The first policy developed for community building on a nationwide scale was a model community project promoted by the Ministry of Home Affairs (currently the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). This project is a combination of an environmental facilities development plan and community activities. Community building fostered over many years. Now that 50 years have passed since the start of this model project, it considered meaningful to clarify this project.
The aim of this study is to clarify the number of steps of children whose physical strength has increased in 3 years from the physical fitness tests conducted in multiple facilities. Since 2015, the survey has conducted a physical fitness test and a step count survey to grasp the "activity amount".
1) The average number of steps per day is 7395, and children walking above this average tend to have higher records of physical fitness tests.
2) Children whose physical fitness test records have increased over the past three years tended to walk more often in the facility.
Data for 681 Japanese university campuses was collected: campus position (rural vs. urban, plain land vs. hilly land), university governance type, foundation year, area and elevation difference. The 238 hillside campuses among the total mostly belong to private universities, were founded after 1960s, and are located in “edge” position; 64% realized open spaces in hilly terrain avoiding massive excavations through a) respecting topographic contours, b) placing open spaces in valleys or ridges, or c) placing them on roof level of other facilities. Each one of the mentioned methods is suitable to a specific range of average grade of campus’ site.
Okuizumo Town comprised the Nita and Yokota towns that were merged in 2005, during the Heisei period. Its current population is 13,063, and this continues to decline. Furthermore, the number of elementary and junior high school students is less than 25% of that in 1970. This town has been developing the two central areas by integrating junior high schools etc., while promoting seven villages by constructing agricultural facilities and maintaining elementary schools. This study clarifies the history and current situation of public utility facilities for the Minari/Yokota of central area, and situation of maintaining dispersion for facilities in village districts.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the composition of the branch elementary school, built with wood in Nagano prefecture. The analysis was conducted in three stages: school building layout, external and internal functions. Furthermore, each school building was positioned as shown in the system diagram by arranging them in chronological order according to the type of internal function. As a result, we discovered the transition of each element with the change of the times. In addition, it is necessary to think about the future elementary school rooted in the community.
This study clarified the train user’s tendency of smartphone use while walking from the station’s ticket gate. The walkers who had a smartphone in hand at the ticket gate and had waited over 40 seconds at the stoplight tend to do the act. The presence of other walkers in personal space is the continuation factor of the act, but not the starting factor. The act occurs easily at the places which are within 200m from stay place, because smartphone users can’t stop promptly the operation which was started at the stay place and they can find guides easily.
Building alterations often occur when the buildings ought to be updated to meet new standards. In such processes, original values of existing buildings tend to be neglected in favor of hasty demolitions and economic benefits from aggressive alterations. In this research, we will investigate the mechanism of architectural alterations that respect the value of existing buildings. It will help uncover the successive values of buildings that are to be preserved rather than imminently demolished.
This study aims to clarify the visual impression found in the corner space of the storefronts in Daikanyama, Tokyo. The data collection uses a combined method of mapping, photograph and questionnaire. Firstly, the combination of spatial components and visual proportion will illustrate the characteristics of spatial composition. Secondly, the combination of visual appeal and visual depth will construct the patterns of spatial perception. Finally, the types of visual impressions will emerge from the combination of spatial composition and perception. Further, their variation in the distribution between different areas will be discussed with the architectural group forms in the Daikanyama streetscape.
The reorganization of residential areas through mass relocation has had three impacts on the living environment of the village.
1.Due to the reduction in the area of the site, the residential space has lost the room for inviting non-family members. The number of houses with gardens and fields has also decreased.
2.As the density of housing has increased, more people are concerned about the view from the outside. As a result, many houses close their curtains.
3.The trust among residents is still high today.
The purpose of this study is to understand the actual situation of the organization, the required roles and issues in the villages that may be isolated in Tottori prefecture. From survey results of Tottori Prefecture, reduction of aging and activities personnel of actors is remarkable. As an issue, since there are many elderly households in the area, many areas are worried about the initial response and evacuation support system. In the future, if conditions such as being geographically close to each other, several villages will be considered as a comprehensive range and the connections between villages will be strengthened.
This study focused fishing settlements in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures, which are areas affected by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The aim is to consider the impact of the disaster on the actual conditions of fishing settlements from a long - term perspective over the 10 years before and after the earthquake. In this study, reconstruction of housing and fishing (Ch.2), Changes in fishing by the census of fisheries analysis in 2008, 2013 and 2018 (Ch.3), and the continuation status of the fishing industry and the return status of the residents (Ch.4) were analyzed.
The purpose of this study is to compare the trends between moving in and out and moving within the city. The results are as follows. It can be classified into six categories based on the trend of dynamics. Movements had a great deal to do with social dynamics in the region. According to the trends by age group, even if the population is increasing, the future aging of the population and its impact on the local community should be taken into consideration. Even if the population is declining, it does not affect the number of households.
This study aimed to compare busker systems in Japan and Melbourne to identify the possibilities and challenges of introducing busker systems in Japanese public spaces.
Chapter 2 organized the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s “Haven Artist Project” and Kashiwa City’s "Street Musician Registration System" operation. Chapter 3 organized the operation of Melbourne’s “Busking Permits”. Chapter 4 compares and discusses the busker system in the three cases, and Chapter 5 examines the possibilities and challenges of the busker system in public spaces in Japan.
International campus planning encourages an open boundary, integrating the community and city. However, in countries like Ethiopia, university campuses are challenged with security issues, having closed boundary walls and fences. This research takes 67 campuses to identify campus-city topologies based on their locations and reasons for their site selection. Then, 11 campuses were selected from each topology to study the pre-establishment location characteristics, morphology, neighborhood land use, and identification of interaction spaces. As a result, six campus-city topologies and four types of campus interaction spaces were identified to give insight into the planning of security-oriented campuses integration.
The maximum section column of townhouses in Takayama can be classified into Type A [earthen floor type] and Type B [living space type]. The dimensions of maximum section columns tended to increase as the plane scale increased and frontage became wider. The atrium area tended to expand in the early Meiji period. We observed that the form of a maximum section column standing one straight line at rectangle atrium become the form of a maximum section column standing crossing-axis in plane of structure of ridge direction and span at irregularly shaped atrium, together complication of plane and atrium shape.
Took the Gozyomai-okura-syo owned by shogunate in Arahama that is a port built on an estuary as an object of study. The site of Gozyomai-okura-syo, the spatial structures (building arrangement, position of door) of Gozyomai-okura-syo and structures of the Okura were shown. Through an examination of the meaning, and a comparison with the Okura-syo of same location in other country or with the Yose-gura in the Shintatsu region, it has been revealed that those were formed with the work efficiency and the systematic effort of magistrate's offices which existed in the shogunate's territory in the Shintatsu region.
This article compared the Taishin kozo shiyo provided to Yamagata Prefecture based on a field survey conducted by the Shinsai yobo chosakai after the Shonai earthquake that occurred in 1894, and the Sankyo Soko building that was built after the earthquake. The following points became clear.
At Sankyo Soko, hozue and band fittings were used only in the soko built after the Shonai earthquake. The Information on hozue and band fittings was provided by the Shinsai yobo chosakai based on a field survey.
Madarajima church and Yobuko church of the Catholic Diocese of Fukuoka were built in 1929. Both were built in the form of relocation and reuse of old church buildings. This study revealed that old church structures were purposely reused because it was the means to secure rib-vaulted ceiling for new churches and at the same time to reduce the construction cost. The rib-vaulted ceiling was apparently considered as the prerequisite for the new church buildings by the parish priest Fr. Joseph Breton, MEP, as well as parishioners. Construction cost was shared by the parishioners, Fr. Breton and the Diocese.
Takamatsu Housing for the newspaper Shizuoka Shimbun was to be a corporate residence consisting of family and single apartments. The premises are a stone’s throw from the Toro ruins. The planning for the project took place between 1955 to 1956. The Tange Laboratory was in charge of the design. However, the project was never realized due to the inability to resolve technical issues.
This study will clarify the design process for Takamatsu Housing at that time, and while doing so, we will consider the influence of the public housing standard design, the relationship with the 1960 plan for Tokyo.
This paper clarifies the "Maison d’Homme" (House of Man) by Le Corbusier (1887-1965) as an exploration of a new form of life and analyzes the transformation of the structure. The realization process is classified into three stages. The relationship between the "parasol" and "honeycomb" structures for the "atelier" and "dwelling" has been consistently examined from the beginning, and the independence and integration of the two have been achieved at the same time. The process shows that the two structures, "parasol" and "honeycomb" were the site of possibility for the integration of the atelier into the space of the dwelling.
This thesis studies the changes of international evaluation of Japanese contemporary architecture in overseas architectural magazines. The study seeks to evaluate the role of the architectural magazine in presenting the unique characteristics and the complexity of Japanese architecture. This part discusses the transition of the semantic content of Japan-related terms collected from The Architectural Review, Architectural Design, Architectural Record, L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui and Domus, in the period between 1950 and 2019, and by seeking the trends in publishing in chronological order, tries to understand how Japanese contemporary architecture is evaluated in the larger narrative of global architectural context after WWII.
In his book Rikyu’s Tea, Sutemi Horiguchi considered tea ceremony from a viewpoint of overall relations among space, thing, and behavior and gave tea bowls the representative status of tea-things. When he referred to them, he used an expression of “tea bowl in tea ceremony.” It suggests he saw tea bowls in tea ceremony as something incomplete in itself. In other words, contrary to our expectation, he shed light on lack of artful beauty or aesthetic character of tea bowls. This paper intends to precisely trace Horiguchi’s these considerations on tea bowls and clarify their meanings in his architectural thought.
This study aims to clarify the characteristics of eaves on appropriation in the approach of contemporary Japanese public buildings. Eaves of a pitched roof are characterized by different inclinations of nokiura and the roof surface, projecting several domains on the adjacent space. The relation between this projection and the approach is studied. First, through different eave configurations, three types of projected spatial articulation are defined. Second, the relation between this projection and the approach is analyzed and patterns are established. By comparing these patterns, the characteristics of eaves on appropriation in the approach of contemporary Japanese public buildings are clarified.
This research is to investigate the viewpoints, characteristics and changes of designation for historical remains in Taiwan under the different ideological regimes of the Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1945) and the Republic of China Period (1945-2020, now).
This paper constructed a general-purpose deep learning model, which can evaluate the impression of arbitrary streets in residential areas from various aspects. First, we conducted a Web-based street impression evaluation questionnaire (22 items) with 14,900 participants using 1,000 streetscape images from Google Street View. Next, we trained a deep learning-based ranking learning model using the images and questionnaire results. The F-value of the trained model was about 77% on average. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlations among evaluation items and discussed the spatial distribution of impressions in Tokyo 23 wards based on the scores estimated by the trained model.