This research proposed the measuring method for the desirability of a 'refreshment room' to rest in a office. A desirable refreshment room can assist an occupier to change his mind to raise intellctual productivity. The subjects evaluated how they were refreshed themselves in mind after rest in various indoor environments to examine the validity as the measurement item. Color arrangement with beads was a set work. The desirability of a refreshment room should be made clear by a person. All subject refreshed themselves very much in a sunny room. As a reslut, a sunny room was one of desirable refreshment room. The measuring method may propose other desirable refreshment rooms.

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Some facility may disappear, or, very lacking facility may increase like the day care center. However, we could not predict that facilities appeared or disappeared. We construct a model of the joint use facilities using utility function and cost function of the joint user number. By the fluctuation of utility function and cost function, it is shown that the appearance and disappearance of facilities can be estimated. It is also proven that facilities suddenly appeared or extinguished, when utility function and cost function slightly changed even in. The above results suggest that home and facilities should be understood as the realization form of one service.

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This paper aims to inspect if the spatial units arrangement of the dwelling aimed to correspond to individualization would adapt to the lifestyle of the family oriented individualization by examining the way of living of the family through the term of the experiment conducted in the experimental housing NEXT21. As the result, we could verify the spatial units arrangement of the dwelling adapted to the lifestyle of the family oriented individualization. At the same time, some needs based on a whole family unit were also realized as necessary by the family. We have to consider the adaptability not only to the individualization but also to the diversity of the lifestyles.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the factor of changing two patterns in use each other and get the guide for sharing material collection for each library on the network of mutual use among them. The results are as follows: 1) Those who usually use only the library of the adjoining communities have the possibilities of using that in their own communities by the change of their style of use, in accordance with their family's or their own need for reading. And those who usually use the libraries of both their own and the adjoining communities have the possibilities of using only the libraries in adjoining communities for their decrease in need for reading. 2) It is not suitable for users'purposes that each library shares limited fields of books, magazines, AVmaterials and so on. It is to be desired that each library shares a variety of books, magazines, AVmaterials and so on. Therefore, at the moment general public libraries with all kinds of collection are preferable to special ones with some kind of collection.

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Since our societies have diverse people and built environments, studies must be needed to develop systems assuring people's safety in potential emergent situations. We have developed a multimedia guidance system available in evacuation. In the present paper, we examined the effect of map presentation types on evacuation behavior. The results showed that sequential evacuation paths indicated on the map almost cancelled the negative effects of map rotation and alignment on the course of evacuation behavior, and that these map conditions made it difficult for evacuees to construct a spatial image like a survey map.

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In order to find structure of "Cognitive Map" and "Cognitive Space", relationship between the two and path choice, after a walking experiment in a museum exhibition space, subjects were asked to draw the sketch of plan and ceiling plan of the exhibition space. Based on the sketches, it is found that: (1) while people spend short time in the exhibition or just walk around exhibition one time, their structure of "Cognitive Map" are always based on the trace of body moving. On the other hand, while people stay long time or walk around exhibition more than one time, their structure of "Cognitive Map" are based on construction of building; (2) Including the cognition of ceiling, the style of structure of "Cognitive Space" can be classified into "outside wall", "space along outside", "outside volume", "convex space with same height", etc. (3) Some people have the same unit of structure of "Cognitive Space" and path choice, which are "convex space", "continuous wall", so it can be said that unit of "Cognitive Space" is related to path choice.

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This paper is discribed about the results of an experimental study on the human location of seat related to the type of opening in terms of vertical illuminance at their eyes. As the results of this study, the location of seats are identified as followed aspects. 1. Subjects tend to locate their seats on high illuminated position, and position where 90% of them are able to see the openings. 2. In the tendency of location of seats, there is similarity between full opening "ZENKAI" and lower opening "YUKIMI" though the contrast of illuminance. On the other hands, there is difference between opening above the waist level "KOSHIKABE" and horizontally half opening "SODEKABE" though the similarity of illuminance. 3. In most cases of the opening "SODEKABE", there are 3 typical positions of seats that for seeing the outside directly, that for seeing opening at their side, and that for seeing opening from wall side.

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Experimental travel by wheelchair users were made to compare accessibility of normal ramps and two pieces of step-by-step ramps, and travelability on a long 1:20 gradient standard ramp. The results are as follows; 1) The travel estimation is affected by the difference of state of arms of wheelchair users. 2) Step-by-step ramps are more accessible and safer than normal ramps for wheelchair users. 3) Intermediate landings help decelerate downward travel speed. 4) It is difficult to travel up a long 1:20 gradient ramps, and dangerous to travel them down due to acceleration.

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The purpose of this study is that to clarify and evaluate the spacial composition of public space leads to a guideline to design urban space better. Experiments of P.M method are made on behaviors of taking a rest and waiting in special zoing urban block areas. The result can visualize what the liking of space is and recognize the character of each area. The number of places marked for the behavoir of taking a rest are recognized to be diffrent from one of waiting. That indicates that each behavior has each factor for the liking of space. Factors which influence one's behavior are grasped with the character of spacial composition of public space. The greenery influence each behavior. Points increase where many kinds of trees are located, and decrease in the place with less trees. The greenery have an effect on taking a rest, but they do not on waiting. That indicates the relation between one's behavior and factors of spacial composition are grasped in quantity.

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This study is an investigative research to grasp the continuous structure of color order of the town scenes. The field survey was done on 15 traditional town districts of Europe mostly in Germany. Investigation data was analyzed by the degree of harmony of a keynote color using the standard color chart of MUNSELL with the continuous photograph of the town scenes and has organized the feature of a color scheme in pattern. As a result, a feature of color scheme was clarified by analyzing the relation of a keynote color on a continuous scene; the tendencies are concentrated on the YR hue system with high value and low chroma. Furthermore, the feature of harmony of color scheme and elements of continuous color structure became clear through the result of analysis.

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1.研究の背景と目的ムザップ峡谷は、アルジェリアの首都アルジェから南に600km、サハラ砂漠北端に位置する人口12万人のオアシス都市である。丘を覆うコンパクトな都市形態と頂上にある一本の尖塔が特徴的な旧市街地クスール(Ksour)で知られるこの都市は、1982年以来UNESCOの世界遺産に指定されている。ムザップ峡谷では、この半世紀間に人口流入による急速な都市化が進み、オアシスを構成する貴重な農業環境であるダッツ樹林が減少するというスプロール問題などが生じている。これらの問題を理解するうえで、この都市が辿ってきた都市化過程の特徴を整理しておくことが不可欠である。その際、都市化過程を、物的・空間的な側面のみならず、その背後にある社会的・経済的な側面から捉えることが重要である。本研究では、二つの作業を通じて、ムザップ峡谷における都市化過程の特徴を明らかにする。第一の作業では、現地調査の際に収集した主としてフランス語による研究文献ならびに事実調査書から、ムザップ峡谷における地理的・歴史的概要を整理するとともに、市街化問題をめぐる因果図式の構成を試みる。第二の作業では、航空写真をデジタイズしたのち、GISを用いて、1960年代以降における土地利用変化を分析するとともに、市街化過程における空間的特徴を整理する。2.文献調査にみるムザップ峡谷の都市化過程の特徴2節では、1950年代の地誌2冊、ならびに公的機関による事実報告書7編(統計資料2編を含む)の検討を行い、ムザップ峡谷における都市化過程の特徴を探った。この作業より得た要約を以下に示す。2.1ムザツプ峡谷の地理的概観ムザップ峡谷は、岩質台地にオード・ムザップと呼ばれる枯れ河(ワジ)が刻み込まれた地域である。この地域は典型的な砂漠気候であるが、数年に一度ワジが洪水を起こすことでも知られる。11世紀以来、このワジ沿いの岩質の丘に、ムザップ族は5つのクスールを築いた。さらに、各クスールに対して各一ヶ所、ふもとの帯水層上の砂地に拓かれたのがダッツ農地である。ダッツとは多年生の高木で、その実が食用となるばかりでなく、樹下の微気候が生鮮野菜など住民生活に資する耕作環境を形成する。この微気候がオアシスと呼ばれる。また、水資源供給の伝統的システムとして、ムザップ族はワジに堰を設け、洪水時には地上から地下20mに位置する帯水層に水を蓄えた。2.2ムザップ峡谷の都市化過程の歴史的特徴ムザップ峡谷の歴史は、3つの期間に区分することができる。伝統社会期(1014-1850):ムザップ族がクスールを建立した理由は防衛であり、ムザップ峡谷における開発・維持管理は、長老組織が定める法オルフに従った。宗教・社会・経済問題のみならず、土地利用や水資源管理といった環境問題を扱う上でオルフは社会規範として機能していた。また、この時期、ムザップ族にはダッツ農地内に夏季住居を設けて避暑を行なう生活習慣があった。これらの水資源制約・社会規範・生活習慣は、伝統社会期におけるこの都市のサステイナビリティを支えていたと考えられる。この時期を特徴づけるのは自給自足性であると言える。植民地期(1850-1962):フランス植民地局はこの地に交通網整備と工業開発をもたらした。これを支える水資源は、近代技術により拡大した。植民地局による遊牧民の定住化政策をきっかけとして、ムザップ峡谷の人口増加が始まる。これはサハラ砂漠の油田発見をきっかけとする化学工業の労働需要増加によって加速化された。さらにこの時期、植民地局は遊牧民によるダッツ農地の開墾策を推し進めた。これらは、社会規範としてのオルフの希薄化をもたらした。この時期を特徴づけるのは近代化であると言える。国家独立期(1962-):おもに周辺地域からの流入により、人口は半世紀弱の間に5倍に増加した。アルジェリア政府もまたガルダイヤの地方拠点化を継続した結果、増加人口はとくにガルダイヤ自治体に集中した。これに伴って現在、スプロール問題をはじめ、種々の問題が顕在化している。この時期を特徴づけるのは、市街化であると言える。2.3ムザップ峡谷のスプロール問題をめぐる因果構造の整理2節のまとめとして、スプロール問題の要因構造を因果図式として構成した。得られた因果図式は、この間題の主因が、近代化を通じての人口流入による市街化圧力といった人口経済的な要因であるが、同時に、近代化に伴う社会変動や文化変容、オアシス都市の地理条件や植民地化の歴史等の固有要因、さらに独立期以降は後述する政策的要因が主因に影響していることを示している。3.国家独立期以降における都市化過程の分析国家独立期以降については、ムザップ峡谷の航空写真が現存する。3節では、これら一次資料をデジタイズして1968年、1982年、1991年、1997年の土地利用データを作成してGIS上で表示するとともに、その面積測定を通じて都市化過程の分析を行なった。主として構成用途とその成立年代により特徴づけられる4種類の土地利用カテゴリイは、旧市街地(OT)、新市街地(BU)、進行市街地(MX)、オアシス農地(OF)である。OTは伝統的低層住居;建ぺい率70%〜85%;緑被率5%以下、BUは近代的建造物;建ぺい率40%〜70%;緑被率20%〜5%、MXはダッツ農地と近代的建造物の混在;建ぺい率20%〜40%;緑被率20%〜80%、OFは夏季住居を含む農地;建ぺい率20%以下;緑被率80%以上である。また、記述資料にもとづき、土地保留地政策通用地域の一部をGIS上に表示して分析を試みた。4.結論まず、文献調査からの都市化過程の知見を要約する。(1)近代化の進展による人口流入は、国を問わず都市化に共通する現象であるが、オアシス都市や峡谷の存在といった地理上の特徴やそこで形成された伝統社会、さらには植民地化といった歴史の固有性が、ムザップ峡谷の都市化過程における特徴を規定している。(2)これらに加えて現代では、政策的要因を無視することができない。つぎに、データ分析からの都市化過程の知見を要約する。(1)この期間、市域は810haから879haに8.5%拡大した。(2)とくに68〜82年にスプロールが急速に進行し、オアシス農地は4割減少した。(3) 82年以降、UNESCOならびに自治体の対策が功を奏してオアシス農地の減少は食い止められている。(4)進行市街地は増減しているが、新市街地はつねに増加しており、スプロールによる緑被量減少の傾向が一貫して見られる。(5) 68〜82年の減少について、政府による土地保留地政策の影響を否定できない。居住環境・生産環境の厳しいオアシス都市であるムザップ峡谷が直面する諸問題は、地球環境問題と同型の構造を有しており、ゆえに、サステイナビリティの観点の導入を必要としていると考えられる。なお、ムザップ峡谷の市街化過程には、その他、高度差・水源ほかの地形要因が大きく関与するものと考えられるため、そのための継続的な分析作業を今後の課題としたい。

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze "Hi-oho-i" (awning for street) as the origin of Arcades in Japan in detail. First, according to the nation-wide research of the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 1935, "Hi-oho-i" was distributed all over the country. Next, it was confirmed to use the word "Hi-oho-i" at Edo era, to exist old photograph and dairy on the "Hi-oho-i" at Meiji era (1890s), and to be declining the "Hi-oho-i" about 1950s. Finally, the relation between the construction of the "Hi-oho-i" and the formation of the community and urban space in shopping streets was examined.

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This study is concerned with the distance distribution associated with a circular disk on which the origin and destination points are distributed radially symmetrically and mutually independently. Crofton's differential equation is generalaized for the case of circular disk and is applied to the derivation of the distance distribution. In this paper, circular-radial distance distributions are calculated explicitly for two types of point-distribution: (1) linear distribution and (2) exponential distribution. These are the first cases to achieve the explict derivation of distance distribution for non-uniform point-distributions. Our results are so easy to handle that they will be applied to many fundamental macro-scopic models on the efficiency of urban population and facility-location-design.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify situation of development at the suburb in the local city. In this research, we investigated the urbanization of 4 cities, Ube-City, Yamaguchi-City, Ogori-City which have not employed the area division system, Hofu-City which has employed it since 1968 in Yamaguchi Pref. Then we considered the tend of development at the loose reguration area and at the urbanization control area using 250m mesh data, a number of the development permission. Useing those data, we built the calculation model that can forecast tend of development at the suburb and show the issue about the development on operating the City Planning Act in the local city.

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The purpose of this paper is to acquire the examination material of activation in the central area of Tokyo, with requiring the house supply promotion policy of Municipalities to reverse from a long series of population decrease, by analyzing this population recovery in the realities. We want to analyze the construction realities of the new supplies of apartment houses constructed in recent years and the resident characteristic in relating to the local society in this research.

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It is important that residents in detached house area preserve living environment by co-operation, for example introduction of rules concerning preservation of living environment of the district where they live in. However, in an aged new town, many residents are advanced in age and some are lost their partner, so it become difficult for residents to live on and maintain their own houses, and living environment might be getting worse. Therefore, it is necessary to supply various houses for moving in Senri new town for residents in advanced age, and to give consultation and information concerning houses for moving and how to move.

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This study focuses on the indoor free resting spaces located distributively in the commercial facilities of a city center, and analyzes their layout and usage from the view of comfort for pedestrian-oriented development through the survey in Tenjin District of Fukuoka City, where the pedestrian network is formed by connecting the facilities in the underground level and air deck level as well as on the ground level. As results of the observation and quantitative analysis on 177 indoor resting space samples in the existing facilities, we clarified the typology of resting spaces and the factors for usefulness, and pointed out the versatile pedestrian environment and characters of Tenjin District based on highly developed underground pedestrian network.

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This paper deals with the systems and the applications of preservation of areas around 500m of historic monuments in France. Since 1943, all construction projects connected with historic monuments are controlled by the Architects of French Buildings (ABF) who attached to each prefecture by the ministry of culture. Though ABFs can decide to authorize a plan, in application of the systems they consult with the applicant of the project and order modifications. If applicants are not contented with a decision by ABF, they can appeal to a regional governor.

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The authors examined how community development schemes when more suitable information was presented and deepened understanding. The concept used was "design of experiments". Results demonstrated that factors determining subjective evaluation were social norms and individual benefit. When clarity of the schemes was low, simple schemes were considered as important. Consequently, the main factor of individual benefits increased. On the other hand, when clarity of the schemes was high, the person considered more difficult schemes as important. Consequently, the factor of social norms increased. Therefore, proper community planning should communicate information about both individual benefits and social norms to residents so that clear and precise decisions on the schemes can be made and supported by the residents themselves.

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To make the effective vacant dwelling circulation active in the housing market, it is important to clearly determine the amount of dwellings concealed from the market. In this paper, the amount of vacant dwellings after the household movement process was calculated by using the housing chain model, in which used housing was linked with new housing, concerning the detached owned house market in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The results showed that the amount of vacant dwellings concealed from the market was 80% of the amount of new housing supply, and three-fourths of those vacant dwellings were demolished.

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Higashiosaka is well known as high density city. The ratio of three-storied houses among existent detached houses is 25%. Almost 80% of newly detached houses were three storied or more before year 2000. But after the year 2000, two-storied houses began to increase rapidly. This study is to find out the factors which influenced the increase of low-rise detached houses through statistical data of new construction starts in Higashiosaka. The hypothetical factors extracted through analysis are as follows. 1. New wave of demand based on second baby-boomer generation started to increase. 2. Lotsize was gradually getting wide due to long time fall of land price after 1990. 3. Competition among home-builders lead to reduce construction costs. 4. Inspection system to specific construction process pushed home-builders to build low-rise houses.

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This study aims to clarify details of uniform townscape in Kyoto city under the Tokugawa regime. This paper deals with relation between the plastering front exterior wall of town house and the administration by Kyoto machibugyosho (magistrate of Kyoto). Official notices notified by Tokugawa shogunate permitted in use of roofing clay tile and mud coat wall for fire protecting in 1720. Nevertheless, mud coat wall for fire protecting was not spread wide use in Kyoto. Because of that, Kyoto machibugyosho was not enforced in use of roofing clay tile and mud coat wall for fire protecting on citizens.

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This paper involves research regarding the processes of introducing steel structure technologies in plant construction within naval dockyards during the Meiji Era. Steel structure technologies introduced at naval dockyards consisted of, first, the cast iron era of the 1890s, and the steel era of the first decade of the 1900s. In regards to the steel era, in tandem with the development of policies for the national production of warships by the Japanese Navy, the introduction at each naval dockyard of the technologies of steelmaking companies of the United States and the United Kingdom clarified the processes whereby steel structure buildings, etc., were constructed.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the planning and design of Kamikochi Hotel as mountain lodge under the Policy of Tourist Industry during 1930s. The process of planning and design of this hotel had been hold round table talk organized by Kishichiro Okura who was chairman, Imperial Hotel. There were mountain-climbing specialists and him Okura reflected their comments with his intentions on the planning and design of the hotel. Through this process, Kamikochi Hotel was constructed as a mountain lodge in the Policy of Tourist Industry.

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The team of Waseda University has been conducting excavations on the hilltop at Abusir-South in Egypt since 1991. The work has revealed a stone structure belonging to Prince Khaemwaset, the fourth son of Rameses II. It consisted of a main part (two central rooms and an outer wall) and a portico, which was added subsequently. This paper focuses on the analysis on the main part from an architectural perspective. As a result, the plan of the main part was reconstructed as a rectangular plan, composed by two central rooms enclosed by an outer wall, which is desired as a centripetal configuration centering on the granite stele of the cult room. The plan of the outer wall formed a sequence of alternating projections and recesses. The style of the main part is referred to that of the Old Kingdom or Middle Kingdom, and to be characterized as an extraordinary example of the New Kingdom buildings.

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The intention of this paper is to make a thematic explication of Aldo van Eyck's architectural thought through his treatises on the Dogon villages. The analysis consists of three chapters as follows: Chapter 2 illustrates his principal concerns with Dogon villages whose features are described as being "anthropomorphic" and "twin-ness". Chapter 3 illustrates his unique understanding about them with his concepts such as "identification", "twinphenomena", and "interiorization". In Chapter 4, through analyzing his diagram "the Otterlo Circles", it is explicated that he intends to meet "ourselves" through pursuing "archaic" essence of human beings which remains the same in all places and ages.

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本研究の目的は、ブルーノ・タウトのガラスについての思索を考察することにより、彼の「ガラス建築」の概念を明らかにすることである。第二章 第二章ではタウトと文学者パウル・シェーアバルトとの関係について考察する。シェーアバルトは,彼のガラスの概念にもっとも影響を与えた人物として知られる。タウト自身は自分の著作の中で幾度もシェーアバルトを参照し、1914年にケルンで催された工作連盟展のために建設された「グラスハウス」をシェーアバルトに捧げている。一方のシェーアバルトもタウトとの往復書簡を通じて著された『ガラス建築』をタウトに捧げている。本論ではタウトのガラス建築に及ぼしたシェーアバルトの影響についてみてゆくが、この章ではとくに彼等の問の事実関係について論じてゆく。第三章 タウトは何故ガラスというものに惹かれたのか。この間題に答えるため、ガラスという素材の単に技術的な理由を超えて、「ガラス建築」という彼自身の概念の可能性について考察がされなければならない。タウトのガラスについての言及を通じて、彼がガラスに惹かれた二つの要因があげられる。その一つがガラスの材料特性としての独特の光の効果であり、もう一つは当時のドイツにおいて捉えられていたクリスタルの象徴的意味としてである。そこで第三章は「Light Effects of Glass」(III.1)と「The Symbolic Meaning of Glass」(III.2)の二節に分けられる。特に後者において、当時のタウトの幻想的なデザインの意味について考察するためには、当時のドイツにおける新しい文明への期待としてのクリスタルの時代的な考え方、及び彼の幻想的なデザインの象徴的意味についてゴシックとの関係として、それぞれを二項に分けて論じてゆく。これらの各章を通じてタウトによる「ガラス建築」の考え方について考察する。具体的に建築物の例としては1914年の「グラスハウス」を、そして「ガラス建築」のもっとも理論的な作品として1919年の「アルプス建築」を参照する。

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ミースは1910年頃、ベルラーへを大いに賞賛したが、ベルラーへの主張する「造形原理としての幾何学」については一切言及せず、専らそれは正直な構造表現への賛辞であった。しかしながら筆者の研究において1924年の革新的な煉瓦造田園住宅案の平面図にみられる黄金比や黄金矩形から最晩年のベルリン新国立ギャラリーのファサードにみられるルート矩形まで、ミースの作品には特別な幾何学的関係が見出され、設計手法としての使用の可能性が導出されている。さて近年、ミースが1924年の煉瓦造田園住宅案までに設計した伝統的スタイルの住宅の歴史的経緯や敷地などが詳細に研究されたが、彼の設計手法にかかわる形態的問題の解明はいまだなされていない。そこで本研究では彼の初期住宅平面を幾何学的観点より分析し問題の解明を試みた。ミース第一作、リール邸(1906-7年,Fig.1)の中心的空間であるリビング平面(Fig.1:2)の縦横比は1.5:1であるが(以下図面の上下左右で示す)、その上辺から下方に正方形(Fig.2:ABCD)を描くと、それはちょうど平面中央に位置することになる(Fig.2)。この正方形の右辺から左に√2矩形(Fig.3:ABEF)を描くと、その左辺は左外壁の内面に一致する。同様に正方形の左辺より√2矩形(DCH6)を描くと、その右辺は右外壁の内面に一致、また√3矩形(DCJI)を描くと、その右辺は突出した階段室の外壁の外面にほぼ一致する。中段のずれて重なり合った二つの√2矩形からなる矩形(GHEF)の上下辺より√3矩形(GFKL,EHMN)を描くとそれぞれ上下の外壁内面に一致する。つまり平面全体の輪郭及び主要な壁の位置のほとんどが、平面中心に位置する正方形を取り巻く一連のルート矩形に一致している(Fig.4)。これは偶然の一致か。第二作ペールス邸(1911-12年,Fig.5)では中央のリビングに階段室を加えたエリア(abed)はほぼ正方形をなし、ロッジアを挟んで庭園の正方形の区画と対応している(Fig.6)。そこでリビング等からなるこのエリアを正方形(Fig.7:ABCD)とし、その上下辺から正方形を含んで上下に黄金矩形(CBEF,DAGH)を描くと、それらの端は平面の上下壁の内面にそれぞれ一致する。またこの黄金矩形から正方形を除いた矩形の右辺から√5矩形(FAIJ,BGKL)を描くと、左辺は左壁の内面に一致する。つまり平面は中央のリビングを含む正方形エリアを囲む黄金矩形と√5矩形に一致している(Fig.8)。矩形のプロポーションは異なるものの前例と同種の幾何学的関係がみられる。ヴェルナー邸(1912-13年,Fig.9)では建物本体とパーゴラが正方形の庭園をL字型に囲んでいる。この正方形(Fig.10: ABCD)の右辺から左に√2矩形(ABEF)を描くと、その左辺はパーゴラの左端内面に一致する。また正方形上辺から下方に√3矩形(DAGH)を描くと、その下辺は建物下端に一致する。ここでも庭園を含んだ住宅全体は、中央の正方形の庭園を取り巻く一連のルート矩形に一致している(Fig.11)。レッシング邸(1923年,Fig.12)の、正方形のテラスを建物がL字型に囲む平面は先のヴェルナー邸(Fig.9)に似ている。そこで正方形テラス(Fig.13:ABCD)の左辺より√2矩形(CDEF)を描くと、右辺はテラス右側のウイング外壁の内面に一致。また正方形上辺から下方に√3矩形(DAGH)を描くと、その下辺はテラス下の建物下端の外壁内面に一致する。さらに他の部分も√4矩形、つまりダブルスクエア(GHIJ)や√5矩形(HMKL)に一致しており、建物全体が、平面中央の正方形テラスを囲む一連のルート矩形に一致していることが分かる(Fig.14)。一部に偶然の一致や近似があるとしても、全てが偶然であるとはほとんど考え難い。一つの正方形を囲む黄金矩形やルート矩形は設計段階で意識され、使用されたと考えられる。そこでこの図式を踏まえて、煉瓦造田園住宅案平面(Fig.15)を見直してみる。長く延びる三つの壁と室内で最長の壁の作る黄金矩形(Fig.16:EFCD)の左辺から右に正方形(Fig.17:CDAB)を描くと、それはリビングゾーンを囲む矩形(efgh)のほぼ中央に位置する。この正方形右辺及び上下辺から各々黄金矩形を描くと、黄金矩形の各端辺は主要な要素の位置に一致(Fig.17)。さらに最初の黄金矩形の右辺から右に同じ黄金矩形(Fig.18:FETU)を描くと、サービスウイングの暖炉の位置に、さらにその半分を描くと右端はウイングの壁に一致する。この平面においても主要な要素のほとんどが中央の正方形を取り巻く一連の黄金矩形に一致していることが判明した。結論として、ミースは最初期住宅においても黄金矩形やルート矩形といった幾何学的関係を意識し使用していた、つまり生涯特別な幾何学的関係を使用していたと考えられる。伝統的スタイルの初期住宅と革新的煉瓦造田園住宅案の平面は全く異なるが、背後には同種の幾何学的関係が存在した。スタイルが変化してもミースは一つの正方形を取り巻く黄金矩形やルート矩形という幾何学的関係を使い続けたと言えよう。当時のミースのベルラーへへの賛辞は実は「形態原理としての幾何学」への賛意でもあったのかもしれない。

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Through a study on the architectural design of "Le Palais des Metiers", the followings were made clear: the plan of "Le Palais des Metiers" was composed with the "L'Ambassade de France" and "La Cour des Metiers" symmetrically and geometrically, considering the conditions of the site and site plannings, and respecting "Le Dome des Invalides" especially. "La Cour des Metiers" was decorated with 9 pictures which were symbolized "La Classification" of the Exposition and, 14 sculptures which were expressed the artisan's crafts of decorative arts, because the aim of "La Cour des Metiers" was an education and an enlightenment of decorative arts to visitors.

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The two terms, 'Mu-Kyo-Si: 無居肆' and 'Kyo:虚' shown in "Koryodogyong(高麗図経)", are understood as 'the market did not exist' and 'commercial product market were open in the air' in Kaegyong, the capital of Koryo Dynasty. These historical records have been large obstacles to research on the positioning and characteristics of the urban history of Kaegyong, but at the same time, the records have been important clues on them. This study attempts a basic analysis of the architectural form of the commercial facilities of Kaegyong, focusing on analysis of 'Kyo-Si' and 'Kyo'. I show that 'Koy-Si' refers to a multi-functional building comprising both a dwelling and a market, and 'Kyo' is the market where the simple building was laid. However, the market of Kaegyong was a specific commercial facility that did not contain dwellings, and exhibited and sold goods on the ground. The form of building was long and thin like a passage way or corridor. This research can became one basis for understanding the positioning and characteristics of urban history of Kaegyong through the change of market.

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This paper examines the treatment of Genbaku-Dome and its site (Saiku-cho and Sarugaku-cho) in the Hiroshima Urban Reconstruction Plan and the Hiroshima Peace City Plan. The site of the Genbaku-Dome, initially included in Chuo Park (Motomachi), became a part of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park with Nakajima Park (Nakajima-honcho) at the time of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and Peace Memorial Hall Competition. This paper also examines competition guidelines and competition plans, and evaluates Kenzo Tange and his colleague's plan and others' plan.

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There is recognition that the recognition of the scale feeling is important respectively in the sense with many sides. The problem is comparatively done to the scale feeling promotion as effective at early time. The teacher is recognizing that it thinks about the solid, and the composed work, the measurement, and the experienced work are important in the sense of scale promotion.

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