained for 16 weeks, so that booster is unnecessary during almost the whole period of culturing ayu after spray vaccine is administered once.
To examine the effect of different vaccine preparations, four kinds of vaccine described above were used. Formalin-killed vaccine-96 was the most effective among them and formalin-killed vaccine-48 was the least. But ultrasonicated vaccine had almost the same efficacy as formalin-killed vaccine-96. On the basis of these results, disrupted cell walls and released intracellular components are considered to be effective as protective antigens against vibrio infection. Heat-killed vaccine was less effective than formalin-killed vaccine-96; however, it was still effective. Therefore, heat resistant antigens are considered to play an important role in the protection against vibriosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
中腸上皮における細胞更新吉越 一馬1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 705-710
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe cellular dynamics and related morphology in the mid-gut epithelium of Tigriopus japonicus were studied. Colchicine administration at concentrations above 2 ug/ml resulted in a marked decrease in number of the eplthelial cells, dysfunction in the faecal pellet production, and death of the test animals, At a lowered temperature, the survival time of colchicine-treated animals was markedly prolonged. The estimated turnover time of the glandular and absorptive cells in the metasome at 20°C was 9.6 to 10.2 days and 13.6 to 15.7 days respectively. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the epithelial cells arise from undifferentiated cells scattered on the basal lamina of the epithelium, grow in size and abundance of cellular components as maturation pro-gresses, become smaller with age on account of condensation involving the nucleus and cytoplasm, and finally liverate the mselves from the epithe lium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1447K) -
桑野 和民, 津久井 亜紀夫, 三田村 敏男1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 711-715
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe PF-KPC was manufactured by the following 6 steps from the frozen Antarctic krill block: 1) The minced krill was decrusted by centrifuging; 2) The decrusted paste was steamed for 30 min. at 100°C; 3) The cooked krill cake was frozen at -40°C and stored at -20°C; 4) The frozen krill cake was dehydrated by freeze drying; 5) The freeze dried cake was defatted by the azeotrope (η-hexane/ethyl alcohol=79/21, W/W, constant boiling point, 56.7C) for 3 hours; 6) The residual solvent was removed by vacuum drying at 60°C.
The PF=KPC yield was 10.5% from the frozen krill block and nitrogen yield 62.5%. The chemical composition of the PF=KPC was as follows: moisture 7.40%; crude protein 72.3%; crude fat 0.15%; crude ash 15.8%.
The PF-KPC absorbed hot water of (80°C), 4 times as much as its weight. The water-absorbed PF-KPC could be mixed with minced meat foods. And them, it was found that the minced meat-like protein material could be obtained to yield more than 50% from the Anta-rctic krill by this method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (334K) -
ホタテガイ組織における殺菌素と凝集素の活性森 勝義, 刀根 靖幸, 鈴木 敏和, 笠原 恵介, 野村 正1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 717-722
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe extracts of the digestive diverticula (DD) from the normal two-year-old scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, in hanging cultures were found to possess a low level of natural bactericidal activeity (bactericidin titer: 5 to 10) against HS 29 strain, Arthrobacter sp. No activity, however, was observed in the extracts of the kidney, mantle and gill. The natural agglutinin activity against sheep erythrocytes was extremely high (agglutinin titer: 128) in the DD extracts, as compared with that in the extracts of the gonad, giil and adductor muscle.
The natural bactericidal activity of DD which was maximal from March to May declined with the rise of water temperature in the vicinity where scallops were cultivated, and was minimal in hot summer. It exhibited a recovery trend after summer and attained its maximum level in December. The seasonal changes paralleled those in the natural agglutinin activity of DD.
The baseline killing power of DD for HS 29 strain was enhanced conspicuously by admi-nistration of HS 29 strain vaccine (formalin-killed, ca. 1×107cells/ml). The duration of the enhancement was approximately 5 days at 10°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (462K) -
ニトロサミン分解に及ぼす培養条件ならびに酵素反応条件の影響原田 勝彦1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 723-726
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー -
岡崎 恵美子, 神名 孝一, 鈴木 たね子1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 727-732
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe manufacture of a meat-textured fish protein concentrate (MT-FPC), i. e., an FPC possessing the texture characteristic of livestock meat, was attempted from the sardine Sardinops melanosticta.
An MT-FPC of good quality was produced by a method essentially the same as that for Alaska pollack reported previously. Minced sardine meat was washed with 0.4% NaHCO3 and adjusted to pH 7.4-7.8 with solid NaHCO3. To the mince was added solid NaCI up to 1% and the mixture was kneaded, resulting in a viscous paste. The paste was extruded through a mincer into ethanol at 25-30°C. After being stirred for 15 min, the mixture was filtered through cloth to collect the meat. The above operation was repeated once more. The meat was finally air-dried to less than 13% moisture.
The MT-FPC thus prepared was light gray and granular with little fishy odor and good rehydration capacity. The chemical composition of the MT-FPC was: moisture 12.0-12.6%, crude protein 83.7-84.5%, crude fat 0.2-0.4% and crude ash 3.1-3.5%. A sensory evaluation of the hamvurg steaks containing the rehyudrated MT-FPC can replace livestock meat as much as 70% on a wet basis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (380K) -
竹内 レビエン, 竹内 俊郎, 荻野 珍吉1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 733-737
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe requirements and deficiency symptoms of riboflavin and the availability of riboflavin retrabutyrate were investigate wity the carp, Cyprinus carpio, and the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.
The intestinal homoginate of the rainbow trout was found to hydrolyze riboflavin tetrabutyrate and to liberate riboflavin from the ester. The feeding experiwents with these fish species also revealed that the riboflavin-ester was available like free ribofalvin. The fish fed diets containing riboflavin tetrabutyrate accumulated riboflavin in the liver or hepatopancreas.
The anorexia, poor growth, and high mortality rate were observed in both fish species as the general deficiency symptoms of riboflavin. Together with these symptoms, hemorrhage of the skin and the fins in the carp and lesion of the fins and cataract in the rainbow trout were characteristic signs of the deficiercy.
The dietary riboflavin levels required to provide the maximum storage of the vitamin in the hepatic tissue were 0.7 mg in the carp and 0.6mg in in the rainbow trout/100g dry tiet, respectively. The riboflavin requirements of these fish species were not influenced by the dietary lipid levels.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (325K) -
田口 武, 渡部 伸夫, 田中 宗彦, 鈴木 康策, 齋藤 朝治, 大内 正治1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 739-742
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe study was conducted to obtain a simple chemical index for the quality of canned sardines. The sardines stored in ice and their canned products: the K-value, IMP-ratio, and Hx-ratio on the basis of nucleotide decomposition were examined. The results showed that as the freshness of the raw fish lowered, the quality of canned fish became poor. From the fact that a considerable amount of proteins existed in the liquid portion of canned fish, the aggregation reaction by precipitants was examined in connection with their qualities. It was shown that the aggregation turbidity by TCA increased with its concentration, while that by PCA gave a maximum at the concentration of ablut 3% and increased proportionally to the protein concentration. When the turbidity by PCA was plotted against the turbidity of the liquid solution itself, the different straight lines corresponding to the sensory score were obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (235K) -
川内 浩司, 阿部 研一, 高橋 明義1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 743-747
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn intermediate lobe peptide, which are relted to C-terminal region of corticotropin, ACTH (18-39) has been isolated from an alkaline extract of the pituitary gland of the salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, by salt precipiation, ion exchange chromtography, gel filtration and preparative paper electrophoresis. Sequence analysis of the peptide revealed the following primary structure: H-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Thr-Asn-Gly-Val-Glu-Gln-Ser-Ser-Glu-Gly-Phe-Pre-Ser-Glu-Met-OH. The amino acid sequence comparison suggested that the teleost peptide is much closer to the higher vertebrate, such as ostrich than the elasmobranch (dogfish).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (320K) -
佐藤 孜郎, 丹原 敬子1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 749-756
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCross sectional distribution of metals such as; Ca, Mg, K, and Na in the tissues of the fronds of both tangle, Laminaria japonica, and wakame, Undaria pinnatifida, were examined with electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA). These metals were also chemically analyzed, and the composition of stuctural polysaccharides, mainly alginic acid, was examined for both cortex and cetral tissues obatined by scraping off the fronds of tangle.
1) In the observation with EPMA, the Na, K, and Mg contents were higher in central tissues than in the cortex, whereas, regarding Ca content no difference was found in either tissues. In the chemical analysis of the metals in both water soluble and insoluble polysaccharides fractions of the fronds of tangle, almost the same results were obtained as above except the Ca content was evidently higher in cortex than in cetral tissues.
2) The dominant polysaccharides was alginate in both tissues, the polysaccharides other than alginte, fucoidan and laminaran, were higher in cortex than in central tissues, In addition, water insoluble alginate of the cortex was rich in guluronic acid, although that of central tissues was rich in mannuronic acid.
Both matters mentioned above may be concerned with physical properties of the fronds of tangle, such as, either the failure to decompose or the ease of decomposition by boiling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1406K) -
村松 毅, 岩永 伸一, 菅 純教1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 757-762
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGlutathione reductase[EC 1.6.4.2] from the mackerel's dark muscle was purified 12, 400-fold with a 16% yield in electrophoretically homogeneous state, as judged by polyacry lamide disc gel electrophores in the presence and absence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The protein was highly fluorescent and showed a spectrum characteristic to flavoprotein. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 110, 000 for the native and 56, 000 for the denatured. The enzyme was most active at around PH 7.3, less stable below PH 5, with the incubation at 75°C for 15 min brought about a complete loss of activity. An apparent Km of 9.7×10-5M was obtained for oxidized glutathione and 5.5×10-6M for NADPH. Effect of thiol inhibitors and metal ions before and after treatment with NADPH on catalytic activity was investigated. The fact strongly suggested the involvement of active site disulfide hond in the catalytic activity was investigated. The fact strongly suggested the involvement of active site disulfide hond in the catalytic mechanism as proposed on desulfide reductases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1338K) -
田辺 信介, 田中 博之, 立川 涼, 中村 泉1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 763-769
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeveral species of fishes off Chile were analysed for PCBs, DDT and its metabolites, and BHC isomers.
PCB, ∑DDT (DDT+DDE+DDD) and ∑BHC(α-BHC+γ-BHC) concentrations were within the rang of 0.1 to 2.2, 0.3 to 13 and 0.14 to 0.33 ng/g, respectively. It is apparent that PCBS and DDT compounds were more accumulative in fish than BHC.
The composition of ∑DDT were found in the orde of DDE>DDT>DDD.
Of BHC isomers, only α-BHC and γ-BHC were deteced, but β-BHC and δ-BHC were below detection level (<0.02 ng/g).
Fifty-nine PCB compounds composed of two to eight chlorine atoms were detected in the Brama sp., and which contained mainly the compounds with five and six chlorine substitution.
PCB levels in fish off Chile were apparently lower than those from Northern Hemisphere, but the DDT levels were not so different. This result supports an indication that the use of DDT is increasing in the Southern Hemisphere.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (479K) -
梶原 忠彦, 小玉 一哉, 畑中 顯和1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 771-775
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe occurrence of ectocarpene, which is the attractant of male-gamete excreted by the female gametese of the brown maring alga Ectocarpus siliculosus, was first confirmed by the odoriferous essential oils of Dictyopteris prolifera and Dictyopteris undulata.
The “ ocean smell ” of the essential oils from both species of Japanse Dictyopteris, consisted of mainly non-isoprenoids C11-hydrocarbons [dictyopterenes (A.B and C') and ectocarpene]. In striking contrast to D. prolifera, the constituents of “ beach odor ” from Dictyopteris divaricata were sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbons) insteda of the non-isoprenoids (hydrocarbons).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (227K) -
K. S. CHUNG1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 777-780
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe lethal concentration (LC50) values of four heavy metals for the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae were determined by the static bioassays. The test animals were collected from Laguna Grande, Gulf of Cariaco, Sucre State, Venezuela, and were acclimated in the laboratory condition for two weeks prior to bioassays. Acclimation temperature and salinity were 23.5°C and 36‰, respectively.
The 216-h LC50 values (mg/l) determined by probability-logarithm transformation were 0.6 for cadmium (II), less than 1 for copper (II), 7 for chromium (VI), and 16 for zinc (II). The above indicates that the order of toxicties of metals tested to the mangrove oyster is cadmium>copper>chromium>zinc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (267K) -
近田 俊文, 手塚 泰彦1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 781
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (91K) -
永山 文男, 鈴木 宏和, 大島 敏明1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 783
発行日: 1980/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (93K) -
1980 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 785
発行日: 1980年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (19K)
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