Combining field surveys and historical research on the rural dwellings of ethnic Korean, Han, and Manchu, this research aims to clarify the ethnic characters of the spatial order considered from three perspective of village structure, site gate arrangement and the main building plan. The research results inferred that a spatial order has been existed in the rural dwellings in northern China, based on an east or west-oriented hierarchy centered on east-west axis which are different from the traditional architecture of ethnic Han has a south-oriented hierarchy and place the buildings symmetrically along north-south axis.
Defined as Community Involvement in this paper, having contact with people in the communities by childcare facilities within their premises is regarded as an attempt to involve local communities in childcare. This paper aimed to clarify its diversity systematically under the indexes of activity description and visitor’s attribute. The 310 actual cases of contact with outsiders collected from the questionnaire survey conducted in the special wards of Tokyo were classified, and 29 types of Community Involvement were extracted. This demonstrates the possibilities of the interrelationship between childcare and community, which had been often envisaged in administrative documents and previous studies.
This study examines the possibilities and challenges of integrating a junior high school and a community center based on user evaluations of a pioneering case. Since the authors clarified that the case was spatially integrated well, this paper comparatively verified the space, operation, and user interaction on the case from the viewpoints of students, school faculty, and community center users. Some positive and negative evaluations of different user groups were identified by cross-analyzing three aspects and suggested that the synergy of careful space planning and flexible organizational structure was critical to integrating a junior high school and a community center.
This study will ascertain the actual conditions of creative activities by citizens that have been undertaken in public art museums. The purpose is to gain knowledge for planning art museums as public facilities that generate a new sense of participation. In order to capture the actual status of creative activities, a questionnaire survey was conducted in public art museums. Field surveys were conducted to capture the actual conditions of art museums use by creative activities. Based on the findings from the survey analysis, the report summarizes the state of art museums from the perspective of creative activities.
People strongly believe that closure of primary school has a negative impact on communities. To verify this hypothesis, the purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between primary school closure and local population in Japan. We compare the rates of population change before and after five or ten years of school consolidations in a regional core city. As a result, seventy to eighty percent of school closures in the city could see no acceleration of the local population decline after the consolidations. The results before and after ten years are almost same in that of five years.
This study analyzed questionnaire datas from municipal art museums, located throughout Japan, to clarify the actual conditions and requirements for the facilities. Our results showed the ratio of storage-related rooms area to the total floor area, to show the actual state of the size of each room. More than 60% of facilities were dissatisfied with the sizes and number of rooms in their storage facilities, indicating the needs to plan from a long-term perspective rather than a short-term perspective when it comes to the ever-increasing number of stored works.
This study focuses on Unnan City, which was created in 2004 through the merger of five towns and one village. Following Part 1, which focuses on the period before the merger, this paper summarizes population trends, the status of the development and reorganization of public utility facilities, the city’s administrative and financial situation, and how special merger bonds were used after the Heisei merger. Furthermore, we examine the development of the new city’s central area and the content of city-wide initiatives, as well as clarify the issues it faced and initiatives it undertook after the wide-area merger in mountainous area.
Investigating architecture statistics with consideration of construction and building period, this paper shows that the renovation cost of housing and non-housing per order decreased by half between 2008 and 2017 while the number of orders increased, and that the average renovation cost between 2008 and 2017 of housing built before about between 20 and 55 years per unit area is the highest. This paper also evaluated the renovation costs for 30 years and 60 years. Compared with the other estimation and the other paper, these previous estimations are respectively about 3 times and 9 times higher than this paper.
This research develops a tool to quantitatively assess sequential streetscape changes along walking paths, enhancing the understanding of urban space depth through a new “streetscape change degree” metric. It builds on and extends gaze vector method to capture detailed spatial changes, validated by comparing traditional visible region indicators and a case study in Tokyo’s Kagurazaka area. The tool’s effectiveness in identifying nuanced streetscape transitions demonstrates its potential for broader urban analysis and insights into the experiential depth of urban and architectural spaces.
In postwar Shimonoseki, improved housing complex (13 buildings with 593 units) was constructed through the mix enforcement of a land readjustment project and two urban redevelopment projects for urban residential renewal. This study examines the historical meaning of this Shimonoseki Ekimae Urban Renewal from the perspective of housing design. As a result, the historical positioning of the urban renewal is clarified, and it is shown that the development was an urban design practice that reorganized urban space through housing under district-scale city planning, and that the improved housing is a concrete postwar architecture that demonstrates this planning technique.
In densely built-up wooden residential areas, the potential for extensive fires in the event of a significant earthquake is considerable. Thus, there is an imperative to advocate for the reconstructing structures with enhanced fire resistance. This paper presents an approach aimed at mitigating fire-related damage by strategically targeting a limited number of buildings. Our method involves the segmentation of a large fire cluster—where multiple buildings are concurrently affected by fire propagation—by separating the fire spread network into some sub-networks. Subsequently, we validate the efficacy of this method through a series of fire spread simulations.
Sequence of traditional buildings when walking and boating were analyzed by the relationship between landscape and eye movement, sense of unity.
1.The spatial conposition of the landscape when boating changed less than that when walking.
2.Structures, plantings are conspicuous when boating. When walking, building are conspicuous too.
3.Eaves and first floor walls of traditional buildings raise unity when walking. Roofs and second floor walls of traditional buildings raise unity when boating. Untraditional wall and bridges lower unity when walking, and high landscape elements lower unity both when walking and when boating.
Shinkin banks have recently focus on community design initiatives. Through the survey, it became clear that shinkin banks can work together to realize community design by utilizing the local information to connect local players. These approaches included examples such as the creation of regional hubs through the use of stocks. Since the realization of sustainable communities will also enhance the sustainability of shinkin banks, we believe that they can accurately understand the current status of the community and realize initiatives to improve and enhance it have the potential to contribute to the community as the main player in community design.
In this study, we clarified the characteristics of job satisfaction by occupation and age group based on the survey (n = 2,318) of building construction business sector of the Japanese general contractor. And we also classified them into five groups based on the characteristics of their response tendencies by cluster analysis and discussed the characteristics and improvement measures for each group. Finally, a structural model of the formative factors of employee engagement is presented by structural equation modeling. After clarifying these issues, we examined job satisfaction and employee engagement enhancement.
In steel fabrication, extensive time spent on drafting drawings highlights the need for efficiency. A key issue is incomplete detailed design at the design phase, leading to frequent modifications due to design changes, thus increasing workload and reducing productivity. This study proposes separating engineering tasks related to drafting from fabrication and establishing independent contracts, enabling early detailed design through front-loading to reduce design change frequency. This approach could optimize the drafting process and enhance productivity, allowing fabricators to focus on specialized manufacturing. However, clarifying contract and responsibility divisions remains a future challenge in the steel sector.
The paper discusses Munakata Shuichi’s architectural works in the first half of 20th century in Northeast China, by focusing on his career and architectural articles. This study positions Munakata within the history of modern architecture and the urban formation in Dairen. It shows that his design methods were influenced by the Secession and Rotterdam of J.J.P. Oud. He designed modern dwellings in urban areas and the first modern apartment houses in the new central district of Dairen. Additionally, Munakata Shuichi can be considered one of the most successful private architect in Dairen in the first half of 20th century.
This study compared the design processes of St. Mary’s Cathedral and the Kawauchi Catholic Church. The results revealed three common points between the two churches. First, the gable roof was accounted for before considering the hyperbolic paraboloidal shell (HP shell). Second, although the sites were small, the orientation of the altar was highlighted. Third, precast concrete was not used to emphasize the skylight. Furthermore, two differences between the churches were identified. First, the thickness and exterior of the HP shell were different, owing to differences in the scale of the churches. Second, the emphasis on the skylight differed.
In this study, the planning process for the Japan Pavilion at Expo 67 (held in Montreal) and the content showcased at the pavilion was analyzed. The analysis 1yielded three findings. First, Yoshinobu Ashihara’s initial design involved an assemblage of huge precast girders, which were later reduced to human scale. Second, although Vierendeel girders were used, this feature was inspired by Kenzo Tange’s design for the Dentsu headquarters. Third, the exterior space comprised pilotis (or piers) supporting the pavilion, a Japanese garden, and a plaza; these, however, did not draw as much attention as the motorcar and motorbike show area.
Analyzed by a topological isomorphism of the diagram, this paper reveals the inherent geometric order in the morphology of "Philips Pavilion" by Xenakis. In the design process of “Philips Pavilion” by Xenakis, ruled surfaces were divided into several hyperbolic paraboloids and controlled by parameters while maintaining the concavity and convexity of freeform curves of the initial sketch by Le Corbusier, indicating Xenakis’s pursuit of geometric principles to manipulate modeling. In addition, the topological isomorphism of the diagram reveals its symmetry at the topological level of surfaces from the initial stage to the final design in Xenakis’s design process.
This paper is a part of the research to characterize and identify the architectural theory of Fumitaka Nishizawa (1915-1986) through his articles. The keywords were sorted out as items and examined from the viewpoint of hierarchy of the meaning. The first level items of his architectural theory are 【Architecture】, 【Garden】, and 【Relationship between Architecture and Gardens】. This paper is examining 《Recognition of Age》, 《Space》 of 【Architecture】.
This study specifically clarified the recognition process of landscapes as tourism resources on the changing descriptions of features in guidebooks. The features in Nikko, described comprehensively in the “Nikko-San shi”, were evaluated for their worth by Satow’s unique perspective, with its natural and artistic scenery deemed picturesque and visit-worthy. With modernization, the geographical scope of the tourist destinations was expanded with the addition of landscape descriptions and information on routes, duration, and viewing points, which strengthened the nature of the tour as a consumption of pre-developed picturesque landscapes and the panoramic perception of the landscape of Nikko.
This study examines the issues of design for traditional performing arts facilities through the construction plan of the National Theatre. The construction plan has been changed frequently in terms of site area, scale of construction, and training programs. Furthermore, the target of preservation has been changed from domestic and international performing arts to a focus on traditional performing arts. This construction process has made issues the definition of traditional performing arts, and affected the discussion of the architectural style of the National Theatre.