巻号一覧
39 巻, 3 号
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着色糸および透明糸の水中規程津田 良平, 井上 直一1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 243-252
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe visual ranges of dyed and transparent twines and also of knots of the net were measured succesively in tank water, illuminated by diffused light from flourescent lamps for varying the physical conditions, namely, colour and reflectance of an object, turbidity of water and brightness which might have direct effects upon underwater visibility. The measurements of the visual range were made through three light filters; blue, green and orange.
The visual rangs of the yellow twine was the largest under less turbid conditions but decreased remarkably with the increase of turbidity. Transparent twines were less visible than dyed opaque twines. The visual range was longer than that of twine for knots in brighter surface irradiance but both values become almost the same with the increase of burbidity.
The slopes of the curves of the visual range of niyed twines plotted against the wave-length of maximum transmittance of three light filters provided a means to classify them into two types. Twines belonging to the first type are more visible under long wave-legths, such as, yellow, green, and blue twines and those of the other type are most visible in the wave-length, 530 mμ, such as, red, violet, brown, kacchi and grey twines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
コントラストの識閾計算について津田 良平, 井上 直一1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 253-264
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe visibility of an object depends upon the brightness of the water space in the solid angle which the object subtends to the eye and the brightness of the background.
In this paper, the results of measurements were analysed by using a formula which was derived by modifying the theoretical equation presented by Koschmieder and Middleton for visibility in the atmosphere so that it was applicable to the experimental conditions of the present studies. The equation for the visibility is as follows,
ε=|R•H2•Q•h/KA-1b•E(1-e-kr)•π2•∫r0p/(h2+p2)2•exp[-K(√h2+p2+r)]dp+R.e-kr(1-e-kr)+e-kr-e-kL/1-e-kL|
In transparent twines, the equation requires some correction because we have to con-sider transparent radiance at the observer's eye.
In the estimation, the thresholds of brightness-contrast increase almost rectilinearlly with the decrease of the visual angle in the region of small visual angles and these relationships agree with the experimental results of Blackwell for the atmosphere. We have examined the relationship between the luminous reflectance of the object and its visual range. It is shown that the visual ranges decrease remarkbly when the luminous reflectance value is taken as 10% but increase rapidly with further decrease of it. In the case of transparent twines, we can not observe the objects as a silhoutte under 3%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (501K) -
羽生 功, 田村 保, 丹羽 宏1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 265-273
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe ERG's and retinal ganglion cell responses were recorded from immobilized skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis. The light-adapted ERG's were characterized by a rather small a-wave and a distinct b-wave. During dark-adaptation, the b-wave grew larger and the sensitivity increased by 3 logarithmic units. Photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity curves, based on the b-wave, were almost identical and, in addition, differed little from the Dartnall's nomogram cruve with its λ max at 490nm. The simple photopic curve points to a single photopigment involved in the photopic vision, accordingly, color-blindness of the species.
The retinal units revealed a similar spectral sensitivity and did not change their response patterns with the wavelength of the stimulus. This also suggests the absence of color-discriminating capacity by the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1165K) -
ハマチ幽門垂におけるコラーゲン分解酵素の存在吉中 礼二, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 275-281
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA collagenolytic activity capable of degrading native collagen under non-denaturing conditions was detected in the pyloric caeca of yellow-tail, Seriola quinqueradiata. The pyloric caecum enzyme was capable of reducing the specific viscosity of carp skin collagen at pH 7.5 and 20°C. Crude enzyme extracts from the pyloric caeca, which is a digestive organ, exhibited significant neutral protease activity. The effects of α-chymotrypsin and trypsin on the viscosity of collagen were rather small. However, the pyloric caecum enzyme produced marked viscosity reduction in collagen preparations. This indicates that a collageno-lytic enzyme, distinct from a-chymotrypsin and trypsin, may exist in the pyloric caecum extracts.
The enzyme preparation was also capable of degrading native, reconstituted, carp skin collagen fibrils at pH 7.5 and 25°C, and insoluble bovine tendon collagen at pH 7.5 and 30°C. α-Chymotyrpsin and trypsin, each at a concentration equal to the amount of total protein in the enzyme preparation, had practically no effect on the release of bound hydroxyproline from collagen fibrils. The results corroborate the existence of a collagenolytic enzyme in the pyloric caeca of yellow-tail.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (396K) -
ガザミのカロチノイドについて片山 輝久, 国崎 陽子, 島谷 周, 鮫島 宗雄, チャイチェスター Ｃ．Ｏ．1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 283-287
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe carotenoids of crab, Portunus trituberculatus, have been separated by absorption chromatography and further characterized by their absorption spectra and their behavior on the column. In some cases, reactions for specific functional groups were performed.
The existence of canthaxanthin, 4-hydroxy-echinenone, 3-hydroxy-canthaxanthin and astaxanthin was confirmed in the carapaces of crab. In the internal organs, β-carotene, echinenone, isocryptoxanthin and astaxanthin were found. The following metabolic path-way from β-carotene to astaxanthin was proposed.
β-carotene ?? isocryptoxanthin ?? echinenone ?? 4-hydroxy-echinenone ?? canthaxanthin ?? 3-hydroxy-canthaxanthin ?? astaxanthin抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (298K) -
Dowex 50 W 処理とエタノール沈殿におけるコンドロイチン硫酸とケラト硫酸の挙動中嶋 昭正1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 289-293
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of alkali treatment on the behavior of chondroitin sulfate (CS), kera-tosulf ate (KS) and protein in Dowex 50 W treatment and ethanol precipitation, which are the main processes for the extraction of CS, were studied and the following results were obtained.
1) Some differences in elution patterns of CS, KS and protein from a column of Dowex 50 W-X l(H+) were perceived between the liquefied whale nasal cartilage solu-tion and alkali-treated ones. CS was scarcely adsorbed on the Dowex 50 W column, but some amounts of KS and a greater part of protein were adsorbed.
2) The ethanol concentration needed for the precipitation of CS in the alkali-treated whale nasal cartilage mucopolysaccharide mixture was almost the same as that in the untreated preparation, while the ethanol concentration needed for the precipitation of KS was higher. It may be concluded that CS is easily separated from a greater part of KS by precipitating with ethanol after alkali treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (272K) -
Sen Shyong JENG, Yi Sheng LEE, Yung Shu YEE, Tai Min TANG, Tai Hua WAN ...1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 295-298
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMore than fifty specimens of spotted mackerel, Scomber australasicus, distributed in northern and southern waters of Taiwan were analyzed for electrophoretic patterns of water-soluble muscle protein on cellulose acetate membrane. No differences were found among the electrophoretic patterns of white muscle specimens. On the other hand, two types of patterns were obtained with the red muscle. This suggests that the water soluble protein of red muscle may be useful for electrophoretic studies of fish polymorphism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (229K) -
魚肉すり身とかまぼこの粘弾性構造におよぼす坐りの影響高木 一郎1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 299-305
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen brayed meat containing sodium chloride is incubated at room temperature, gela-tion, usually called “suwari” in Japan, occurs.
The phenomenon of suwari has been applied to the manufacture of kamaboko because the kamaboko forming ability of brayed meat increases with the development of a suitable degree of suwari.
In this paper, the creep behavior of brayed meat undergoing suwari and the stress relaxation behavior of kamaboko prepared from such brayed meat were determined and the mechanism of suwari was discussed as follows:
1) By suwari, cross-linkings between the chain molecules or entanglements of chain segments which behave as temporary cross-links form in the brayed meat.
2) In the case of kamaboko prepared from brayed meat undergoing suwari, entangle-ments of chain segments, which relocate readily in the earlier time scale region of stress relaxa-tion, increase while cross-linkings between chain molecules, which are stable in the equili-brium region, do not increase.
3) These cross-linkings formed in brayed meat during suwari may obstruct the random loosening of the protein chain molecules in heating at 90°C. Moreover, although the entanglements which form in brayed meat relocate in the earlier time scale of shear creep, these may be stable against heating at 90°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (412K) -
松野 隆男, 佐久島 明世, 石田 隆1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 307-310
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeasonal variations of saponin in sea-cucumber, Stichopus Japonicus, were studied for one year from May 1968 to April 1969 on a monthly basis and one distinct peak was observed in August coinciding with the summer sleeping season of the species.
The sea-cucumbers are separable into three forms according to body color, the green, red and black. Of these, the first two are important commercially. The amount of saponin in the body walls of the green form was always higher than in those of the red.
Differences in saponin content in specimens from different geographical localities and individuals was not observed.
Saponin was detected more or less in every part of the body examined, ovaries none containing eggs showing the highest value. Almost none occurred in the testes while the other parts of the body gave intermediate values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (219K) -
ゴカイクチクラコラーゲン中のガラクトース・モノおよびオリゴ糖木村 茂1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 311-316
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe Neanthes cuticle collagen was found to contain 5% neutral sugar of which 92% was galactose. When the collagen was treated with 0.1 N NaOH at 30°C for 48 hr, 9 residues of threonine and 4 residues of serine per 1000 amino acid residues were destroyed and 10 residues of carbohydrate were liberated by β-elimination. Gel filtration and chemical analyses of the sugar fractions revealed that 71% of the liberated sugar was galactotriose, 20% galac-tobiose, 6% galactose, and only 3% mannose. These galactose mono- and oligosaccharides, accounting for 70% of the total sugar in the collagen, appeared to be linked to threonyl and seryl residues.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (352K) -
金属元素について吉村 彩子, 大石 圭一1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 317-321
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe metallic constituents of kombu (Laminaria japonica, two-year-old, harvested in Hakodate in summer) were studied with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The main components in the HCI-soluble ash were K (20-26), Na (13-15), Ca (5-7) and Mg (3g/100g). Minor elements were as follows: Fe (38-184), Al (23-88), Mn (2-4) and Cu (1mg/100g). Total amounts of these metals reached 45-50% of HCI-soluble ash. The sum of the oxide forms of these ions was calculated to be 60-65%.
No characteristic patterns were observed in the distribution of these metals in the blade, except for higher contents of Fe, Al, and Mn in the apex. Ca and Fe analyses of 13 samples from different parts of the blade revealed that the apex and base were rich in Fe.
A comparison of the determinative methods for Ca and Fe revealed that the values obtained by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method were higher than the ones obtained by the usual chemical analysis. The value of total alkalinity was deter-mined as 153 on the whole blade.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (274K) -
陰イオンについて吉村 彩子, 大石 圭一1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 323-325
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAnionic constituents of the ash from the four parts (base, center, margin, and apex) of kombu blade were determined. The samples analysed were harvested on the same seashore and in the same season as those analysed for metallic ions in the previous study. The results obtained were as follows: Cl, 32-40; SO4, 5-8; I, 1-6, ; CO3, 0.7-10; PO4, 0.6-1.7% of soluble matter. Total amounts of these anions reached 49-58% of the soluble ash. The contents of I, CO3, and PO4 were higher in the base and center than in the margin and apex. The reverse tendency was observed for the content of SO4, but no significant, differences in Cl content were recognized. Total amounts of metallic ions and anions ranged from 94 to 107%. Comparison with MCCollum's salt showed that the kombu blade was rich in Na and Cl, while poor in Ca, Fe, and P04.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (173K) -
2種の〓変原因菌の〓変に関与する諸条件藤田 八束, 金山 龍男1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 327-331
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOGAWA et al. had already reported Achromobactor brunificans as a species of bacteria causing the brown discoloration in fish jelly products. The authors reported in the previous paper that Serratia marcescens also has a similar property. The present study describes various conditions under which the brown discoloration of fish jelly products was produced by A. brunificans and S. marcescens. It was found that these bacteria inoculated into media containing glucose and any one of gluten, glutenin, casein or gelatin caused extensive discoloration.
A. brunificans also formed a brown substance on the media containing glucose and histidine or Na-glutamate instead of a protein. But S. marcescens did not form a brown substance on the media containing any one of the amino acids tested. The brown discoloration occurred most readily under the conditions of NaCl concentration, pH and incubation temperature optimal for the growth of these bacteria. These facts suggest that, in order to avoid the brown discoloration of fish jelly products, it is important to give most careful attention to the heating process during their manufacture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (306K) -
森井 秀昭1973 年 39 巻 3 号 p. 333
発行日: 1973/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (105K)
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