巻号一覧
43 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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魚群の動力学に関するノート大久保 明, 坂本 亘, 稲垣 正, 黒木 敏郎1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1369-1377
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA dynamical model for fish schooling is presented. The basic equation of motion of individual fish contains mutual attraction or repulsion of fish around its equilibrium position, frictional force due to locomotion, and the swimming force. The concept of an average time lag (“latency”) is introduced to the swimming force. As a result, the speed of school and the dimension of school obey the same dynamical equation correct to the first order of the time lag, and accordingly the corresponding frequency spectra behave in the same manner. The theoretical spectrum shows a minus four power law at large values of frequency. The cross-correlation between the change of the school form and the school speed has a time lag about one second on the positive side from the origin. These theoretical results compare favorably with the experimental results obtained in the previous studies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (426K) -
摩擦力について山本 勝太郎1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1379-1385
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated the frictional behaviour of a nylon mono-filament hung around a cylinder. The basic equations used in this paper are the following;
1) the relation between the frictional force f and the normal force R is governed by f=α.Rnwhere a is frictional coefficient and n frictional index,
2) the area of contact between the nylon mono-filament and the cylinder is approximated by an ellipse x2/m2+y2/l2=1, where m is contact length and l contact width, and
3) the pressure per unit contact length, P, is given by p=k.y2, where value of k changes with the materials and the contact condition, and its dimension [force]/[length]8.
Using the above three relations we calculated the frictional force and obtained the tensile strength of the nylon mono-filament hung around the cylinder. A close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values was obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (304K) -
垣網の長さおよび張立て方向余座 和征, 宮本 秀明, 高橋 清, 角谷 憲男1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1387-1390
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe optimum length and setting direction of the leader of a setnet were discussed.
Let l denote the length of leader of a setnet and a the depth of water at the end of the leader, then the values c in c=l/a were oalculated for different kinds of setnet seperately.
Distributions of the gradient g on fishing grounds were also determined by the formula g= (a-b)/l, where b is the depth of water at the starting point of the leader, and the relationship between g and c was ascertained.
In the case of the yellowtail trap net, the value of setting direction i which is expressed by the inclination of the leader was 0.23 or θ=13° on an average.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (189K) -
楠木 豊1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1391-1396
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEfficiency of the retention of small particles by the gills of the Japanese oyster was investigated. From the results thus obtained and measurements of the size distribution of particulate material suspended in sea water, estimation of the quantity of particulate matter as food for oysters was also discussed.
Particle filtration by the oyster was studied in the 1.5 to 6.0μ size range in relation to naturally occurring particles. The oyster usually retained particles larger than 3μ. but could retain particles of sizes down to 2.0 or smaller when larger particles became scarce. There was a sharp increase in removal efficiency as particle size increased from 1.5 to 3.0μ. Larger sizes showed no evidence of further change in efficiency. The particulate matter in Hiroshima Bay consisted mainly of particles smaller than 40* in diameter and this portion accounted for more than 90% (dry basis) of all particulate matter.
Therefore. the particulate matter measured by filters such as Whatman GF/C and Ultra fine filter that could retain particles larger than 1μ is estimated to be quantity of food for oysters, but for more precise measurements Nuclepore or metal filter of 3μ pore size would be preferable.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (407K) -
寄生数の季節的変化今田 良造, 室賀 清邦1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1397-1401
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn 1969, a considerable amount of elvers of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) began to be imported mainly from France and cultured in various districts of Japan, Since then, pseudodactylogyroses have occurred in eels, especially in the European eels, cultured in many farms.
Pseudodactylogyrus bini, P. anguillae and a new species. P. microrchis, were reported as the causative agents of the pseudodactylogyroses by OGAWA and EGUSA (1976), but on the biology and ecology of these dactylogyrids little has been studied.
Since 1974, the present authors have been studying the biology and ecology of P. microrchis. In this paper we dealt with the seasonal changes in abundance of this species in an experimental pond at Hiroshima University and two eel farm ponds in Tokushima Prefecture.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) P. microrchis was observed on the gills of the European eels cultured in those three ponds. Besides, P. bini was observed in the experimental pond.
(2) It was found that the size of the testis and the size ratio of the testis to the ovary cannot always be used as the discriminating character of P. microrchis from P. anguillae.
(3) An apparent seasonal change in abundance of P. microrchis was observed in every pond, that is, the number of parasites became most abundant in August, September or October.
(4) From the fact that the each parasite population attained its peak in the above mentioned season after high water temperature period (26°C-30°C), the abundance of this species is thought to closely depend on the water temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
湖水中の分布西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1403-1410
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーConcentration of dissolved thiamine, biotin, and vitamin B12 in the water of a eutrophic lake, Lake Kojima, have been determined by microbiological assay methods at intervals of 2 to 4 months from August, 1971 to April, 1972. Also the relations between the distribution of in the B group vitamins and other physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors were studied. Thiamine was assayed with Lactobacillus fermenti ATCC 9338, biotin with L. plantarum ATCC 8014, and vitamin B12 with L. leichmannii ATCC 7830. It was found that Lake Kojima is an extremely eutrophic lake and that concentrations of the B group vitamins were fairly high: thiamine 20-2300ng/l, biotin 2.3-101.6ng/l, and vitamin B12 2.1-36.0ng/l.Thiamine and vitamin B12 were most abundant in summer and markedly decreased from autumn and winter to spring, while the biotin concentration was highest in winter and lowest in spring. Concentrations of thiamine and vitamin B12, not biotin, correlated negatively with abundances of both phytoplankto and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. It was suggested that the seasonal fluctuation of the B group vitamins concentrations may be connected with the growth of phytoplankton species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (461K) -
成長高 有峰, 川口 弘一, 草下 孝也1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1411-1416
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe growth pattern of the common myctophid fish, Diaphus suborbitalis in Suruga Bay, Japan, is presented. On the basis of the seasonal changes in the size frequency distribution, it is shown that juvenlies, 15-20mm in standard length (SL), that occurred in autumn rapidly grew up to about 50mm SL by next summer, and after that the growth rate gradually decreased. Growth rate decreases in winter. The growth curve was derived based on the specimens whose ages were calculated from the otolith. The maximum standard length observed was 67mm at the age of 2.5 years.
Lanternfishes are among the most abundant mesopelagic fishes in the open sea and their importance in the marine food web has been pointed out by ANON1) and GULLAND.2) Although there is considerable literature on the taxonomy of these fishes, very little is known about their ecology. The few species the ecology of which has been studied to some degree include Lampanictus leucopsarus (BOLLIN3)), Myctophum affine (ODATE4)), Benthosema glaciale (HALLIDAY5), GJOSAETER6)), Stenobrachius leucopsarus (SMOKER and PEARCY7)), and Diaphus suborbitalis (GO et al.8)).
In the course of a study of the ecology of Diaphus suborbitalis, one of the dominant myctophid fishes in Suruga Bay, Go et al.8) have reported on its aging and lifespan. The present study describes the seasonal growth pattern of this species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (313K) -
石田 祐三郎, 門田 元1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1417-1424
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn relation to the water column of Lake Mergozzo, the vertical distributions of oligotrophic bacteria, eutrophic bacteria, chlorophyll a, primary productivity, dissolved organic carbon and inorganic introgen were observed at different seasons.
It was found that, in this lake, the oligotrophic bacteria were generally the dominant bacterial phpulation, and that their vertical distribution patterns were almost always parallel to those of the concentration of chlorophyll a and the amount of seston. The ecological relationships between these factors were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (451K) -
イカ塩辛熟成過程中の酵母菌数および菌相の変化について森 勝美, 信濃 晴雄, 秋場 稔1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1425-1432
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince no means of sterilization is used throughout the manufacturing process of “Ika-Shiokara”, the quality of the product is closely related to its microbiological flora. In this paper, the changes in the viable cell count and flora of yeast were investigated throughout the process of “Ika-Shiokara” ripening at 25°C using various concentrations of salt, i. e. 10%, 20% and 30% by weight.
In the early stage of “Ika-Shiokara” ripening using 20% or 30% salt, viable yeast cells occurred at a level of about 103/ml of fiuid and then decreased gradually with time. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. minuta var. texensis were dominant among the yeasts recovered which included the genera Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Candida, Cryptococcus and Sporobolomyces. These results may suggest that the yeasts in “Ika-Shiokara” processed with 20% and 30% salt were not related to the ripening process. However, in the case of “Ika-Shiokara” using 10% salt, the viable cell count increased more than 104 fold on the 10th day of the repening process. The dominant yeast species among the genera Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Candida, Cryptococcus, Torulopsis and Trichosporon were R.mucilaginosa till the 4th day and Deboryomyces kloeckeri which replaced R. mucilaginosa after the 7th day. Strains belonging to the species D. kloeckeri have a weak fermentation ability and this species has also been isolated from various fermented foods as a useful yeast. Moreover, and increase of the yeast count was observed in “Ika-Shiokara” processed with 10% salt. These results indicate that the yeasts in “Ika-Shiokara” processed with 10% salt, especially D. kloeckeri, may play an important role in the ripening process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K) -
石河 正裕, 西出 英一, 西澤 一俊1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1433-1440
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of sodium pentachlorophenolate (PCP-Na) and 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole (APT), known as a herbicide and an anesthetic of fishes, respectively, on the enzyme activities of lysosomal origin in the hepatopancreas of fishes were investigated using the carps (Cyprinus carpio LINNAEUS) as experimental sample. Although arylsulfatase activity in the extracts from the homogenates was hardly detected in any sample, the activities of β-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and acid ribonuclease were readily detected. The three enzyme activities changed in almost similar patterns after the injection of a saline solution containing PCP-Na. The enhancement of enzyme activities after 24hr from the injection was highest on 5μg in jection/g body weight and those on 10μg and 15μg in jectlons/g body weight were followed in this order. Time course of the effect by the 15μg PCP-Na injection attained a maximum after 12hr from the injection, and then rapidly decreased. The enzyme activities, particularly, β-glucuronidase activity, were enhanced to some extents by the injection of saline solution only.
Changes in the activities of the three enzymes during culture in a medium containing 0.1ppm PCP-Na and those in a medium containing 10ppm APT were compared, and it was found that the changes by both substances were, though a similar pattern being observed among the changes by individual drugs, significantly different in the patterns, suggesting that mechanism of the effects of these substances on lysosomal enzyme activities may be different from each other.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (491K) -
スルメイカより分離したα-iminodipropionic acidについて(2)佐藤 実, 佐藤 美和, 土屋 靖彦1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1441-1443
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPreviously, one acidic amino acid was isolated from the squid muscle extracts, and its structure was inferred to be α-iminodipropionic acid from the results of the elemental analysis, mass spectral analysis and NMR spectrum. It has two similar asymmetric carbon atoms and there are three stereoisomeric forms, namely, L-, D-, and meso- form. These compounds were synthesized by the reaction of alanine with α-bromopropionic acid after the method of ABDERHALDEN. The stereochemical structure of the substance isolated from the squid meat was identified as meso-α-iminodipropionic acid by comparison with the authentic specimens. This substance had a peak appearing between cysteic acid and taurine in the liquid chromatogram and gave a very weak coloration with ninhydrin reagent. The structure of this compound is similar to that of octopine and lysopine in which an L-amino acid unites with the amino propionic acid having n-configulation. However, the physiolo-gical roles of these analogous compounds remain unexplained for the present time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (164K) -
安藤 哲夫, 金沢 昭夫, 手島 新一, Jacques PATROIS, Hubert J. CECCALDI1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1445-1449
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the variation in the lipids of tissues during the molting cycle of prawn, Penaeus japonicus. During the molting cycle, the most notable variation in the lipid concentration (mg/100g fresh tissue) was seen in the hepatopancreas; the lipid concentration reached a maximum at stage D0 (beginning of premolt period). Also, the pre-ecdysial increase of hepatopancreatic lipids was found to be derived from both polar and neutral lipids. In other tissues such as the muscle, eyestalk, integument, and remains, the lipid concentration varied with the molting stages, but the variation was not as remarkable as observed in the hepatopancreas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (259K) -
米田 勤, 山崎 文雄, 石原 義雄1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1451-1454
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe amino acid composition of chum salmon gonadotropin (s-GTH) was compared with that of carp gonadotropin (c-GTH). S-GTH has more glutamic acid and less valine and tyrosine than c-GTH. Moreover s-GTH was compared with the mammalian gonadotropins. S-GTH resembled ovine follicle stimulating hormone (o-FSH) in the number of histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, serine, gutamic acid and glycine residues and bovine luterinizing hormone (b-LH) in the number of alanine, half cystine and methionine residues. The general amino acid composition of s-GTH was more similar to o-FSH than to b-LH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (194K) -
テトラゾリウム・オキシダーゼとロイシン・アミノペプチダーゼの変異型藤野 和男, 長屋 信博1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1455-1459
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith the same objectives as those of the previous report on myogen and esterase variants, the genetic variations in tetrazolium oxidase and leucine aminopeptidase from digestive diverticula of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, sampled from Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture were examined and compared with the results obtained by other authors on an oyster population from Puget Sound, U.S.A.
Described were two loci in tetrazolium oxidase, indicating monomorphic F locus and three phenotypes determined by two codominant alleles in S locus with dimeric structure. At least two loci were suggested in leucine aminopeptidase, demonstrating eleven bands, among which combinations of three bands expressed six phenotypes with the frequencies of occurrence expected under Hardy-Weinberg's genetic equilibrium. Three alleles were proposed for this locus. No association was observed between the above loci and the loci of either myogen or esterases reported before.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
神谷 久男, 羽田野 六男, 橋本 芳郎1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1461-1465
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA screening test for ichtyootoxin, the toxin of fish roe, was performed on 23 species including the fishes suspected to be ichthyootoxic. The roes of two fishes, the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus and the blenny Stichaeus nozawai, were found to be toxic. A toxic lipid was extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) from killifish roe. Its chromatographic behavior on silicic acid columns was similar to that of dinogunellin, the Japanese northern blenny roe toxin. However, it did not exhibit the u.v. absorption maximum characteristic of dinogunellin. In addition, the 10% saline extract of the roe was nontoxic, indicating that the toxin does not occur as a lipoprotein in the roe.
A toxic component of blenny roe was extracted with chloroform-methanol, and was successfully purified using the procedure for dinogunellin. The purified toxin was indistinguishable from dinogunellin both in various qualitative tests and in chromatographic behavior. The saline extract was also toxic and afforded a toxic phospholipid indistinguishable from dinogunellin in TLC when extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1). These results strongly indicate that dinogunellin and its closely related substance(s) are distributed widely in the roes of marine ichthyootoxic fishes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
小瀧 裕一, 安元 健1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1467
発行日: 1977/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (101K) -
1977 年 43 巻 12 号 p. 1470
発行日: 1977年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (49K)
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