This paper studied the environmental transition and living environment of the elderly Japanese people from China. It indicated that: (1) Most of them moved several times after coming to Japan, and the relocations brought them environment changes. (2) Most of them lived in public houses without barrier-free facilities and their home lifestyle can be divided into 3 types. Most of them have passive community lifestyle in neighborhood, and what they value most is the relationship with neighbors. (3) Most of them have weak social connection degree and live very isolated life and cannot adapt to Japanese society well.
In this study, we focus on houses with semi-public spaces, which embody a new lifestyle in relation to the community. The examples published on “Shinkenchiku Jutakutokushu” (2006~2020) are analyzed. In addition to the analysis of the use of semi-public spaces, the relationships between semi-public spaces and private spaces are analyzed from three aspects: “patterns of access”, “versatility” and “connection types”. As a result, typical composition types of houses with semi-public spaces are extracted.
This study investigated English lessons and physical settings at ten schools in Denmark. First, English education and space used in English lessons were examined by interviews with teachers. Next, behavior observations of students and teachers in English lessons were conducted. Teachers are found considering that adequate open spaces have good effects on English lessons, especially speaking English and group works. The characteristics of the fifteen English lessons were clarified through exploring the relationship of contents, activities, and system of settings.
This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of the space conditions of day service facilities for reused wooden houses for elders as well as the relationship between the plan types and layout of space functions. Reused wooden houses are larger in scale and total floor size than typical detached houses. The layout of the space functions depends on the presence of independent connected rooms. In case of having independent room, a dedicated room for meals and naps can be prepared. Because wooden houses have many rooms, a certain amount of nap space can be secured.
To determine the physical factors that affect place attachment in public places in urban areas in Japan, this study aims to clarify the structure of place attachment and environmental elements of railroad commuters by focusing on station retail buildings in urban areas.
The study shows that environmental satisfaction affects place identity, place dependence, and social bonds through the psychological quantity of the environment. It is deduced that the influence of the place identity and place dependence on place attachment to station retail buildings in urban areas was greater than that of social bonds.
Correlation analysis revealed the following about the characteristics of the shared space of a complex buildings.
1) The texture, openness, and three-dimensional effect of the shared space are greatly influenced by the material of the elevation. It is suitable to use "stone / brick / tile" material.
2) In addition to the material composition, elements such as color and layout plan are included to produce the hardness, individuality, and boldness of the shared space.
This study focuses on cities that have developed from castle towns, and attempts to understand how the “area” of a city planning master plan was formed. The castle town merges with the cities, towns and villages to become a municipality. Among the municipalities, the castle town expanded into the urban area. It will become the center of the city planning master plan. The central area consists of the area of the castle town and the area suitable for the current situation. This study derives the pattern that changes from castle town to present “area”.
In this study, we examined the state of highway bus terminal development in Akita, Yamagata, Niigata, and Toyama prefectures, together with issues and findings involving the development of bus terminals and urban areas in regional cities. Redevelopment projects are shown to be major opportunities to construct new bus terminals. In any such effort, it is important to incorporate the necessary functions and roles into the facilities, but if development of facilities that are not commensurate with city size can subsequently lead to an increased financial burden.
The purpose of this study is to consider a method of creating a lively atmosphere that promotes human behavior and activities in the city center of local city. The following points can be apparent: (1) On weekdays, household chores-related stagnation behaviors are distributed throughout the target area. (2) The stagnation behaviors such as standing talk and children’s play on alleys where there is little car traffic are confirmed. (3) It is desired to improve surrounding facilities and take measures for vacant houses. At the same time, they have been pointed out as dissatisfied items.
COVID-19 has a significant impact on our living behavior. The emergence of depressive symptoms is beginning to be a problem for the elderly. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between changes in li ving behavior and depressive symptoms in a suburban residential area during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a questionnaire survey at Teraikedai in Osaka Prefecture. The results showed that depressive symptoms were related to living behaviors such as "daily physical activity," "community gatherings about hobbies," and "sleep at night." Residents with depressive symptoms wanted community activities related to child safety.
This research aims to clarify the relation between the characteristics of the buildings by redevelopment projects and the changes in the numbers of stores around them in local cities in Japan. The results are as follows:
1. The characteristics of the building have an effect on the numbers. Especially, the site areas and the floor area ratios had a negative effect, while the building coverage ratio showed the opposite.
2. The characteristics of the redeveloped site also had an effect. Especially, the ratio of Neighborhood commercial zone had a positive effect, while the ratio of Commercial zone showed the opposite.
In recent years, the use of woody biomass energy attracted attention as a solution to global warming. Some municipalities thus formulated the “Biomass Industrial City Concept” to address its use in their region. However, local characteristics and benefit sharing by stakeholders were not considered. Therefore, the authors set heat utilization case and evaluated the cost-benefit ratio (B/C) of each stakeholder to indicate areas, facilities, and buildings that should be prioritized for utilization planning. The results showed that B/C evaluation can lead to the consideration of woody biomass utilization planning that takes into account local characteristics and benefit sharing by stakeholders.
This paper presents a novel methodology for land-use pattern comparison with the application of image smoothing algorithms and histogram similarity. This method measures the degree of similarity between land-use patterns with integrative consideration of the composition and the spatial relationship of land-use units. This paper verified the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments of the land-use pattern comparison with simulated land-use maps, demonstrated the applicability of the method in urban studies by a sample application of this method to the land-use pattern comparison of 6 Shinkansen station areas, and clarified the limitations of this method.
This paper studied the draft of “Struktur und Freiheit” written by Tomoya MASUDA to find the relations between the Masuda’s thought and the architectural works by MASUDA. The author found following 3 points. In the draft;
1. Masuda defined “landscape” as a structure or meanings read in the things by the man.
2. Masuda used the idea “landscape” named after the behavior of reading the meanings of things which is found in past Japanese people.
3. Masuda's thoughts have great similarity to the ideas and the site plan of his works that was aimed to achieve “Keikan”(English:landscape).
The paper describes the analysis of the quasi-cross vaults in Ostia, which provide the new evidence that can either fill gaps in our understanding or simply add to how the Roman constructed the vaults. The first part deals with the typologies of construction methods applied in the vaults. The second part is the reconstruction of the quasi-cross vault’s centering while curing in the construction process, focusing on their intersectional lines onto orthogonal projection.
The aim of this treatise is to define the Roman and the Roman-typed theatre cavea plans, clearify the process of the formation and spread of those plans and draw out some features of ancient Mediterranean Architecture through the Roman theatre cavea plans. It consists of three papers and in this first paper are discussed the principal characters of the Roman theatre cavea plans, the three elements of creating the plans, three types of cavea plan (A, B, C type) of the Roman-typed theatre and the formation of the predecessor of the A type until the early first century B.C.
The purpose of this study is to grasp the act of conserving and inheriting modern architecture as a long-term sustainable process from the completion. The research subject is the former Tetsuma Akaboshi House, designed by Antonin Raymond. The viewpoints based on the conservation succession process are following.
1. Institutional status such as rights related to the owner
The system of rights related to the owner effectively responded to changes in the social situation.
2. Daily use by the owner and resident
It was effective that the owner and resident lived with the philosophy of supporting the building’s maintenance and inheriting.