The objective of this paper is to clarify the pattern of block formation, segregation, housing types and their transformation, based on the clinical survey of the Kuttichira district in Kozhikode, India, as part of the research project entitled “Study on the formation and transformation of port cities in the Indian Ocean”. Calicut is a well-known port city inhabited by various foreign merchants, where trade goods carried by dhow ships from Arabia and those carried by junk ships from China are transshipped. Kuttichira is the district where Mappila Muslims, who formed the first Muslim community in South Asia, live.

A method to support rational reorganization planning was improved to be more generic, and its practicality was clarified by applying it to Kobe municipal housing complexes. First, we developed a computationally inexpensive algorithm that applies depth-first search, allowing us to consider a larger number of dwelling units and houses for reorganizing. Then, “the sale site is grouped together” and “the site abuts a road” are taken into account, allowing more practical combinations to be derived. Furthermore, the break-even point of the reorganizing project was clarified so that the feasibility of the project could be examined from the viewpoint of profitability.

In this study, we conducted a survey of experts, related persons, and residents in two cases of super high-rise housing in Taipei, which have many common spaces and facilities on the upper floors. Mixing diverse resident groups, planning common spaces, setting up welfare facilities and stores on lower floors, community building events held in meeting rooms, etc., there are differences depending on the number of floors and uses of common spaces on the upper floors.

Krupp company had built many workers’ housings since the mid-19th century. One of them is “Altenhof” for the company’s retired or invalid workers. This paper examined the outline of this housing estate and floor plans of welfare facilities for the elderly. And it was found that these facilities consist of private rooms and small community spaces for each cluster of private rooms (so called “unit”). The planning principles of today’s nursing-homes have already been incorporated in them. It can be said, therefore, that character of these facilities was very advanced.

This study conducted a follow-up survey of 32 kindergarten children and clarified the movements included in play during free childcare. The results of this research are shown below.

1) There are an average of 17.6 types of 36 movements performed by children during the day's play. Children with physical strength have many types of movements included in play.

2) There was a difference in the ratio of the number of children between the group with many types of motion and the group with few types of motion in 17 types out of 36 types.

The purpose of this study is to:

1)Clarify the measures to prevent and control COVID-19 infections in a home-hospice.

2)Reveal families’ mourning behavior and the support they received during the period of end-of-life care, as observed by the manager.

Some results show as follows:

1)The home-hospice was taking measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 while trying to continue daily life as usual for its residents and their families.

2)We clarified that the families’ mourning during the period of end-of-life care had six stages from the interview of managers.

The objective of this study is to focus on plant arrangement and clarify the effect on intellectual productivity during information processing. First, we evaluated the impression of green visibility in virtual space. From factor analysis, similar evaluations were obtained in real space and virtual space. The psychological evaluation factor was found to be the highest at a green vision rate of 7.9%. Next, four arithmetic operations were performed in the five plant placement spaces. It became clear that the psychological evaluation was high for desks and wall hangings. It was inferred that the arrangement of plants reduced the working time.

This study investigated the effects of changes of spatial size on sense of time and gaze characteristics by experiments using virtual reality. We aimed to gain knowledge regarding the spatial designing method for manipulating sense of time. The results indicated the followings.

1. The sensory-evaluated duration is shorten caused by the instantaneous change in spatial size.

2. The sensory-evaluated duration is shorten caused by moving to the small spatial size throughout the sequence.

3. There is a relationship between the shift in sensory-evaluated durations caused by changes in spatial size and the shift in the position of the gazing point.

It is difficult for visually handicapped people to recognize spaces and their position when they walk on curved paths. They often have accidents or lose their way in such paths. In this study, in order to clarify the spatial cognition of the visually handicapped and their characteristics of the search behavior, experiments were carried out by producing 7 kinds of model paths. I made it clear whether the visually handicapped could recognize the direction of the paths, whether they could keep the direction, and how to know the direction and the clues for their spatial cognition.

Elevated railway projects are being promoted these days. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of the projects on the surrounding roadside land prices by examining the correlation with the improvement of network indices that express convenience and liveliness, and so on. By examining the differences in the rate of change of these indices and the prices before and after each project, we clarified the relationship between the network indices and the increase in the prices. And developed a model to classify the degree of increase in the prices.

The architecture is not only a shelter to protect people from influences of outside space but also the symbol of a lot of relationships with others like people, society, culture, environment, technology, etc. In order to understand the importance of the accumulation of relationships included in spaces, the study surveys and analyzes spaces, time, and data related to a regional character from an essay written by a local inhabitant. The study aims to reveal that human activities develop especially in spaces with diverse relationships and the value of space with diversity.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes and factors of a series of munitions factories that have been manufacturing and developing aircraft engines. Concretely, the transition of factory size and land use was clarified through the identification of the offices related to the daiko factory. This paper also examines the social conditions at that time and the policies of the military government and GHQ that influenced these factory transformations, and clarifies the spatial characteristics of the factory corresponding to most advanced production system in aircraft manufacturing.

In order to demonstrate the actual trend of landscape and the reasons of their succession,this study adopts four research stages: 1) Arrangement and succession of windbreaks; 2) Form of traditional MINKA; 3) Arrangement and use of plant resources around the traditional MINKA; 4) A questionnaire survey. The first resarch presents that the arrangement of windbreak has changed, comparing the two eras. The second resarch presents the form of the thatch house, covered with metalic plate. The third resarch presents the elements around MINKA. The fonrth rescarch presents the evaluation of the landscape of the dispersed settlements.

Sannai is a unique work-live settlement where Tatara ironmaking was extensively practiced. The objective of this article is to analyse the significance of terraced houses remained in Sugaya Tatara Sannai Ironmaking Village, which is a pre-modern industrial heritage and designated as an Important Tangible Folk Cultural Property for its exceptional cultural value. However, the memories of livelihood associated with ironmaking practice are about to fade away. This article focuses on terraced houses, one of the characteristics of Sannai, to explore its social and architectural aspects of the company accommodation scheme in contribution to the operation of this particular settlement.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal transition of awareness of problems and policies for urban expansion in Toyama city. Since the 1960s, they had been concerned about the sprawling phenomenon, and proposed the implementation of planned land readjustment in the area adjacent to the existing urban area as a solution, but results were not efficient. On the other hand, they have long had a policy of ensuring the convenience of living in the ever-expanding urban area through transportation. It can be evaluated that the accumulation of such discussions became the basis of “Compact city” policy.

This study focuses on the relationship between urban development and Shinto shrine renovations. In the case of Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Shinto shrines in three wards in the central Tokyo have been renovated in compliance with various rules of urban development. To understand the ways in which development has been successfully completed in each case, we carried out a detailed literature review and interviews. By establishing an overview of cases, we identified common factors as well as the post-development process of spatial formation and rationale for design. Our findings show that Shinto shrines are protected from the threat of development.

Followings are the results. (1) The forestry and wood industry in Totsukawa village have developed through the production and sale of logs centered on the three parties : local government, forestry association and lumber cooperative association. (2) Private companies have conducted business on the basis of the infrastructure development by the three parties. (3) Totsukawa village has made a spontaneous effort and created an input-output relationship centered on forestry and wood industry. (4) "Sixth Industrialization of Forestry" in Totsukawa village was realized because the three parties have inherited assets and played an intermediate role in developing forestry and wood industry.

In Japan, many housing complexes were constructed during the postwar reconstruction period and the period of rapid economic growth. Commercial facilities were built in these housing complexes, but due to the aging of the facilities, reconstruction has become necessary. This study clarified the reconstruction method and process of KOURIGAOKA CORiO in Kori housing complex, as well as its subsequent management and operation. Furthermore, we conducted a questionnaire survey of visitors and compared their awareness of the current KOURIGAOKA CORiO with that of the shopping district before the reconstruction and analyzed the results.

In this paper we clarified the characteristics of development and continuation of regional activation activities as an example of the Yusuikai with the Benten shrine and the surrounding ponds located in the center of the Kawazu-village where the environment changed significantly during the high-growth period, focusing on the relationship with existing activities. The following points were clarified. (1) The time-series characteristics included formative-period, establishment-period, a turning point, and development-period. (2) Events after history study sessions were mainly exchanged for the community-based contents (3) Existing activities contributed to the birth of new activities and important adjustments for the continuation of activities.

The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge on the spread of Photovoltaic in Germany. There are major differences between Japan and Germany in zoning, including building permits for PV installations and land use restrictions. Based on these, we will show the direction toward the spread of PV in Japan. The first point, Considering making all PV installation a registration system; The second point, Mandatory environmental impact assessment for ground-based PV in rural areas; The third point, Correspondence of cityscape conservation area of urban area utilizing landscape law; The fourth point, Ensuring high quality PV panels.

Global warming is causing changes in temperature and rainfall patterns all over the world. The severity of urban floods is exacerbated by urbanization. Traditional grey infrastructure is incapable of dealing with intense and unpredictable storms. As a result, new approaches to climate change and urban flooding are required. Green infrastructure (GI) is widely regarded as a nature-based solution to mitigating the various pressures brought by climate change. This study determines how much runoff exceeds the capacity of Bangkok’s existing drainage systems, prioritizes the areas where GI is required, and recommends the best GI implication for tropical urban areas.

This study analyzes the transformation of land ownership and land use in Naka-Uji area of Uji City during the modern era, and clarifies how they have responded to conditions of natural environment and urban infrastructure through the process of developing cultural landscapes. Regarding the land ownership, “The unit of land ownership” forms underlying structure of cultural landscape. Regarding the land use, "mosaic structure of open spaces" is revealed which consists of open spaces to be transformed autonomously and those to be regulated by conditions of natural environment and urban infrastructure and cannot be transformed as itself.

This study clarifies current situation of Area Division System after 2014 fiscal year and the relation with Urban Facility Location Plan with empirical methodology, targetting prefecture municipalities besides three metropolitan areas. Bipolarization by municipalities positively operating ADS and ones doing nothing appears as well as bipolarization with or without population frame. Regarding as additional designation of Urban Promotion Area, we identify 11 patterns. By analyzing them with UFLP, characteristic patterns are clarified. They’re ‘additional designation of industrial UPA outside Residential Inducing Area’, ‘additional designation of residential UPA in the station sphere with population frame, which could be in RIA’, etc.

The activities of the Film Commission, which is an organization that attracts video production activities, contributes widely to regional revitalization and increase in tourists. In this research, we focus on the organizational form of the Film Commission and the existence of cooperation, and conduct a questionnaire survey targeting FCs nationwide to understand the current situation and issues of FCs. The report will also clarify the relationship between organizational form and collaboration, activities and issues, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of operating different types of councils.

The purpose of this study is to clarify methods to make administration works to identify owners of vacant houses smooth. We conducted interview surveys to eight local governments in Hokkaido and illustrated flow of the works. As a result, the following four points were organized as highly versatile ingenuities.

1. Collaboration with public health sectors is effective.

2. It is effective to request the certificate to owners who have abandoned the inheritance.

3. It is effective to utilize the contract information of water services.

4. Establishing a system for neighbors to carry out the investigation to identify owners is effective.

This paper explores a trend of collaborative design methods between architects and consultants in British Traditional Procurement. Performance improvements in architecture require advanced technical input from relevant consultants in the design process. But, partnership with specialist contractors is also essential to materialize the new idea within the available cost and suitable programme. The type of specification, prescriptive, descriptive, and contractor’s design portion used in the projects are examined to review the scope of consultants’ work and the specialist contractors’ design responsibilities to learn how British architects manage the use of specifications to achieve their design intent.

This paper argues the role of family owned residential properties in the reshaping of social class. As homeowner societies mature with the ‘familisation’ of owner occupied housing, the distribution of housing assets over generations acts as a progressively significant mechanism in widening inequalities. Following Forrest and Hirayama (2018), this paper draws on my empirical survey conducted in Japan as a mature home owning economy to explore social cleavages between accumulating families which further accumulate multiple property assets over generations; ‘dissipating families’ which undergo a decline in the value of their property assets; and perpetually renting families which are increasingly excluded from property based society.

In the Edo period, the Sendai domain built five Okura-syo in Ishinomaki port which is the Kitakami estuary. This study had targeted Minato-okura-syo from among those. Concerning the site, the spatial structures and the storehouse's specifications, the commonality were seen between Minato-okura-syo and other Okura-syo in the Ishinomaki Port. On the other hand, the Minato-okura-syo had a difference from the Okura-syo which used to collect the tax of rice in Sendai domain territory. The Minato-okura-syo was characterized by the following points. First is the land use that combined with space of unloading. Second is the “Mawashi” that enclosed the site.

In this study, I analyzed the circumstances behind hosting the Okinawa International Ocean Exposition from the perspectives of postwar Okinawa's energy policy, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry's philosophy on the Expo, and the basic concept of venue planning. We clarified how the Ministry of International Trade and Industry conceived the Aquapolis. We also compared and contrasted the 1) layout plan for the central facilities, 2) technical proposal for the central facilities, 3) pavilion layout method, 4) producer system, and 5) nuclear power generation of this Expo against the Osaka Expo.

By focusing on Uzo Nishiyama's exchange activities with China prior to 1972, this study reveals two things.

1. Nishiyama, an architectural scholar influenced by Marxism, had his first opportunity to visit China in 1956, but was not realized because the government did not issue him a passport. However, in 1960, he could stay China for a month, inspecting new buildings and having a relationship with architects such as Liang Sicheng.

2. After returning to Japan, Nishiyama published his experiences in many journals, and also established the Japan-China Center for Architectural Exchange, exchanging magazines and sending reporter to Beijing Conference.

Alvar Aalto approached his architectural style to modernism in search of a new concept of spatial design. He recognized however the difference between the quality of Modern and his own creative sensibility, and took distance from Modern, although Paimio Sanatorium, one of his masterworks, is regarded as a representative work of Modern. Then he changed his design method to synthesize elements of Finnish regionality in his works, while sublimating the modern spatial modeling philosophy to his own creativity. The purpose of this study is to extract the spatial particularity of Aalto's architecture, which becomes clear by examining this process.

Xavier Hall was a timber structured building for auditorium and believers’ hall designed by Togo Murano Architect Office, built in 1949 in the property of Nobori-cho Catholic Church in Hiroshima, widely known as “Memorial Cathedral for World Peace.” The hall is important in inquiring the design process of the Cathedral, because it had a fundamental influence on site-composition of the religious complex as a whole. In this paper, based on the chronological order of sketches and drawings relevant to the hall, morphological analysis was performed through three problem-solving studies to reveal the architect’s design thinking and strategy.

This paper aims to clarify the framework of the image of places by analyzing the descriptions on sightseeing brochures of water towns in Japan, which are known for unique and abundant water resources. Firstly, the contents of attractions relating to water resources were extracted from the following aspects; Water Objects, Characteristics of Water Objects, and Related Objects. Secondly, combinations of Characteristics and Related Objects were considered. Finally, these results were further discussed in terms of the geographic properties of each town. Distinctive contents were found, which are linked to the topographical and climatic features of the water towns.

This paper aims to clarify the process of the first and second harbour construction projects of Takao in Japanese Colonial Taiwan from 1908 to 1918. The Government of Japanese Colonial Taiwan tried a complete mechanization in dredging, however, the dredging boats were always confronting malfunctions, thus, tons of labour were used to cover the malfunctions. Concrete as a new material for harbour construction in the 1910s was all produced in Takao by using the gravel and ash in Taiwan. Takao harbour was the third example of using Concrete Caisson to build breakwaters in the history of Japanese harbour constructions.

This paper analyzes the construction method and expression of exterior and interior finishes in the houses designed by Tsuchiura Kameki before WWII. Tsuchiura proposed a wooden dry construction system in the 1930s as a low-cost modern urban housing model and applied new materials such as slate board and fiberboard. In many houses, Tsuchiura painted the exterior white to make the joints unobtrusive impression and painted the interior in pale colors to soften the walls as the background of living space. Such exterior and interior presence are unique compared to other architect's dry construction houses.

Every time a new problem arises in concrete, solutions for it have been sought. Although handling processes for it have been left in historical timelines of academic associations, the efforts of companies have not been included. As a result, when a new problem arises, we cannot utilize the experience and have quick response.

This study analyzes the trends in patent and utility model applications for concrete salt damage in the industries to which Japanese companies and organizations belong, and suggests which industries to collaborate with and which technological developments to focus on.

The purpose of this study is to organize the restoration status of buildings in Mera district of Tateyama City, and to identify the factors hindering restoration.Finding are as follows:1)About 70% of the buildings have been restored, while about 20% have been demolished. 2)Most of the unrestored buildings are vacant, and it is thought that the dismantling of vacant buildings accelerated after the disaster. 3)Factors that hindered the recovery of buildings were the presence of residence, the degree of damage, the age of the building, and the road access conditions.