In recent years, due to changes in social conditions such as "development of ICT environment" and "work style reform", the number of workers who are not bound by the framework of places and organizations is increasing, and coworking spaces are increasing as places where those people work. The coworking space is not just about sharing the place to work but it is characterized by sharing wisdom and information and creating value by exchanging information, but since there are few previous studies. Therefore, the research is conducted with the aim of using it as a basic material for future facility planners and operators to plan and operate coworking spaces.

First, by conducting a questionnaire survey of domestic coworking spaces, we grasp basic data on facilities, operations, plans, and users, analyze the correlation of each answer, and analyze the relationship between operation policy, exchange policy, location, and the business they are doing together. In addition, we clarify that five clusters are generated by cluster analysis with scale and land price as variables, and each cluster is characterized by the response tendency such as building ownership, operating entity, initial investment cost, user base, operating purpose, and exchange policy.

Next, three facilities were selected from the cluster named "Large-scale high land price type", and behavior observation surveys and interview surveys were conducted with users. From behavioral observations and interview surveys with users, users select the place by comparing it with other places, and build it as a place suitable for themselves by continuing to use that place while paying attention to the relationship with others. It was used to move seats when the user changed the work content or changed his mood. It turned out that many people use it as a substitute for their home or office, and it is recognized as a base for telework. In addition, it is considered that the exchange between users is brought about by the mutual relationship between the users' willingness to interact, the intervention of the operator, the appropriate replacement of people, and the place that triggers them.

In addition, we conducted an interview survey with the operators of similar facilities. The interview survey with the operator was analyzed with reference to the M-GTA method. The process that the operator selected as the right person in the affiliated organization updates the layout and system of the facility while gaining awareness and conflict while operating based on his ideals and the needs of the users was clarified and shown with specific update cases.

From the above, we have shown the process of creating a new space, a coworking space, in which users and operators interact with each other at this research facility. In the future, we think that it will be possible to discuss the differences between the image of users and the image of operators by increasing the number of survey cases, such as targeting different clusters.

　The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of the Heisei-no-major merger of the municipal governments and the Great East Japan Earthquake on the government office reorganization plan and to obtain knowledge that will contribute to the future government office reorganization plan. In order to understand the reorganization plans of 182 government buildings in the target site, the author surveyed the public information on the websites of 44 municipalities and conducted interviews by telephone and emails.

　In the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake, in areas where government buildings were rendered inoperable by the quake and tsunami, there was a significant delay in the recovery and reconstruction of the city. This led to a renewed awareness of the importance of seismic reinforcement. In order to be prepared for unforeseen circumstances, consideration was given to relocating the main government office functions to a branch office or general branch office.

　The government buildings that were reorganized after the earthquake were combined in many ways. This was not only for economic reasons, but also for the purpose of deepening cooperation between the public and private sectors and creating a place for residents to interact. Tono City Hall was temporarily relocated to a shopping center and surrounding public facilities due to the disaster, but the convenience of the new building was so highly regarded. So it was decided that the new government building would be located adjacent to the shopping center.

　In order to prepare for the increasing number of disasters in recent years, the importance of properly locating government buildings with disaster prevention functions in each local area has been recognized again. Placing government buildings as disaster prevention centers in each area and consolidating public functions necessary for local life will contribute to urban development that combines disaster prevention with convenience in daily life.

　This paper is a further research of our Part 1 study on the social integration between the local group and the re-settler group after the village-to-village relocation projects for poverty alleviation. The Part 1 study classified the resettlements in terms of residential segregation into four types: centralized type, adjacent type, enclave type, and infill type. It also evaluated and compared the social isolation value (SO) and spatial isolation value (SP) by typology and group. In Part 2 study, following the typology and evaluation results, this paper explored social and spatial factors that influence social integration (reversely indicated by SO), and the subsequent measures were proposed.

　For the social factor study, we built two multivariate linear regression models, to respectively find out the relation of social integration degree with socioeconomic attributes of the re-settler group and local group. We have found that family size, monthly income, opinion towards the project, and information access are critical social factors for both groups. Besides, the re-settlers are also related to age and asset change. Re-settler of middle age and have household assets drastically increased after the project, and residents from middle sized family, with middle income have performance in social integration. In contrast, re-settlers over 70, residents who live alone and with low level income have reported the lowest social integration. The importance of the personal opinions towards the project and high degree of information access are highlighted.

　For the spatial factor study, we build nine regression models. Among them, the overall one is for general residents regardless of typology and group; the other eight specific ones are respectively for eight conditions in terms of the four resettlement types and two groups. The overall regression showed that SP was the most influential factor, then follows the public facilities features and home location. From the eight specific regressions, our findings and advice are: ① Centralized type, besides SP, public space attraction is crucial for locals, while the distance to the public square is more important for re-settlers. Therefore, the public square should be allocated accessibly, and planners should improve the hardware deployment and service quality. ② Adjacent type, public square attraction is decisive for re-settlers while building density is more important for locals. Planners should reorganize the layout of existing buildings for better utilization of the outdoor and indoor spaces. ③ Enclave type, SP is vital for both groups. For re-settlers, public space attraction matters; while for the local group, SP is the only spatial factor related. We assume that social and policy factors may be more influential than spatial factors alone. ④ Infill type, the distance to the main road and to another group were critical for both groups. Planners should consider appropriate route planning and upgrading of the road network and location for new area to reduce the distance to the main road; as well as location, scale, shape of the new area to reduce the average distance between the two groups members.

　Tokai village is a home to the first commercial nuclear power plant in Japan. In Tokai village, Nuclear Power Plants are directly adjacent to residential districts. This study investigates the context of this situation by looking back around 1960 when the plants were built and clarifying the urban planning, development project ideas, and decision-making processes that were involved in the planning. The main findings of this analysis are listed below:

　1) When the location of Japan’s first commercial nuclear power plant in Tokai village was being examined in the summer of 1959, the chairman of the Nuclear Power Commission, Nakasone Yasuhiro, attempted but ultimately failed to negotiate an act on nuclear power urban planning with the National Diet of Japan. To compensate for this lack of law, the Ibaraki Prefecture devised a basic plan for the construction of the plant in Tokai. However, Ibaraki Prefecture, which had designated Tokai as the site of the atomic center, completely watered down the intended regulations.

　2) The Tokai Atomic Urban Development Prospectus was drafted in 1957, which was the document that the development project for the construction of the nuclear power center in Tokai Village. The Tokai Atomic Urban Development oversaw the development process, acquiring and managing sites for the companies advancing into Tokai Village, and managing the construction and administration of shared company facilities.

　3) As for the location of the companies advancing into Tokai Village, sites close to railway station and national highway were secured to facilitate convenient transport. In addition, sites close to the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) were designated for employee residence housing. When the construction of the Tokai Power Station was approved in December 1959, the companies advancing into Tokai Village gained property rights over the sites it had acquired and managed, and the development of the village for the operation of the Tokai Power Station officially commenced.

　4) Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) Inc. drafted the development plan, founded Tokai Atomic Urban Development, acquired and managed company sites, and constructed shared facilities. The Ibaraki Prefecture involved JAIF in making decisions on city plan of Tokai Village. Consequently, city plan was created in which the plan of JAIF was respected to the utmost, and residential area development proceeded around the site of Tokai Power Station.

　The involvement of the JAIF in urban planning in Tokai village, together with the above-mentioned spirit of collaboration, led to the creation of a problematic plan, wherein locations around the plant were not zoned as industrial areas, the Tokai Power Station site was not zoned at all, and residential areas were surrounded by industrial areas on three sides.

　The decision not to regulate the development of the areas surrounding the nuclear plant site has led to the current difficult situation whereby no regulations have been enacted to govern the advancing development.

　This thesis studies the changes of international evaluation of Japanese contemporary architecture in overseas architectural magazines. The study seeks to evaluate the role of architectural magazines in presenting the unique characteristics, the diversity and the complexity of Japanese contemporary architecture. It discusses the primary data collected from The Architectural Review, Architectural Design, Architectural Record, L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui and Domus, in the period between 1950 and 2019, and by seeking the trends in publishing in chronological order, tries to understand how Japanese contemporary architecture is evaluated and contextualized in the larger narrative of global architectural context after WWII.

　The thesis follows a linear structure of the problem statement, the methods, the chronological study and the results. The problem statement is the introductory chapter, presenting the backgrounds of the research and elaborating upon the research motivations, aims, objectives and some literature reviews. The methods portion includes Chapters 2, which classifies JAPAN-RELATED ARTICLES into certain types to show which aspects and how deep an article has gone in discussing Japanese contemporary architecture. The chronological study covers the research conducted comprehensive analysis of the representation of Japanese contemporary architecture in the context of globalization. It comprises Chapters 3 and 4, which analyze articles collected from 5 major Western architectural magazines. Ultimately the last chapter of the thesis, Chapter 5, presents the conclusions of the study.

　After collecting and examining the data, the general conclusion is that several chronological gaps appear in the 1980s and 2000s in all of the magazines. Most obviously, although the number of articles per journal fluctuated, JAPAN-RELATED ARTICLES showed the fastest growth in the 1980s and the 2000s, and reached its peak in the 2000s, which therefore could be considered the most vibrant periods of the Japanese contemporary architectural scene in Western magazines (Chapter 3-1).

　In the 1980s articles written by Japanese “Post-modern” generations like Tadao ANDO or Arata ISOZAKI themselves were mostly published (Chapter 3-3). Moreover, in this period, JAPAN-RELATED ISSUES, special issues dedicated to japan, appear mostly as well. These articles or special issues presented not only the great attention of the Japanese “Post-modern” architects and their thoughts, but also through them the redefinition of contemporary architectural visions of Japan (Chapter 4-3).

　Another point is that during the first 30 years after the war, individual houses were rarely featured in Western magazines. The NON-RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE（including public & commercial architecture) are the most represented building typology. While from the 1980s the number of INDIVIDUAL HOUSING has more than quadrupled and peaked in the 2000s with 123 works published, which marks almost 1/4 of the total number of buildings presented. From that year on the Western magazines perceived INDIVIDUAL HOUSING design as an integral part of the Japanese contemporary architecture, their choice of featured architects has been diversified as well (Chapter 4-1).

　To sum up the foregoing, the study seeks to evaluate the influential role of Western magazines in creating global architectural opinion on the contemporary architectural scene of Japan. As a result, the international evaluation presented in Western magazines towards post-war Japanese architecture has been transformed dynamically throughout recent the 70 years. Chronologically tracing the media coverage of Japan, in the end of 1980s the Western magazines altered their perception and contextualization, and from the 2000s the representation of Japanese contemporary architecture has been further diversified.

In a Muslim-majority country, the mosque is a significant urban facility found throughout the city. As Japan is not Muslim-majority country, the number of mosques is quite small. The typical mosque is deconstructed into behavioral norms and their associated architectural norms that must be maintained by the facility to be used as a mosque in Tokyo. Each of the behavioral norms, Adhan, Wudu, Iqamah, Salat and Khutbah, are associated with an architectural norm. The Adhan is given at the Minaret. The Wudu is performed in the Wudhu area. Salat is performed in the Salat area that contains the Minbar and Mihrab, where the Khutbah and Iqamah are also performed. This study takes the 11 mosques in Tokyo as case studies. Through interviews with the users and field surveys, the management of the mosque, sequence and adaptations of each of the mosques was examined. The case studies show how architectural norms are modified to accommodate specific behaviors of religious practices.In Tokyo, different adaptations of the architectural norms are found. In Minaret, there are: Typical Minaret, Object and Painted. In Wudu area, there are: Built-In and ready-made Products. In the Salat area, there are: One Room, Mezzanine and Divided. In Mihrab, there are: Mihrab, Corner and Wall. In Minbar: Typical Minbar, Gazebo, Podium and Chair. A typical mosque cannot be perfectly replicated in Tokyo, with many conflicts arising between the typical architectural norms and the city condition. The practice of Adhan is removed, devolving the minaret into non-functional adaptations. But practices such as Wudu and Salat are crucial to a mosque and their associated areas were adapted but never removed. The separation of women and men in the Salat and Wudu areas is an important factor in each of the mosques. The Wudu and Salat areas are used to compare the different mosques and to organize them into seven pat-terns of adaptations, from A - G. A: the Salat is One room and the Wudu is Built-In; B: the Salat area is One room and the Wudu area has Ready-made Products; C: the Salat area is divided by a Mezzanine and Wudu area is Built-in; D: the Salat area is divided by a Mezzanine and the Wudu area is combination of Built-in and Ready-made Products; E: the Salat area is divided by floor and Wudu area is Built-in; F: the Salat area is divided by floor and Wudu area is combination of Built-in and Ready-made Products; G: the Salat area is divided by floor and Wudu area has Ready-made Products. After clarifying the management of the mosques and the adaptations of the architectural norms, it was seen that while all mosques provide a space for communal Salat, some cases are established with the cultural influences of a certain country, either as an independent facility or an annex to an institution, while others do not. The mosques in Tokyo display the diverse prac-tices that the mosques undertake to facilitate the Muslim identity.

　With the global pandemic of COVID-19, physical distancing has become a recommended practice in public spaces. Since the planning standards for indoor space use are based on pre-pandemic situations, there are no quantitative studies considering the pedestrian proximity probability in public spaces. With this background, agent-based modeling (ABM) that takes into account the dynamic characteristics of pedestrian behavior is promising. This study aims to develop an ABM tool for estimating pedestrian proximity probability in a station atrium and explore an agent-based modeling and simulation framework for emergency space planners and designers.

　First, we reviewed relevant studies on the general characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, global physical distancing policies and recommendations, and the application of ABM in the field of density control in indoor public spaces and established pedestrian proximity zones from proximity levels A to D from these studies.

　Next, we conducted a comparative analysis of pedestrian avoidance behavior in low-density conditions filmed during non-commuting hours on weekdays in the atrium of Nagoya Station in June 2020 during the pandemic, with video footage taken in the same location in 2015 during the ordinary period. As a result, even the pedestrian walking speed at both time periods do not show the difference, it was found that the average starting distance of pedestrians' avoidance behavior is longer during a pandemic (with a significant difference in ANOVA), which may reflect people's awareness of 'distancing'. Therefore, we divided avoidance behavior into two categories, PSA (personal spacing avoidance) and LRA (long-range avoidance), using 3.66 m as the threshold for the avoidance distance, and then we analyzed these behaviors in details.

　Then, ASCPP was developed to handle pedestrian behavior in ordinary and pandemic situations and has 16 behavioral rules based on ASPF. The model was validated by reproducing the times of PSA and LRA occurrences at both time periods. Next, we simulated the counter flows in the station atrium with five scenarios that dealt with the 'distancing' awareness, facial masks, and the obstruction of flow by the presence of people standing still, and estimated the effect of each scenario on the probability of proximity under the condition of 1% contagious people in the population. In particular, a t-test was conducted for the 'distancing' awareness, and a significant difference was confirmed.

　The conclusion summarizes the findings from the series of works. Through this study, we have gained the prospect to develop a feasible methodological framework for pedestrian agent modeling and simulation that is consistent with the data survey to contribute to spatial considerations during the pandemic. The future challenge concerns larger-scale data collection.