This research aims at clarifying actual conditions and residents' evaluation of residential environment by analyzing a questionnaire survey in rental apartment houses complexes built by OSAKA Prefectural Housing Corporation The authors unveiled results of the questionnaire and compared them with physical location conditions of the apartment houses and distribution of community facilities around them to examine accuracy of the residents' evaluations Depends on location characteristics and residents' attributes of different houses complexes' groups, actual conditions of residential environments and community facilities are different respectively The result shows that improvement of residential environment and complexes' location environment is important for residents as well as dwelling unit and rent Finally provisions are suggested from the viewpoint of dwelling unit, residential environment and complexes' location environment in order to improve residential environments around the houses complexes

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This is a case study of activities and space utilization in an IV (intravenous injection) center, in outpatient department of hospitals. Interviews to staff, mapping of spatial setting, and time studies on the utilization of beds were conducted. The findings were as follows : 1) Various kinds of drip infusions, including chemotherapy treatments for cancer patients, are practiced in the IV center. Most patients are revisited for followup treatments. 2) The IV center consists of areas with different functions and spatial settings. Various types of beds and easy chairs are installed for patient needs. 3) For cancer patients, the installment of gurneys and medical tubing (oxygen, aspiration, air supply) are needed. 4) Length of occupying each beds was depended on the drugs and injection methods used.

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Satisfaction and ease of access were proposed as primary indices of the users' assessment of inner-plaza atriums through factor analysis of twenty-two sample questionnaire survey data involving 1,503 staying users. Their explanatory variables were then identified through multiple regression analysis, which allowed the development of a set of calculation charts for the easy evaluation of atrium proposals. As much as 91.8 to 95.6% of variance was explained with factors of access, openness, atrium scale, events and spatial capacity for staying along with exterior open space, landscaping, and link-to-outside factors in predicting satisfaction and an amenity or centrality factor in predicting ease of access.

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In order to enrich an environment of bringing up children, elementary schools and community must play appropriate roles and cooperate. The purpose of this study is to find out how their roles and relationships are and should be. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Cooperation with not only local organizations like neighborhood association and elderly peoples' association but also with organizations with particular purposes or functions like NPO and volunteer groups for elementary schools are needed. 2) Elementary schools' and community's actions are not based on their locations or length of its history. 3) First, elementary schools must construct good relationship with local residents and organizations so that they can make concrete requests, and then make their activities better.

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This papei clarifies the telation between learning looms and learning piograms of environmental education facilities Main tesults are as follow 1 There aie many learning piogiams of inteiest 01 knowledge stage, and a few one of action 01 undeistanding stage Many facilities cany out piogiams of the only inteiest stage But more than half execute learning piogiams which have a conbination of some aim stages 2 From the equipments of learning loom, the use foirn of learning loom is classfied in lectuie, tiaimng, teaching matenals, and exhibition Learning progiams of using the pluial toom ate able to achieve a highet stage than ones of the single loom use.

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In Japan, the space of day care centers run by the public insurance for the care needed is normaly unified into large one room type The purpose of this study is to report the actual conditions of mini day care centers, to examine chractenstics of space use and also to discuss the possibility and limitation of mini day care centers Interviews to staff and city government officers and on-site observations of activities were conducted in four mini day care centers in a city/Tokyo Analysis of users attributions showed there were two types, 'Health promoting Center' and 'House for the elderly with dementia 'And the former was also divided into two by whether they held activity programs or not.one was 'Salon type and another was 'Activity Program type 'And analysis of space use pattern, conbmations of numbers of activities and that of groups in a space, showed there was a condition peculiar to 'Salon type', that everybody shared a room with individual activities It was named a 'pararell situation' The paper concluded a possibility of mini day care center was to have such a social situation differnt from general day care centers, but also mentioned the limitation from the point of impossibility of continuous use of centers after they needed physical helps

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Recently the importance of building accountability for clients has actualized. In this paper, regards the architectural-drawing as a lingua franca in between client and builder, we analyze the contents of the query & answer book for the completed architectural drawings and the contents of the change order list in the implementation stage. Results as follows. 1) There are some shortages and conflicts in the completed architectural drawings about "material" and "dimension". 2) There are some change orders about the "dimension", "configuration" and "specification or others" in the implementation stage. 3) There are some common parts of building, about 13% in the query & answer books and change order list. Therefore, it cannot declare that the shortage and conflicts in the completed architectural drawings is not inference to the change orders in the implementation stage.

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This paper aims to clarify the spatial form and transformation of Japanese fishermen's housing during the colonial period of Korea in Geomun-do Island. The research first reveals the background and formation of Japanese migratory process in order to illustrate the Japanese fishermen's village forms and its transformation in a period from 1910s to 1945. One of the characteristics of these residential quarters of Japanese fishermen is that the houses are not surrounded by garden areas, or if there is any are only narrow strips. The houses, according to their frontage width to the street, can be classified into one bay, two bay, and multiple bay types, whereas one and two bay types are the most common. The bay has a basic standard of 3.6 m width. The dwellings in general are of two storeys. The dwellings according to their location have one, two or up to 3 sides facing the street. In instances where the dwellings face more than one street, there are separate accesses to the shop or stores apart from the main entry to the house. The transformation of the dwellings usually occurs through plan extension and expansion of shop space. The rooms appear to be modified by giving them independent entry, a modification probably adapted to Korean lifestyle. There are also instances where the buildings are divided into separate units as well as those where two single bay units are merged into one. The latter type is due to the necessity of expansion of the dwelling unit, which was narrow from the beginning and could not be divided anymore.

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The purpose of this study is to show preservation policy impact on historical townscape and relationship between townscape transformation and changes of the area This research examines the case of Narai, Nagano Prefecture that is chosen as an Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in 1978 It is pointed out that preservation policy doesn't necessarily create a traditional townscape Although houses in Narai are under the preservation rule since 1978, the traditional architectural style doesn't show much increase It means that preservation project doesn't adhere to create a traditional townscape in the strict sense, this project contributes to create post-town like townscape, responding flexibly to resident's requests

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This paper aims to clarify how to form Civic Center for Urban Renewal analyzing cases of prefectural capital 27 Cities based on Japanese Castle-Towns in the Meiji and Taisho era Findings are as follows 1) Government and municipal offices tended to be nearby castle and gather each other to form Civic Center, 2)Just after replacing feudal domain system with prefecture system and operation of city organization sysytem, there were many cases of conversion of existing institutions to prefectural offices and city offices, 3)Nearby Civic Center, Castle Renewal such as reclaiming moats and creating new roads was done in many cities

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This study aims to clarify the living environment in which residents prefer in their old age in relation to the characteristics of daily activities that they want to perform This study is based on the results of an investigation (questionnaire survey) of the residents oflwata and Ube city The questionnaire was composed of two parts a) the living environment in which residents prefer in their old age "the central district area or suburbs, " and b) the daily activities that residents want to perform in their old age We combined these variables and analyzed their relation using a "Tree-Based Model " The results revealed that the determinant activities for the living environment were [Nature] and [Club] for both cities, [Club] for Iwata city, and [Exercise] for circumference part of Ube city

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Rooftop area and potential area for rooftop greening in Tokyo metropolitan area are estimated by analyzing polygon data of buildings and digital aerial photographs on geographic information system The followings are the results of this research 1) Rooftop area of buildings for public, commerce, residence and industry in 23 wards of Tokyo is estimated to be 16,491ha 2) The ratio of the potential area for rooftop greening is estimated to be 77 6% on average 3) Potential area for rooftop greening is 4,917ha, about 8% of 23 wards' area These results give important suggestions for planning scenarios of rooftop greening in Tokyo

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The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the streetscape in the old town of Oumi-hatiman, Shiga, Japan. As a hypothesis, the streetscapes are classified into four categories -'homogeneous', 'diverse of figure', 'diverse of ground', and 'complicated'- based on the concept of 'homogeneity-diversity', and 'figure ・ ground'. The usefulness of these categories was found through a description of characteristics of Oumi-hatiman, which involves both homogeneity and diversity from not only the viewpoint of each building, but streetscape and district. These categories are presented as a new clue to the streetscape control.

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The purpose of this study is to point out important features of process design in decision making of urban design projects "PLABERUM", a framework in the city of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, consists of seven phases in decision making process by defining a) purposes, b) tasks for each participant, c) products, d) agendas At end of each phase, final decisions are taken by the city executives The important factors are threefold (1) The framework of PLABERUM does not concern contents but forms of proposals (2) The framework of PLABERUM supports logical development of contents in the proposals It defines that the contents of each phase, based on the former phase, are designated to list up plans and commissions for the next phase (3) In each phase, it is flexible to employ preliminary designs, which are not defined as a product in the framework With these alternative studies and preliminary designs, participants can explore possibilities To be concluded, the importance of PLABERUM is to have the definition of framework and its flexibility at the same time

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This study aims to examine the historical development process, programs, and funding of Community Technical Aid Centre, which is non-profit organization in the U.K that provide architectural and planning technical aid, and also to compare with Community Design Centers in the U.S to clarify its similarity and difference. Community Technical Aid Centre has developed in parallel with community-based organizations since 1960s, and has played important role mainly in architectural design and feasibility study for community-based organizations through strong community participation. However, even today, it is severe social and economic circumstance for them to maintain its service in both countries.

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Since 1970s local government reform, four main concepts of Publicness in Denmark have been democracy from below, governance, public-private partnership and policy network. In Denmark, public and private sectors including local government, voluntary associations, NGOs and residents work together in creation and implementation of a plan. The network of relationships among the various participants of planning process characterizes diversity of Publicness. It is noted that public participation in planning process is empathized and actively pursued.

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This study aims to understand peculiar housing situation of Single Mother Households in Japan Recently, greater rates of divorce or separation caused by changes in lifestyles and social awareness for women has been contributed to the growing number of Single Mother Households However, these families are facing difficulties to be economically and socially independent Their owner occupation rate has been decreasing on the other hand the rate of living in public housing, private housing, or returning to their parents or relatives, has been increasing While their income is just a fraction of that of general households, hence housing expenses for housing are still much of a burden for single mother households to manage under the market-onented housing provision Therefore their limited economic status relegates them to cheaper, lower quality housing

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This paper discussed on the evaluation of building works with the priorities of decision. Two axis of evaluation were selected for the comparison cease of working and clabor productivity because they share the property of being the most fundamental factors in the building works. The pair-wise comparison with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST) are applied for the estimate of cease of working and clabor productivity. The authors estimated the priorities of the six-alternatives in partition wall works. The differences between the priorities were evaluated, and it was clarified that the method is applicable to the decision in planning work methods.

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It is important to understand the tendency to the repairs expense of facilities to plan the operation of facilities efficiently. The process of mending the object facilities and the process until executing mending were clarified by hearing in this research. In addition, the data base was made based on the mending order record. After that, the mending construction was classified, expressed numerically, and analyzed. As a result, the feature of the repairs expense was clarified.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the knowledge, the contents and the interest of housing education regarding the street of the dweller in a traditional residence area of Wakimachi where are known as the street of "Udathu" The results are as follows 1) There is much proportion that the dweller has the knowledge regarding the residence and the street of Udathu' and the interest regarding community planning is high Especially the trend was seen strongly as the aged 2) The contents of study that the dweller requests are "history and culture", "the street and view beauty", " Udathu, lattice door" and "the goodness of a wooden residence" etc 3) The proportion that the child requires with the place and opportunities of all the schools, homes and social education for the place where learns the street is most frequent, the place of the multilateral education is thinking the necessity as high dwellers of the participation and interest degree to community planning

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The SIN-sect of Buddhism expanded to farm villages and provinces during the first half of the Edo era A large number of SIN-sect temples were founded in both types of religions at that time However, these temples were not registered as Buddhism temples The names of unregistered religions institutions are recorded in "A book of NINCHIKUARATAMECHO" written in the year KAN-EI10 (1633) The Edo Shogunate promulgated a law in the year GENROKU 5 (1692) for promoting pre-existing structures to temple status and defining the ANSITSU (Hermit's Cell) This law was fully established with inspections even by the Higo Clan during the years BUNSEI 6 to 11 (1823〜1828) "ANSITSU" were defined as structures with a beam length of 2 5 KEN or less Buddhist images were hung inside "ANSITSU" that did not qualify as Buddhist temples

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A study of the spatial use of Machtya (town houses) m Okayama district from the viewpoint of the initiation ceremonies and annual events (1) Some initiation ceremonies and annual events have a relation with particular spaces in Machiya (2) Misenoma and Okunoma spaces in Machiya are used in funeral Zashiki space on second floor is used in wedding ceremmies Okunoma spaces are used in Ban festival (3) In Shimotsui district many kinds of spaces in Machiya are used in initiation ceremonies and annual events, while in Yakage district only Okunoma space is mainly used in initiation ceremonies and annual events

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This study aims to clarify the details of uniform townscape in Kyoto city under the Tokugawa regime. This paper deals with relation between townscape and regulation in Kyoto city of the 17l century. As the result of that, official notices notified by Tokugawa shogunate and Shosidai (Kyoto governor) uniformed townscape about 1662, after that preserved by town people's agreements.

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In illegal architectural acts amongst the Hagi Clan, I studied cases in which buildings were completely altered from the original submitted plan, pointing out the following 1 In the cases above, there were two practices used to elude the completion check, A) undergoing the completion check, adding buildings thereafter B) undergoing the completion check, whilst concealing the buildings altered from the original submitted plan for fear of being revealed 2 This practice is evident in the case of a gate whose roof had double rafters and whose materials were zelkova tree

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The " Convention of Improvement of Settlement, Race Course, Cemetery, &c. of Yokohama" (the 3rd Estate Regulation) was established in 1866. This town planning of Yokohama was the first modem one in Japan. R. H. Brunton was emploied as pioneer engineering soon after the disastrous fire of November 26, 1866. Brunton proposed for the plan of Public Garden (today, Yokohama Kouen and Yokohama Stadium) and Street (today, Nihon O-dori) between the native and foreign towns Kannai, Yokohama. The local government announced a fire prevention plans of the red-brick or stone housing project on April 24,1872. However, this project was not completed . And, row houses codes were promulgated by indigenous technology in June 26, 1886.

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This study is written with the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the Theory of Architectural Evolution which was proposed in the early 2Oth century by Chuta Ito who is known as the first Japanese architectural historian, a theorist and an architect This paper treats "The Prospects of Japanese Architecture Seen from The Principles of Architectural Evolution" which was published m 1909 Through this analysis, it is indicated that he stated that architecture is like living being, which means future Japanese architecture should be not only mnovatior but also successor to the tradition Moreover this paper clarifies Ito's Theory of Architectural Evolution was made to emphasize the subjectivity of Japanese modern architecture

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Vitruvius described four styles of columns in his DeArchitectura, namely, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Tuscan. It is interesting to note that he also mentioned two styles of bases, i.e., Ionic and Attic, and three styles of doors, i.e., Doric, Ionic and Attic. We now need to consider what the Attic style is. It is known that the classical five Orders, abovementioned four types and Composite one, have been established from the 16th Century in Italy. This paper intends to examine the descriptions about the Attic style in the architectural treatises in the Renaissance, especially Raphael's descriptions, and to consider the relationship between the rise of the Composite Order and the fall of the Attic style.

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architect had a paper ' A reflection about the building of school " in April 1957 He had designed the campas Hosei university during 1953-1958 And then Hyoe OUCHI president of the university had written two papers " Independent of Japan and Duty of the private university (September 1950) and " A Testament to Hosei university"(April 1959) Now we are thinkng about these remraks, we have a recognization about an idea of the university against the misfortune and revival after Warld War Secound An educational institution and university is enviromental location naked by the beautiful buildings and beautiful gardens,but not so on. Between these two remarks,we discover an action of the spirit of the university, as a recollection of the experiences reberal, and as a live of the presence.

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the fundamental form of Broadacre City, which is Frank Lloyd Wnght's ideal city, through analysis of his thought of city The task is carried through analyzing the concepts of "integration of decentralization," "democracy," and "organic," which are presented by himself to understand his city planning Through this analysis, it is made clear that the Broadacre's disposition of houses, with the sufficient ground and with educational institutions of nature-study as the central, is interpreted as the growing form of dwelling of man who is united to Nature and also holds individuality

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The purpose of this research is to clarify the spatial composition and the process of formation of the old inner-city of Hashimoto in Wakayama Prefecture based on analyses of historic records The town of Hashimoto was founded in 1585 by a famous Koyasan monk, MOKUJIKI Ogo There were 83 households by 1601, which seemed to have composed Nishi-machi, Yoko-machi and Naka-machi along the Yamato Highway As the number of households in Hashimoto increased, houses spread to Ura-machi and Kawara-machi away from the highway, where people were obliged to bear only half the taxes burdened by those who lived along the highway On the other hand, though there were merely 5 households in 1601 in Kosada-mura located next to Hashimoto, its population increased rapidly through the 17th and the 18th century consequently enlarging the town area, which was linked to the area of Hashimoto Thus, the social and spatial structures of Hashimoto became complex

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This study aims to clarify the problems of the landscape of tourism in a city, and to analyze the changing processes of the view objects along the sightseeing bus tours in Hiroshima City which were established in 1954. A focus was conducted into the procedures of tour guides, by analyzing the contents of extant five texts from 1973 to 1999. As a result, we found that the transition of introduced landscapes was the losing processes of the concept of overlooking the distant view of landscapes such as urban industrial buildings in the bay areas or the Seto Island Sea.

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Kuze family, one of the members of the high court nobility, occupied townsmen land in Kyoto from the late 17th century In this study it appears that the Kuze expanded their townsman-land property through the procurement and accumulation of plots bordering their own residence Property expansion was particularly rapid during the first half of the 19th century, resulting in the constitution of a remarkably large property The acquisition of townsmen land, however, did not always proceed exactly according to Kuze plans In fact, it appears such transactions were only made possible through negotiation with the surrounding towns

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The following three points should be discussed : 1) The relation to the master's thesis written by myself 2) The honden of Fujinomori-jinja Shrine 3) The presentation of the karidono to Kaju-ji Temple

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The author thanks Masava Fujita for his discuss and the answera are as follows (1)This research is the produce of mv own obserations on the histor and circumstances surrounding the presentation ol the Naishi-dokoio s 'kandono' to the shrines ol Kamigono and Shimogorvo (2) It is necessar to reexannne the circumstances surrounding the presentation ol the honden' ot Fujimon Shrine (3) The results of the suney on Kaju-ji Temple are not included here

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