Focusing on Munshiganj Zila and Paysa Gram in Bangladesh where has been sending out many migrant workers to Japan by chain migration, this study clarified that the international manpower movement from Bangladesh to Japan has influenced on the hometown's living condition and housing style of migrant worker's families and return migrants, through the relationship of Munshiganj Zila and Japan. The international manpower movement to Japan has affected the hometown's living condition and housing style of the migrant worker families and return migrants. There are big influences on living condition and housing style from Japan to their hometown, which show their experience, proud and identity as migrant workers to Japan. This influences are the peculiar phenomena in Munshiganj Zila and Paysa Gram.

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This study aims to clarify the availability and usefulness of rebuilding multi-family houses in Daegu City, Korea through analysis of the elderly dweller's moving process and consciousness. As a result, 1)guaranty of the living space and facility for the elderly dweller's daily life, 2) satisfactory of the community space for elderly dweller's activities in daily life, 3)potential for a rental housing to live apart from their child in aged society, were deduced.

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Many kinds of components, materials and building systems are changing according to the alteration of building systems due to several reasons. However, the changes of ordinary components are rarely recorded in detail. In this study, we grasped the outline of development of sound proofing, especially corresponding with reflection of sound transmitting in the air. In Japan, it is in the 1920s that sound absorbing materials began to be used. At first, there was much what was made for organic fiber. However, they are easy to burn and deficient for absorbing sound, inorganic fiber material came to be used.

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Corporate Architectural Design (CorpAD) has been playing a significant role in shaping the faces of Indonesian cities. This paper aims to identify the features of twelve Indonesian CorpAD standards and their potential influences on local character of place. This research applies content analysis and spatial configuration analysis to twelve Indonesian companies' CorpAD standards manuals. Four considerations, twelve elements of CorpAD and spatial arrangements characters were identified. The CorpAD standards potentially influence on local characters of place in terms of visual quality of the surroundings, social interactions and street life.

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Through the past researches, authors defined “polysemy” as the character of a word which creates many different meanings among other words in a sentence. Following this, the behaviors of words used in the text description by architects have been investigated by focusing on the relationship between each word. This research aimes to obtain a new potential perspective to reevaluate the word "Ma", and to observe the conceptual structure in a part. Therefore, the objective of this research is to reveal the polysemy of "Ma" in text description of buildings by architects. As a result, at least 19 types of polysemy of “Ma” and their relationships in the text description by architects were revealed.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of establishing places of refuge in commercial facilities in addition to public facilities. To this end, the differences in accessibility to the places of refuge were analyzed in whole Kii Peninsula and Matsuzaka City among various cases with facilities providing food. The analysis in Kii Peninsula shows that supermarkets would be most useful. The analysis in Matsuzaka City shows that the facilities providing food would be useful in increasing robustness as well as decreasing the refuge distance, but less effective than refuge buildings in the coast in case of tsunami.

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Japanese cities that had been severely damaged in WW2 were systematically re-planned, following to street network systems and parks and green network systems directed by the war reconstruction plan. Especially, some local cities that had prospered as military towns often converted military lands into urban parks. This research aims to substantiate the process how parks and green network systems were located, planned and realized in the period from war reconstruction era to the high growth epoch, in the local cities out of the air-defensive green plan and the green regional policy, which are considered to be the first generator of parks and green network system. The methods are the classification of several policies about parks and green lands, the criticism of historical documents, and the reference of the oral records of the engineers who directly participated in the project. And this research also reveals how urban parks were created and developed in the central district by analyzing the development process of parks and green network systems in the aspect of the policy and the special character.

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The president of the French Republic declared in 2007 to put its capital region planning in his control with a name of <Grand Paris>. Thus the construction of a railway loop line with some particular clusters (CDT) was legislated in 2010. For the governance of this large area, an opinion exchange platform (Paris Metropole) was created in 2009 by the initiative of the Mayor of Paris in place of a merger. The project initially including a research cluster on the plateau de Saclay is today extended to Le Havre to connect the capital with its main port (Seine Gateway).

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This paper aims to facilitate residents' autonomous refuge life in high-rise condominiums after earthquakes, which will occur more frequently in Tokyo in the near future. To understand attitudes about self-help and evacuation after earthquakes, this paper describes residents' attitudes obtained from a questionnaire that points out the inadequacy of each family's current water and food stockpile during emergencies, the limits of residents' edification, and the importance of focusing on backward incidence. The stockpile is influenced by individuals' projection of the lifeline shut-down period. This paper considers ways to reduce the evacuation ratio in shelters, and to prompt cooperation in condominiums.

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This study aims to construct a visualization method for understanding the effects of a helicopter emergency medical service. The effects will be calculated for the time that elapses before medical action is initiated. To calculate the elapsed time, the distance between each points will be measured using a geographic information system while considering geographical factors. The effects will also be investigated from visual and quantitative perspectives while considering the population of the study area. The proposed method will be examined from the viewpoints of the rendezvous point and emergency hospital acting as helicopter bases.

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This study is aimed at developing methods to optimize the material yield of drywall panels. In this paper, the authors describe the drywall panel layout optimization method which consists of the following two steps: first, to generate possible alternative patterns of drywall panel layout in a wall; second, for each alternative pattern, to find out the best combination of panel parts to be cut from a panel of standard size.
The authors applied this method to minimize the cost of drywall using plaster board (1820×910mm, 1820×606mm, 2000×1000mm, 2420×910mm).

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In fan raftering, rafters are usually arranged in a radial fashion from the Kaname (center point).
However, there is a fan raftering technique that does not use Kaname.
This technique is described in a wood-block printing book titled Nokimawari Taruki Hinagata, as follows:
1. The space between each rafter is determined according to the drawing, using Matsuba-gane
2. Radial arrangement of rafters is determined by dividing the length difference between the hip rafter and the eave in the central part of the roof in proportion to the number of rafters.

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During Edo-Era there were over 20 Ocha-yas in Kumamoto-Han. Ocha-ya was a lodging used by feudal lord for stay and rest.
Through the examination of historical materials such as plans on 13 Ocha-yas at stage, following results were ascertained;
1)Plan of Ocha-ya was similar to each other among 11 Ocha-yas.
2)4 Ocha-yas were faced main road and separate from governmental or military facilities.
3)6 Ocha-yas were detached from main road and combined with governmental or military facilities.

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On 5 historic reconstructions designed by Minoru Ooka, especially external appearance, such as delicate curved roof shape, was faithfully recreated based on academic investigation. The structure was basically reinforced concrete, but he attempted to keep the original proportion of wooden structural members by means of, for instance, manipulation of sectional modification of posts and beams. Among his works, Yakushiji Golden Hall (1976) is one of the most characteristic specimen that reveals his idea toward historic reconstructions. He tried to revive original architect's design concept as representation of the aesthetics of the same period, which was shown in the number of columns (6×3) on the upper floor, the gradually raised ceiling heights toward the inner sanctum, and the roof shape; high pitched gable and low pitched hip roof(shikoro-buki) that has, he thought, aesthetical importance on the ancient architecture.

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This study aims at the standards of storehouse and the roof structure in ancient Japan. The research method used in this article is detailed study on the research in the field and the reading of repair work reports.
Previous studies thought there is no difference in the architectural technology between storehouse and palace buildings. But storehouse remains show many particular technologies and standards. Ergo, it is important to entertain the architectural structure and technology of storehouse through the research of historical architecture.
Mainly, this research has three conclusions. 1. There are no standards in column spacing with respect to each. On the other hands, the standards exist in column spacing in sum total. 2. The roof structure of storehouse has ridge direction beam. 3. The technology of “Furesumi” is determinative, and it is related to bracket complexes.

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This study aims to show the diversity of transformation of Buddhism facilities by the anti- Buddhist movement in the Meiji era.
The 88-places of pilgrimage in Kochi clan had been influenced by the Policy of Separation of Buddhism and Shintoism.
Facilities of temples were transformed as follows;
1. Some were demolished and the site of them had been used as agricultural land and shrine.
2. Some of facilities were remained and converted to various use, for example, elementary school, housing, without adaptation.

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This paper examines the writings of Riemon UNO and his association, Kogyokyoikukai, focusing on company housing. They believed that company housing contribute to the fixing the workers. From the viewpoint of healthy development of Japanese industries, they recommended the adoption of company housing system and aimed the increasing of “commuters” in a global point. They considered the problem concerning company housing for workers as a problem not only of facility but also of the living of the workers. They had studied the whole system of materializing an ideal company housing.

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In this paper Karl Friedrich Schinkel's three scene paintings for the opera “Magic Flute” were reconstructed into the three dimensional spatial composition and represented into three dimensional computer graphics. Through this analysis process, Schinkel's architectural design methods were made clear in detail, which were summarized into four characteristic features, namely, the geometrical tendency, the free invention referring to historical motifs, the axis composition integrating various components and the dramatic effects depending on the perspective method.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the change process of the architectural concept on “roof garden” by Le Corbusier (1887-1965). According to his definition on “acquired land” as roof garden, we can classify several types of Le Corbusier's garden; “front garden”, “courtyard”, “pilotis”, “terrace”, “hanging garden”, “loggia” and “roof garden”. As a result of our analysis, we show that Le Corbusier's “roof garden” is closely related with other types of garden. Le Corbusier's architectural concept on garden preserves the natural wildness and the artificial.

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Tohgo Murano is one of the most important architects in modernization of Japan. Shoju-so is his masterpiece by the expression with a variegated detail and various space. In the elevation of Shoju-so, it is the feature to have integrated different volume and a style in that design. By analysis of his architectural drawings of Shoju-so's elevation, this research examines his design process along a progress chart, and clarifies that actual situation. It is a part of research which clarifies his design intension by verifying design process of Murano.

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In the 6th International Congress of Architects (1904, Madrid) was adopted a six-point recommendation concerning preservation of architectural monuments, which was made from two proposals written by architects, Louis Cloquet and Luis Maria Cabello. 'Preservation of monuments' was one of the most important themes that had been discussed since the 4th International Congress of Architects, so these discussions would have also some influences in forming the conservation theory in the recommendation. In fact, Cloquet's proposal reflects different opinions stated at preceding Congress, in particular, that of Petrus Josephus Hubertus Cuypers.

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