巻号一覧
23 巻, 7-8 号
選択された号の論文の35件中1～35を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
飯高 勇之助1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 344-347
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (209K) -
千葉 健治, 大島 泰雄1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 348-353
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn natural condition of sea water there are many grades of turbidity originated from varied kinds of particles, and it is important to know the effect of suspending particles on the living processes of bivalves in our technique of shell culture. Some experiments were carried out to test the rate of pumping and feeding of bivalves (Venerupis semidecussata, Mercenaria meretrix, Ostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis) by means of high concentration of particles.
The rate of pumping was measured by using the formula of JØrgensen and that of feeding by weighing the dried feces excreted by the bivalves after an hour leaving in the sea water to which bentonite had been added.
The results are summarised as follows: (1) In each species of organisms tested the rate of pumping was not reduced due to the high concentration of bentonite.
(2) In V. senzidecussata the amount of feeding increased with the growing concentration of the particles up to the time when pseudo-feces were discharged, and the pseudo-feces increased further, whereas the true feces did not increase in the higher concentrations. Nearly same tendency of feeding was observed in M. meretrix.
(3) It was found in O. gigas and M. edulis that the amount of feeding increased with the growing concentration of bentonite, but the rate of its increment grew smaller.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (424K) -
磯打 登, 川上 太左英1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 354-357
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith the purpose of determining the mechanical characteristics of trolling depressors, a series of experiments on plate depressors has been carried out in a water tank. From the equations (1)-(4) representing the balancing of the plate and the results obtained by the experiments, the drag coefficient CD, the lift coefficient CL, the moment coefficient CM, the distance, a, from the front edge of the plate to the point through which the hydrodynamic pressure acts, and the direction of the pressure were determined, The results were plotted against the angle, α, of attack in Figs. 3-4. Although a few differences among the characteristic curves of these plates is seen, a remarkable increase in the value of CM, with the decrease of taparing angle at the bow can be noticed, This f act may increase the stability of the depressor in its warking condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (203K) -
松江 吉行, 遠藤 拓郎, 田端 健二1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 358-362
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGoldfish (Carassius auratus) and Japanese killifish (Oryzias latipes) were kept for a long time, about a month, in the water containing an insecticide, parathion (Diethyl-para-nitrcphenyl-thiophate) in various concentrations lower than its lethal value and its toxicity upon fish was observed.
By the culture experiment it was known that the insecticide gave many racognizable effects upon fish even at low concentrations as 1/30 th of its 48h-TLm (median tolerance limit), i.e., the movement of gill opercula and pectoral fins of the fish was observed to decline until the above mentioned concentration of the insecticide (Fig. 2, 3). Retardness in growth of fish due to the decrease in the amount of food eaten was also apparent at these low concentrations (Fig. 4 Table 1).
The results show us that the permissible concentration of parathion upon aquatic animals should be regarded as far lower than the value of 48h-TLm×0.1, which is now considered as might be permissible for general pollutants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
異なる型の外套膜ピースで養殖された真珠の性状について小竹 子之助, 河村 光保1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 363-365
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the present study, the natures of the culture pearls with Pinctada martensii, operated by the different types of mantle-piece, were investigated experimentally. The types of mantle-piece used for this experiment were the standard square, the smaller one, the larger one, the long rectangle, the wide one and the diamond-shaped one (Fig. 1 & Table 1). As the results of the investigation, it seems that the pearls of good quality appear most frequently in the case of the culture, operated by the smaller square type of mantle-piece (Table 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (151K) -
“うすまき” 真珠のできる原因について小竹 子之助, 河村 光保1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 366-367
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the present experiment, the pearls were cultivated by operations of different subdivisional mantle pieces. The mantle pieces used for this experiment were the anterior, the middle and the posterior ones on both mantles (Fig. 1) of Pinctada martensii, which was obtained at Hiwasa, Tokushima Prefecture. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2. The socalled thin-layered pearls may often be originated from cultures by the anterior and the posterior pieces on both sides. At least, one of the factors forming thin-layered pearls seems to be caused by the operated piece itself. Therefore, the piece, sectioned off near the middle regions in the mantle line on both sides, must be employed to produce the pearl of good quality.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (144K) -
宇田 道隆1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 368-372
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (265K) -
平山 信夫1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 373-375
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this study the distribution of catch on tuna long-line is analysed and the configuration of yellow-fin tuna in its school is proposed (Table).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (155K) -
小林 喜雄1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 376-382
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome specimens of the sablefish, Anaplopoma fimbria (PALLAS), were collected by a larva net, from aboard the training ship “Oshoro Maru” of Hokkaido University, in 1955 and 1956. The results obtained from observations on these samples revealed the following facts.
1. Sixteen specimens of larvae and youngs of the sablefish were collected from nine stations of the sea off the Aleutian Islands.
2. These specimens were collected from July 8th to August 13 th, in two successive years. They were 11.3-30.2mm in total length. The minimum specimen of 11.3mm was collected on-July 8th, and the maximum one of 30.2mm on August 13 th.
3. The rate of increase of head is about 0.3mm to 1mm in total length. Head length is about 24% of total length in the specimen of about 20mm overall length. Anus takes the place nearly in the middle of body, and the increase of the distance from the tip of snout to anus is about 0.5mm to 1mm in total length.
4. The minimum specimen of 11.3mm in total length has larval fin form, but in the speci-men of about 18mm in total length, fin rays have developed in the second dorsal and anal. At the stage of ca. 22mm in total length, fin rays are developing in the first dorsal fin, and number of fin rays of the second dorsal, anal and pectoral fins have reached their full number. The ventral fin developed when specimen reached about 18mm, rays were ascertained at ca 25mm, and their full number was attained at about 30mm in total length, respectively. Fin rays of the first dorsal reach the full number at maximal total length of 30.2mm, but they are of unfinished form.
5. Body color is blackish-brown, and becomes darker as the specimen grows older. Espe-cially, the latter half of pectoral fin turns jet-black; this is a distinguishing trait.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K) -
本多 勝司1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 383-387
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーVarious conditions effected in tuna long-line operation were investigated on fishing boats belonging to Misaki port at Kanagawa Pref. (Table 1).
Some properties of tuna long-line already out of use were examined. (Table 2)
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The diameters of various tuna long-lines after use were found to have decreased by about 10 compared with untreated ones.
2) The force needed for bending a tuna long-line supported by two knife-edges were measured. (Fig. 1(A)) If the curvature and the span are constant, the relation of the force for bending, W, to the radii.s of line, γ, is empirically formulated as W=Kγ3.2. For the change of curv-ature and the span of 1.0cm. and 10cm., respectively, value of K is given in Table 3.
3) The strengths of lines before and after use are nearly the same (Table 2). Durability against fatigue decreased with operations (Fig. 2). The disused lines were weak against fatigue compared with the unused (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
鉄 健司, 檜山 義夫1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 388-393
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the yellowfin tuna distributed in the tropical and subtropical zones of the Pacific, we made a biometrical analysis on the various morphological characters, so as to know that the fins Japanese tuna fleets are catching belong either to one population or not, based upon the specimens from 1953 to date.
Samples used in this report are tabulated in Table 1, showing the origin, fishing date, number of fish, range and average of body length. All specimens were measured by the junior author at the Tokyo Central Fish Market. Measurements were made in millimeters using slide calipers and a pair of dividers in accordance with the techniques described by Marr and Schaefer (1949).
Several samples of yellowfin tuna, Neothunnus macropterus, from the Equaforial Pacific ranging from 130° W to 130° E were compared on sixteen different body characters (Fig. 1) and the following results were obtained.
1) The specimens of yellowfin taken from the same area in different years show difference in maxillary length, anal length and spread caudal (Table 2). But generally we can say with certainty, they have considerably similar morphometrical characteristics.
2) It appears to be a much greater degree of separation between 170° W and 150° E and between 160° W and 130° W, than between 150° E and 130° E and between 170° W and 160° W (Table 3).
3) The specimens of yellowfin from the area of 160°W have shorter head, more anteriorly positioned ventral and pectoral fin than those form the eastward and westward regions (Table 4, Fig. 2). But for eye diameter, second dorsal and anal length, the measurement is the greatest in the Western Pacific ones and the least in the Eastern Pacific ones, and this tendency agrees with Royce's result (1953).
4) By the facts above mentioned, it is morphometrically probable that there would be at least three populations rather independently but with some mixing between each other.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
高 良夫1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 394-399
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. Histological studies on the gonads of the clam, Tapes japonica DESHAYES, in Sasebo Bay have shown that the reproductive follicles of all individuals contract and become inactive both in summer and winter, and this clam spawns twice a year in spring and autumn (Table 1).
2. In November, some individuals about 12mm. in shell length have mature gonads, and many individuals about 15mm. in shell length spawn (Table 2, Plate Figs. 1-3).
3. Comparison of maturity of the gonads has been made in normal clams and in clams cultured in a wire cage hanging in the sea. The results show that the hanging culture method has great effect on gonad development in these clams. In cultured clams, the gonads mature in July. while in normal individuals the gonads mature in late August or September (Table 3, Plate Figs. 4-10).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1484K) -
片側線による方向知覚について黒木 敏郎1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 400-404
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe author considered the auditory characteristic in a lateral line of fish and calculated it on the physiological data about Carassius auratus (Body length; about 20cm.: Absolute refractory periods; 3 milli-sec. in A-neuron and 11 milli-sec. in B-neuron: Transmitting verocities of stimulation; 28.9m/sec. in A-neuron and 6.5m/sec. in B-neuron).
The results got are as follow: a) When there is a sound-source in the elongate direction of body-axis, the upper limit of audible frequency may be about 7500 c/sec. and the most sensitive frequency is about 160 c/sec. In this case, the influence of the distance between the sound-source and the fishbody on the range of audible frequency is negligible.
b) When there is the sound-source in the vertical direction against body-axis, the influence of the distance between the source and the body on the range of audible frequency is serious. For an example, although the most sensitive frequency is about 710 c/sec, at one meter distance, the most sensitive one is about 1300 c/sec. at a long (1000m.) distance.
c) There is not the lower limit of audible frequency. It seem that the audible frequency may be lower as the sound-pressure becomes higher almost independently of the distance between the source and the body.
Then, in experiments about the auditory characteristic of fish, we must be careful for the definitions of a sound-source position against fish-body and of the intensity of sound-pressure. Especially, as the sound in a small aquarium causes its reflections, interferences and -transmissions through walls, the devices to suppress them must be adopted so as to gain clear effects or correct results., The author is studying about aquaria with walls isolated from the influences of sound.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (377K) -
赤潮プランクトンの垂直的移動について (1)米田 勇一, 吉田 陽一1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 405-409
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーP ysiological and ecological studies on red tide have been made in laboratory as well as in field.
In this paper the vertical migration of the plankton producing red tide has bean investigated. The plankton organism Sennia sp. collected from the red tide in Maizuru Bay (November, 1956) has mainly been used as the material in laboratory and following results have been obtained.
1) When a part of the water mass of red tide was brought in laboratory, the plankton organisms found within it usually sank to the bottom of a vessel and then came mostly to death. However, these sinking and death were kept in check by putting a proper number of pearl oys-ters Pteria martensii (DUNKER) in the material, adding the ordinary sea water of bottom layer in it, and so on.
2) Strong light, high salinity, oxygen unsaturation, and low pH seem to increase a buoyancy of the plankton; and, the inverse states of them, fall of temperature and strong shock seem to increase the tendency of sinking of it.
3) The vertical migration of the plankton might be caused mainly by decrease of dissolved oxygen and increase of light in the morning, and by the inverse states of both in the evening.
4) It has often been observed that the plankton producing red tide were extraordinarily concentrated in the surface layer (Table) and formed the mass of discolored water along the coast or at the corners of a bay. These phenomena seem to be mainly based on that the plankton increases its buoyancy according to increase of light and recovery of salinity after much rain, and that the plankton which has come together to the water surface by such a buoyancy is further concentrated, wafted on the skin current caused by wind.
As for the mechanism of vertical migration, few studies have been done. It will be discussed in the future papers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (396K) -
小野寺 好之1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 410-419
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the Dôsigawa, tributary to the river Sagami, dainm and waterway were constructed in 1953 (Fig. 1), and the change of discharge occured (Fig. 2, Table 5). The type of river bed chartged (Figs. 3, 4; Table 6, 7) also, and the change involved that of fishing efforts of Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis T. et S., fisheries in rapids per day (Table 8). Table 3 shows clearly that fishing methods are highly restricted to the types of river beds. Table 4 explains that most of fishing efforts are observed in rapids especially in the case of fishermen belonging too cooperative. Data under unfavorable condition (Table 2) were eliminated, and EbSj, the density of fishing effort were measured in various subregions owing to procedure described bellow:
EbSj=m−k=1n−i=1 EbikSj/m−k=1n−i=1lbikSj
where symbol EbikSj denotes efforts of fishing on some fishing ground (i) which has any types of river beds (b), at any creelcensus day (K), in any subregion (S), in any year (j). Symbol lbikSj denotes length expressed in units of 100m. under the same terminology as mentioned above.
Following above procedure, the results shown in Table 8 were rearranged into as Table 9. Without considering the coefficient of variation shown in Table 11 and corrective coefficient (Table 1), it may be probably -true that under these prediction EbSj may attain 0.5-0.4 and the yearly change of total efforts was brought force from that of total length of rapids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (784K) -
平野 礼次郎, 大島 泰雄1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 420-422
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRecently, considerable attention has been paid to free-living marine protozoa as. food for the rearing of marine animal larvae. However, even after a long time of experimentations, many different problems on the collection, isolation and cultivation of these free-living marine protozoa still remain to be settled. The present paper reports the preliminary studies made on the cultivation and simple preservation methods for marine protozoa. The method aims to make it possible to.supply food organisms whenever it is needed.
The writers succeeded in the cultivation of five species of free-living marine protozoa (four species of ciliata and one of flagellata) isolated from marine algae, detritus and sea water, collected from the tidal zone around Aburatsubo Bay, near Misaki in Kanagawa Prefecture. A culture medium added 20 p. p. m. glucose to Allen-Miquel-Nelson Solution seemed to the most suitable one for the culture of marine protozoa. However, for the cultivation of flagellata, the medium when aglae-extract or dried activated sewage-sludge-extract added showed better results.
The writers also succeeded in the encystment of cultivated protozoa by their new filteration method of which two factors, desiccation and crowding, may have contributed to the cyst formation of their cultivated organisms (Fig. 2). The filteration method may be generally suitable for the encystment of marine protozoa. Still more, this method is not only useful for the encystment of the protozoa, but also useful for the concentration and desiccation of the organisms.
In our laboratory, five cultivated protozoa, preserved in a special form at room temperature for 10 months, have been observed to show normal excystments. The cysts were preserved in special “cyst powder” form, i.e. a mixture of cyst and a sufficient quantity of filter substances containing alumina and gypsum, by the method mentioned above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (251K) -
塩分と薬害との関係について野沢 洽治, 野沢 ユリ子1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 423-426
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe experiments were carried out in the range from 0 to 34‰, in chlorinity and with the concentration of 0.01-, 0.003-, and 0.001 mol of ammonium sulfate.
(1) As to the chlorinity, the cell was deadly injured in lower chlorinity from 0 to 4‰ considerably injured from 6 to 10‰, normal and sound from 12 to 20‰, and again considerably injured over 22‰.
(2) Ammonium sulfate is considerably poisonous even in low concentration of about 0. 001 mol. It was notably characteristic that the efficiency was more activated in the water of lower chlorinity between 8 and 10‰, and in that of higher chlorinity between 22 and 26‰, than the chlorinity between 12 and 20‰ which is the similar value to the natural sea water.
(3) According to these experiments, it is suggested that the adaptability of the laver to the salt water is not so flexible in far lower or higher chlorinity from the natural sea water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (297K) -
野沢 ユリ子, 野沢 洽治1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 427-429
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn mass-culture of Conchocelis-phase of Porphyra tenera penetrated in oyster shells, there were often observed a disease appearing as organge yellow spots on the shell. Sometimes this disease caused fatal damages to the Conchocelis.
After the fixation by Perenyi's solution and staining by haematonylin, methylene blue or methyl violet, the authers could find a many individual of rod shaped bacteria within the Conchocelis-filament. And the present bacteria are found only in the iseased part, but not in healthy part. Besides, the authers could also isolate on agar-plate about nine kinds of bacteria from an oyster shell-piece which were penetrated by diseased Conchocelis-filaments. Among these only one is able to infest into the Conchocelis.
It remains still uncertain whether the bacteria found within the diseased filaments is essential or secondary to the present disease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1093K) -
川那部 浩哉, 水野 信彦, 西村 登1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 430-434
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe have been continuing the ecological studies of a salmon-like fish, Plecoglossus aliivelis, or Ayu in Japanese, in the River Ukawa, which drains in to, the Japan Sea in the north-western part of Kyoto Prefecture. This paper concerns how the different river-beds were utilized by this fish in the summer of 1956.
Generally speaking, population density of this fish in the residential season, which follows the up-stream migratory season, is the highest in the Hayase-rapids of boulder bottom, and the lowest in the Toro-pools of shallow sandy bottom.
In the Hayase-rapids and Huti-pools with rock walls, there are both highly and lowly utilized ones by this fish. On the other hand, the Hirase-rapids of stone and gravel bottom are utilized uniformly.
While the Hayase-rapids are occupied by both large and small fishes, the Hirase-rapids and Toro-pools are in general the habitats for smaller fishes, and Huti-pools for larger ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
鈴木 康策1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 435-437
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn obtaining skipjack having so little body oil as to be suitable for making good “Katsuobushi” thereof, we cannot still to-day but rely on the natural coming of such material. If we had, therefore, any proper means of removing excessive oil from the fish, we would be able to remove also the limitation arising from the seasonal overgrowth of skipjack oil.
Carrying out a few experiments on a small scale, the author has ascertained that very satisfactory results can be achieved by applying an alternating current to the material interposed intimately between the electrodes kept in running water. The results are summarized as follows.
1. The higher the voltage, the less oil remains in the meat after the treatment by an electric device shown schematically in Fig. 2.
2. Ampere of the electric current is not of consequence for the effective removal of the body oil. The best range of available voltage is 170-200 V., while too high voltages cause the meat to crack.
3. Continuous refreshment of water surrounding the meat as shown in Fig. 2 is essential to avoiding large and fruitless consumption of electric energy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (238K) -
須山 三千三, 宇野 寛1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 438-441
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFugu (Fugu) niphobles (J. et S.), is said to be the most toxic species among puffers, the ovarian eggs having a good deal of toxin.
However, there have been no issues about the biochemical behavior of the puffer toxin, for instance, its rise and fall during the embryonic development. It seems now the time this interesting problem to be dealt with. The authors as a first trial carried out the following experiment: Matured eggs were taken and fertilized artificially at the beaches, where numerous puffers were swarming for spawning, and kept in water-tanks till the completion of hatching. Unfertilized or dead eggs were put away from the bed everyday, and the developed eggs at various stages were fixed in methanol acidulated with acetic acid (ca, pH 5); then the puffer toxin was assaied by use of mice following HAsHimoTo et al1).
As shown in Fig. 1, the amount of the toxin in eggs remained almost invariable during the preliminary stages but was reduced by half through the course of hatching.
A brief discussion is given as to whether the apparent consumption of the toxin is of physiological significance or due to mere destruction of the egg casing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (970K) -
エソ肉蛋白にたいする冷凍貯蔵の影響清水 潮, 清水 亘1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 442-446
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (313K) -
荻野 珍吉1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 447-449
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe amino acid compositions of the protein of several hatchery diets commonly used in Japan have been analyzed and their nutritive values as hatchery diets have been discussed by comparing the essential amino acid content with that of body protein of rainbow trout fingerling. As shown in Table 2, the proteins of dried Mysid and beef liver are excellent in their amino acid composition as feed-stuff for trout. The protein of silk-worm pupa is somewhat low in lysine, threonine, and grginine contents. The blood meal is exceedingly low in isoleucine and also low in methionine and arginine, whereas the contents of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and leucine are considerably high. In vegetable diets, the protein of dried yeast is low in histidine and lysine and that of rice bran is low in lysing, isoleucine, methionine, and tryptophan contents. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the hatchery diets used in the present study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (215K) -
B12の日時的変動及び湖水におけるB12含量の垂直分布柏田 研一, 柿本 大壱, 川越 一徳1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 450-453
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe diurnal fluctuation of vitamin B12 in the sea water was studied. At three stations in the Kagoshima Bay (Fig. 1), the sea water was collected from the various depths at intervals of two hours for 12 or 24 hours, and the vitamin was determined by the microbiological method described in the previous papery1). As shown in Table 1, the diurnal fluctuation and vertical distribution was found to be very complicated, and no regular form could be found.
The vertical distribution of vitamin B12 in the Lake Ikeda was also investigated (Fig. 2). The values ranged from 0 to 62.5 mγ per liter. In the upper layer (0-20m), the fluctuation was most remarkable and the concentration of vitamin B12 considerably varied according to the slight difference of the depth. On the other hand, in the lower layer, the variation was very slight.
The relationship between the water temperature and the amount of the vitamin was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (254K) -
黒変阻止に就いて柿本 大壱, 金沢 昭夫1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 454-457
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) In this paper, with the use of several buffer solutions (pH. 3.2 or 3.4) some experiments on the chemical treatment for the purpose of fixing any preventing-method against the shrimp-blackening were carried out; with the following result that the producing of blackening-substance due to the mixture of shrimp blood with L-tyrosine was to be effectively prevented by the tartarate and oxalate buffer solutions. (Table 1)
In case of the experiments done under the use of fresh shrimp the same prevention-effect was also ascertained as clearly as in the test-tube. (Table 2, 3)
2) In using the minerals and vitamin C and so on as a preventive medium, a considerable prevention-effect was observed, under the potency of aluminium compounds and vitamin C as well as under that of of NaHSO3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1156K) -
魚肉における発育と酸化還元電位の関係について安藤 芳明, 井上 勝弘1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 458-462
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince 1952, the year of first outbreak of botulism in Japan reported by NAKAMURA et al., about twenty cases of the outbreak have been described in the literature by 1956. All these outbreaks have proved to be of TYPE E and have been caused by such fish products infected with Cl, botulinum TYPE E as “IZUSHI” prepared from raw fish.
In Europe and America, about ten cases of type E botulism except one have also been caused by fish products. DOLMAN (1950) stated that fish is one of the most possible vehicle for type E botulism.
We have undertaken an investigation of the growth and the toxin production of Cl. botulinum TYPE E in fish flesh in order to clearify the outbreaks of type E botulism through the partake of fish products and further to find a preventive procedure for this food.
The present report deals with the correlation between the growth and oxidation-reduction potential in fish flesh and the results obtained are as follows.
1. The sterilized media prepared by various kinds of fish, produced a negative potential to offer a suitable condition for the growth of type E spore.
2. In the squid medium, the growth was partially inhibited owing to the positive potential, which seemed to be resulted from the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups by trimethylamine oxide in squid muscle during heat sterilization.
3. Sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteine and thioglycolic acid were rapidly oxidized by trimethylamine oxide at 100°C., but not at 37°C. within one hour.
4. Cl. botulinum TYPE E was able to reduce trimethylamine oxide which was added to the previously sterilized anaerobic medium.
5. In the course of autolysis and putrefaction of fish flesh, the potential fall rapidly to give an
anaerobic condition to the type E spore, and then the growth and toxin production was observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (327K) -
揮発酸の魚肉中における形態について浅川 末三1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 463-466
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was carried out to survey the form of volatile fatty acids and its change during the deterioration of fish meat. Using the minced meat of a kind of bule fin tuna as a test material, volatile acids were fractionated into free, salt and ester forms according to the procedure given in Fig. 1. The fractions obtained were further examined on their component fatty acids by paper chromatography. The results are summarized in Table 1 and 2.
Among three forms, the salt form was most abundant through all stages of deterioration. The proportion of these forms and the pattern of component fatty acids were observed to vary accord-ing to the freshness of meat. In the chromatographic study it was suggested that the component fatty acids in the free and salt forms were gradually replaced by the higher volatile acids with the progress of deterioration. In the ester form, the presence of higher acids (>C6) was presumed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
菊池 武昭, 平野 敏行, 岡田 郁之助1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 467-470
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMany of the papers have been published on the subject of polarographic studies of proteins, but the polarographic characteristics of proteins contained in fish muscle are not known so far. So. in the present paper, the authors tried the application of polarographic protein wave to the studies of proteins contained in fish muscle, blood and internal organs.
The following subjects are preliminary experimented and obtained hopeful results:
1) Difference of polarographic protein wave in the species of aquatic animal.
2) Difference of polarographic protein wave between common muscle and dark-colored muscle.
3) Determination of the freshness.
4) Denaturation of protein during the r-ray irradiation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
熱非凝固区分について馬場 春夫1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 471-475
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNon-heat-coagulable protein was isolated from muscle extracts of Meretrix meretrix, Mactra sulcataria, and Atrina Japonicum, respectively. Content of this proteinous material in muscle as well as contents of nitrogen and reducing substance in the material was estimated (Table 1). The paper-electrophoretic analysis revealed that the material consisted at least of three subfractions with different mobilities. From these three, one having zero mobility was precipitated with acetic acid. It was found furthermore that the heat-coagulable components of muscle extracted with a buffer solution of low ionic strength (μ=0.1, pH 7.8)turned noncoagulable when dialyzed for short time (about 3 hours) against the same buffer solution as the above extractant. Whereas the paper-electrophoretic behaviours remained unchanged after such dialysis, the coagulability of these comppnents changed to a high degree. These non-coagulable matters were found to be of low mobility, while the coagulated porteins showed no mobility as expected. Molecular event leading to the said loss of coagulability is not clear as yet, though the loss seems to be connected mcre or less intimately with pH of the dialysate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (329K) -
アミロース及びアミロペクチンの影響岡田 稔, 山崎 惇子1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 476-482
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the first paper of this series, it was shown that gelatinization of starch was necessary to enhance jelly strength of fish meat jelly (Kamaboko), and that starch added in Kamaboko, though gelatinized, chiefly existed in the jelly as granules and partly dispersed into meat as amylose.
In the present paper, amylose and amylopectin, the two components of starch, were isolated by an improved SCHOCH's method and their enhancing effect were examined.
Amylose, the unbranched polymer of glucose, enhanced jelly strength of Kamaboko, but its ability was weak compaired with equivalent amount of starch (1g. amylose≡5g. starch) (Fig. 1).
When amylopectin, the branched component of starch with high molecular weight, was added to meat paste, the paste became more sticky. But Kamaboko prepared from it did not form elastic jelly but brittle one and had less water-holding power (Fig. 2-4). It seemed that amylopectin had no enhancing but rather inhibitive effect on formation of elastic jelly.
The similar effect was shown by starches which were readily dispersable in cold water such as those pregelatinized with alkali, mechanically injured with ball-mill (Fig. 10), or a mixture of amylose and amylopectin with the same proportion as original starch (Fig. 8). In contrast with inhibitive effect of amylopectin, waxy starch, which has a very high amylopectin content (almost 100%), reinforced jelly strength (Fig. 4). Waxy starch did not disperse in cold water and was observed to exist in a granular state in the jelly (Fig. 7).
From these results, it has been deduced that reinforcing ability of starch for jelly strength of Kamaboko is accounted for chiefly by the fact that starch exists as granules in the jelly and partly by action of amylose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2859K) -
雨イカの悪臭酸について山西 貞, 梶川 靖子1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 483-485
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRain spoilt dried-squid (Surume of low quality) has a bad smell. We have found an acid with strong offensive odor characteristic to rain spoilt dried-squid as a waxy substance. Recently, we have succeeded in isolating the acid in a crystalline form (Fig. 1). Analytical data of the crystalline showed its empirical formula to be C2H4O. By the infrared spectrum (Fig. 3) and the paperchromatogram (Table 1), it was concluded that the acid would be oxyhexanoic acid, C6H12O3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (829K) -
コハク酸脱水素酵素の活性度変化による鮮度福田 博業1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 486-489
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe activity of succinic dehydrogenase in fish oragns was found to decrease with deterioration of their freshness. So, present author's method for the determination of succinic dehydrogenase activity with 2, 6 Dichlorophenolindo-o-chlorophenol4), 5) was applied to the estimation of freshness of fish.
The freshness can be expressed by a value of “Freshness-index”, which is equal to a values of succinic dehydrogenase activity per one gram of fresh tissue as described in the other report.4) Freshness-index of various organs or tissues can be conveniently expressed as for example as EK, EL, EDH, etc. for kidney, liver, dark muscle, etc. depending on each tissues tested. The freshness-index value of various tissues will indicate the actual freshness of sample fish as a whole.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (304K) -
魚体の鮮度とコハク酸脱水素酵素活性度との関係について福田 博業1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 490-493
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFig. 1 shows representative examples of the change of succinic dehydrogenase activity of fish tissues with incubation at 25°C. Although great variations in the enzymatic activity were observed among various tissues, a decrease in the enzyme activity of a certain sample tissue showed a significant correlation with decrease of its freshness. Therefore, the freshness of sample fish under test can be judged from decrease in the enzyme activity (freshness-index value E) of various sample tissues, and the values were compared with those values of fresh fish of the same kind.
The freshness-index values of several fresh fish and deteriorated fish are given in Table 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
中村 武彦1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 494-496
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNot so many studies have been published which identified the sugar components of seaweeds, since their isolation and identification are rather complicated.
Some of the seaweeds found in Aoshima at Miyazaki city were analysed as shown in Table 1, and their sugar components were also investigated by paper chromatograpy of the acid hydrolysates of hot water extracts (Fig. 1).
The results are as follows:
(1) Principal component sugars in all red algae studied were galactose, xylose and anhydrosugar.
(2) Fucose was detected in four species, but not in other species of red algae. It will be noted here that the presence of this sugar in agar-agar and the mucilage of Gloiapeltis furcata and the absence in Eucheuma mucilage were reported in the previous paper (3).
(3) The mucilage of a green alga, Ulva pertusa gave a remarkably different paper chromatogram from those of red algae, and glucose, xylose and an unknown sugar were detected.
(4) The component sugars of a brown alga, Sargassum Thunbergii markedly differed from those of red algae in the absence of xylose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (211K) -
伊藤 啓二1957 年 23 巻 7-8 号 p. 497-500
発行日: 1957/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBy thn microbiological method, seventeen amino acids in the aqueous alcoholic extracts of serveral marine animals, four species of fish and two species of mollusc, were determined after hydrolysis. The results obtained are tabulated in Table 2, and the nitrogen distribution in the extracts is shown in Table 3.
Between the fish with reddish meat (Scomber and Trachurus) and those with white meat (Mylio and Fugu), a marked difference was observed in the histidine content, which was high in the former and almost negligible in the latter. The difference between the red muscle and the ordinary muscle was also observed only in the histidine content, and the pattern of the other amino acids was very similar in both species. Through four species of fish, the proportion of amino acids nitrogen in the total nitrogen of the extracts considerably varied species to species (Table 3), but showed a relatively constant level, 8-10%, when calculated with the exception of histidine.
It may be noticeable that lysine occupied an unique situation in the extracts of Fugu.
The muscle of Sepia showed the high values in the extractive nitrogen and also in the extractive amino acids, in which proline, alanine, serine, arginine and glycine were fonud to be prominent. On the other hand, the extracts of Octopus revealed the very low values for all amino acids determined, with the exception of arginine, whereas the total amount of the extracted nitrogen was not so less.
Creatine and creatinine were also analyzed and were found to occupy thirty to forty per cent of the extractives in the ratio of nitrogen (Table 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (272K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|