This research is aimed at gaining some basic knowledge which helps planning a sustainable development of suburban new towns by analyzing residential consciousness of two typical suburban new towns by means of a questionnaire survey. To put it concretely, for example, we make clear the facts that 1. in general they have comparatively weak intentions for permanent settlement 2. younger and older generations have weaker intentions for permanent settlement with those in their forties at the top 3. no correlation between the length of residence and the intention for permanent settlement is observed and we summarize some of our suggestions on each article.

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This research aims at evaluating location environment and conditions of the rental apartment housing complexes constructed by OSAKA Prefectural Housing Corporation, for the purpose of improving residential level and quality of the residential stocks. The apartment housing complexes are divided into groups with location conditions, vacancy rate and application rate. The results show that high popularity of housing complexes depends on their low vacancy rate, high application rate and well location conditions. Theory of quantification 1 is also used for analyzing the relationship between the vacancy rate of apartment housing complexes and their location conditions. Based on the research, it is submitted that some factors are available to evaluate rental apartment housing complexes such as house rent, time to the nearest station, location area, and living environment.

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This study considers suburban housing projects developed by private companies in Japan in the early 1970s. There are two purposes of this research. One is to reveal the reason of the shortness of Japanese houses' life-span. The other is to know the changing process of ready built houses which are now very popular in Japan. The paper considers : 1) changes affecting home and the family in each particular development : 2) the influence of the "life-cycle" on patterns of home improvements : 3) the state of the housing unit and reconstruction by later owners and occupants ; and 4) the actual state and the prediction of home improvements and changes with time.

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The purpose of this thesis is to verify the efficiency and proposition of the scientific method applied to identify the patterns of living, then present the patterns of family living extracted by this method. During this study, to find out the family living room usage, we invented a completely new study method using the Environmental Gauges. Based on the occupancy of the room, it was possible to observe the change of the family communication style by daily, weekly or annually, which lead us to find out the new family living patterns.

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"Regeneration project" means regenerating a living environment, which is focused on both community side arid physical environment side with respects for residents' situation and sense of living value. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the requirements of basic concepts for the regeneration project in housing estate with many condominiums and to theorize about the process of making basic concepts by voluntary group consisted of homeowners, and so on. 1) The diversity of residents' life should have first priority over others when the basic concepts are made. And there are three important ways, a) Condominium buildings are reconstructed or renewed by each homeowners of the one. b) Doing community activities with reconstruction and renewal of the buildings, c) To understand the residents' wishes through dialogue. 2) It is important for voluntary group to have an action of "research", "process design" and "working" through the dialogue and collaboration with specialists.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the reason of diffusion of balconies in multiple-story housing after modernization in 20th. Following aspects are found through the analysis. 1. In advanced countries of modern housing like Netherland and Germany, balconies had changed its meaning between its period, or diffused before the improvement of reinforced concrete technology. 2. The reinforced concrete structure, especially the cantilever technology eased setting up balconies to buildings, and had important roles to diffusion. 3. The less advanced countries including Japan introduced balconies at the same time with introducing modern housing in 1930s.

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The stage in the existing theate is very neutral space, and the public performance activities of it by the temporary theater are also attained. This research considered the important matter of the temporary theater manufacture on the existing stage. Waterproofing and load-proof serve as an important subject as protection of the existing stage mechanism there. Moreover, standing disaster prevention equipment can be used in making a plan being conscious of the division on disaster prevention, and it is advantageous also in a refuge plan. Large shortening of a work period is attained according to the work process of the carrying-in work done in two or more steps, or a setting-up formula.

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This study aims to clarify the present condition of rehabilitation ward for convalescent stage and point out the subject to preserve the quality of the ward. For these objectives, a questionnaire was sent out for 108 rehabilitation wards for convalescent stage. The results of the analysis are follows. 1) Functional importance of the rehabilitation wards for the convalescent stage was significantly confirmed: Barthel Index increased in 80% of the patients, and 65% of them were discharged from the ward to their home. 2) Depending on the underlying etiological disease, the average of age, the place before hospitalizaiton and after discharge, the rength of days in hospitalization, Barthel Index and the lesion of disorders were different. 3) Architectural environment of this ward,such as the number of single-bed room, the plan of four-beds room, dining room and day room have not yet completely provided from the view point of rehabilitation in ward.

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The aim of this paper is to invent a new visual tool to rethink the function of architecture. The research was conducted in Sendai mediatheque to grasp the dynamism of the interrelated activities. The notion of "the activity vector field" enabled us to visualize the relationship between the dynamic aggregation of activities and the space. The findings are as follows. The partial event can affect the overall activities on the floor. Attractors in "the activity vector field" are not connected to the specific activities, but takes different character according to their relative position in the space.

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The interactions of the aged were considered to be essential for aging in place. This research was based on surveys of the aged living in a depopulated region where the changes were more drastic. 1. Families, relatives, friends and neighbors had different functions to support the aged. Welfare services not only supported their living but also lessened their loneliness. 2. In winter, interactions tended to decrease because of heavy snowfall, but in some cases they increased because the aged had more free time, or their families visited more frequently to support them for shopping, snow shoveling and so on. 3. According to aging, interactions tended to decrease.

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This study aims to clarify the changes on labor expenditure of thatching in Oginosima-area and Tamugi-area,which has thacthed roof houses, and to find assignments and effective measures in order to last thatching in both areas. We made clear that residents living in the areas paid higher economical expenditure for thatching in 1990's than in 1960's, because the labor cost for skilled thatchers in 1990's became higher than in 1960's. As an effective measure for sustainable thatching it is significant: that the income profit of tourism run by the community supplements lack of time expenditure by family and the community for thatching in Oginoshima-area; and that cogon fields managed by the community reduce the material cost for thatching in Tamugi-area. We proposed the model of thatching in both included effective measures which are clarify by this study.

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Planning scholars and practitioners who are making a master plan, are much interested in how to harmonize the relationship between municipal-wide general public interests and individual citizen's requests. We believe it is important to secure a bottom-up system that would allow to incorporate citizen proposals into the master plan. Based upon a logical structure model for the master plan, we analyzed the plan-making stage of the Komae City's Master Plan. We found the citizen proposals were incorporated into the master plan by changing some elements of its logical structure. Leading factors for accelerating the incorporation were (l)clear plan structure, (2)proper abstraction of elements, and (3)how to deal with a chain reaction caused by changing an element. This finding would provide a useful viewpoint for a logical analysis of the relationship between the master plan and citizen proposals.

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ブラジルでは、低所得者住宅の住環境問題がまだ十分に解決されておらず、その改善を図る方法の開発が重要課題となっている。そこで本論文では、住環境改善の一例として、最近ブラジルにおいて試みられているPOE<事例(1)>に着目し、それが集合住宅におけるオープンスペースの質的改善に果たす役割を考察する。また、POEの成果を既存集合住宅の環境改善に活かす可能性を検討するために、日本の集合住宅における居住者参加<事例(2)>との比較考察を行う。事例(1) ジャルディン・サン・ルイス団地のPOE この事例は、ブラジルのPOEで最初に外部空間の評価を本格的に行った例である。そこでは、居住者アンケートに基づきオープンスペースの問題点と改善策が示されたが、その成果は居住者に還元されずに終わっている。しかし一方、居住者の間では、アンケート調査を契機にオープンスペースの自主的改善の動きが生じている。本論文では、こうした現状を踏まえ4専門家が住民参加による住環境改善を支援する必要性を提起している。事例(2) アクアフオレスタ・ルネ稲毛:庭づくりワークショップ この事例は、入居予定者の主体的参加による「庭づくりワークショップ」の試みである。ここでは、入居1年前から入居2か月後までの14か月にわたり、専門家の支援を得ながら、入居者が自らの手でオープンスペースのデザインを行った。その結果、この集合住宅では、庭づくりに止まらず各種のクラブ組織が生まれ、活発に活動を展開している。以上の比較考察から、ブラジルにおいては、外部空間の評価を含むPOEの成果を居住者に還元し、専門家の支援のもとに住民参加による住環境改善の計画・実践を進めることが、当面の有効な方策であると考えられる。こうした取り組みの中から、コミュニティ意識と住民イニシアティブが成長していくに違いない。

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Parts 1 and 2 of the report "Survey and study of labor productivity of the reinforced precast concrete frame method" documented the survey and analysis of labor productivity in on-site work and the manufacturing process involving the reinforced precast concrete frame method (RFC Method). This report is a continuation of the survey and analysis of management productivity involved with this method. It has clarified the following : (1) Management productivity levels on sites using the RFC method. (2) Management productivity levels at member manufacturing plants. (3) Overall productivity levels of management scale, including both on-site and factory management scale.

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The social requirements to building construction projects are to discharge the accountability that should disclose building construction process and discharge participating professionals' responsibilities. In order to satisfy them, this paper tries to propose the designing method of organizational structures for the building construction projects. The following procedure is employed in this study. First, the components of an organizational structure are identified as subsystems that perform allocated functions. Second, the indicators represented relationships among the components are analyzed from the view points of discharging the accountability. Third, the organizational structure is designed by organizing the components under applying the indicators.

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This paper focuses on the reconstruction process of the residence of the Aoyama Family who managed a herring fishery. The earlier fishing house burnt down in 1919, while the second residence was under construction. The fishing house was reconstructed adopting a similar floor plan to the previous structure but limited for business use, as the second residence was being erected for residential purposes. Carpenters were brought from the family's hometown to recreate a characteristic guestroom of the Shounai region. It was built by Masakichi Aoyama who remained at the Hokkaido fishery through his life.

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ユジノ-サハリンスク市は、1905年から1945年までは豊原と呼ばれ、日木統治下の南サハリンにおける中心都市であった。そのため、市内には当時の建造物が数多く残されている。その現存状況については1996年から予備的調査を実施し、72件の建造物(群)については日本建築学会技術報告集第5号にも報告したが、短期間での調査のために未調査地域や誤謬も多かった。そのような事情を踏まえて、第1回小渕フェローシップにおける派遣研究活動および文部科学省科学研究費基盤研究(B)(2)「南サハリンにおける日本統治期(1905-1947)の建造物に関する広域実態調査」の一環として、ユジノ-サハリンスク全市域を対象とした建造物状況の再調査を2001年度に実施し、43の建築物群、総数93件の日本期建造物についてその状況を把握した。本稿はその概要を報告するものである。サハリンでの建造物調査においては日本の建造物を判別する方法が難しく、前回の調査ではこれを確立できなかったが、ここでは以下に挙げる3つのうち、いずれかを満たすものを日本期建造物と判断した。1)当時の地図・図版や写真から日本期建造物と判断されるもの、2)日本期建造物を特徴付けるような、ロシア建築には見られない部材や構造的特徴をもつもの、3)旧豊原市の居住者やユジノ-サハリンスク居住歴の長いロシア人の知識人など、日本期建造物に関して知識を有している人物から複数の証言が得られたもの。判明した43の日本期建造物(群)は、便宜上旧建築用途によって官庁建築・産業施設・商業建築・宗教建築・上木建造物と記念碑の5つに分類して概説した。日本期の官庁建築には日ソ交替期にソ連軍に接収され、現在あるいは近年まで軍事施設として利用されているものが多く、管理や修繕が比較的行き届いたものが多い。とりわけ樺太庁技師貝塚良雄の設計による旧樺太庁中央試験所本館(P-5, 1933年)・同温室(P-6,1934年)・旧樺太庁会議室(P-8, 1935年)・旧樺太庁博物館(P-9, 1937年)などは、全体的なプロポーション細部意匠の巧みさや施工精度の高さで注目すべき存在である。産業施設群にはサハリンにおける近代工場の嚆矢である旧樺太庁豊原乾溜工場(I-1, 1911年)のほか、旧王子製紙豊原工場(I-3, 1917年)、旧樺太製糖豊原工場(I-4, 1931年)などサハリンの近代化を語る上で無視できないものが多い。ただいずれの工場も軍事施設、機械修理工場、製菓工場に転用されており、日本期の状態を回復することは難しい。商業建築の中では旧北海道拓殖銀行豊原支店(C-1, 1931年)が白眉であり、現在はユジノ-サハリンスク美術館に転用されているが、この他にもあわせて3件の店舗・店蔵の現存が確認された。サハリン全域でも商業建築の現存例はほとんどないため貴重である。ユジノ-サハリンスクの日本期住宅は製紙工場・製糖工場の社宅群や樺太庁官舎群など数の上では多くの建造物が現存するが、いくつかの例外を除けば良好な状態とはいえない。また、外壁・開口部・屋根部材のいずれもがロシア風の部材に改変されているため、古い木造住宅はソ連時代のものとの識別が大変に難しい。しかしながら、サハリン各地にある全半壊した日本期住宅群を調査する限り、主要な柱や基礎部分にはほとんど改変が見られないため、同様の手法で改変されたと見られる木造住宅群をここではロシア化された日本期建築(Russianized Japanese Buildings)として調査対象に加えた。住宅建築の中では旧樺太庁部長官舎(H-3)や旧樺太庁拓殖学校校長官舎(H-10)の現存状態が良好であることが注目される。宗教建築についてはSamarin, I. A.の研究があり、校倉造に似せたコンクリート造の旧樺太神社宝物殿(R-5, 1940年?)と権現造の旧招魂社本殿基礎(R-4)が歴史的建造物として知られている。また、サハリン各地に現存している奉安殿がユジノ-サハリンスク市内には1件も存在しないことも特徴的である。土木建造物としては、コンクリート造の橋が2件現存している(M-1, M-2)。また、旧師範学校寄宿舎(S3)、旧樺太庁鉄道事務所職員官舎群(S-2)など日本期建造物群の可能眩か高い5件の建造物(群)については、確証を得られなかった建造物群(suspected Japanese buildings)として別記した。これらの確認は今後の課題としたい。ユジノ-サハリンスク市内にはあわせて90件以上の日本期建造物の現存が明らかになったが、この数字の評価は難しい。なぜなら、中国東北部や朝鮮半島、台湾といった他の旧海外植民地と比較するなら大きな数字ではないが、都市の起源・発展経緯・人口・規模において類似点の多い、稚内(2件)・北見(6件)・釧路(1件)・根室(6件)といった北海道北部あるいは東部の諸都市に比べて、むしろ恵まれた部類に属する。とりわけ、サハリンスカヤ通(旧真岡通)を中心とした旧市街地北部には、旧樺太守備隊の建築群や旧王子製紙工場施設群を中心として日本期建造物が集中しており、歴史的建築物群としての価値も十分に有している。しかしながら、現在のロシアではこうした建造物群に対する法的保護を図ることは難しい。ユジノ-サハリンスク市内で歴史的建造物として認知されているものは、旧樺太庁博物館や旧北海道拓殖銀行豊原支店などわずか6件のみである。しかしながら、ロシア側と日本側が協力体制を深めてこれら日本期建造物の保護に努めることは、両国の友好関係や相互理解の深化にとっても有効な方策であろう。

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This paper discusses the architectural style and work of Makoto Minami, one of Frank Lloyd Wright's apprentices, over the course of his three major periods'- Sendai/Tokyo, Hyogo/Osaka, and Manchuria. During the Sendai/Tokyo period, Minami had a partnership with Arata Endo. During the Hyogo/Osaka period, he established his own architectural firm. During the third period, he established an office with Endo in Manchuria. Of the 14 designs completed in his second period, 11 of them have much in common with design by Wright and Endo. Minami's style shifted after 1932, when he used 'trockenbau' dry construction on his own house.

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The term Wright-Shiki, or Wright Styte, first entered Japan's architectural lexicon in the Taisyo (1912-1926) and early Syowa (1926-1989) eras. This paper examines the evolution of the 32 similar terms that were used between 1919 and 1930. At first, Wright -Shiki referred only to Wright's designs, the style of the Imperial Hotel, and the works of Wright's apprentices in Japan. Gradually, however, it came to represent a studied imitation of Wright's architecture, or of the use-of materials he frequently used. Finally, by 1926, only two of the terms - Wright -shiki and Wright -fu, or Wrightian-had survived, suggesting that the characteristics of Wright's architecture had already become an accepted term.

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The intension of this paper is to make an analysis of Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural theory through his concepts of "the third dimension" and "depth" as quality of it. Through this analysis, it is made clear that the third dimension is the horizon where spiritual interpretation of a physical matter and physical interpretation of a spiritual matter are crossing. It is possible to say that through designing architecture in three dimensions he intended to open the new world in the third dimension.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial composition of Japanese contemporary houses in the way of making "depth" through the relationship between a principal room and a building lot. The principal room is characterized by several aspects, such as its position in a lot, the way to the principal room from the street and the view from its window. It turns out fourteen types of Japanese contemporary houses. According to these characteristics, the property of the 'depth' that have been given in Japanese traditional houses gets growing weaker, and its decline is found especially after the 1980s.

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From five points of view, this study accounts for a structural character of urban space on Ginza in the Latter Meiji Period. (1) Point 1 analyzes a change of patterns divided and unified in the Eary Edo Period based on town residences. (2) Point 2 clears up a special characteristic of a land scale by a comparison of the Early Meiji Period and the Latter Meui Period. (3) Point 3 characterizes a space construction made by alleys on Ginza in the Latter Metfi Period. (4) Point 4 typifies units of space composed by alleys and buildings on a land. (5) Point 5 draws the character of urban space all over Ginza from the result of Point 4.

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In Japanese early modern ages' cities, the utilization of estate depended on the people's rank system. So, after the Meiji Restoration, one of the most remarkable thing on Japanese modern cities is the conversion of logics which connect people with space. Especialy, this paper takes notice of the developments of the samurai residences, called shinkai-cho, which had been started building from 1868 and continued till the end of the Meiji Era in Tokyo. The first type of shinkai-cho was planned by the public works to remodel a city, but what motivated many such developments was basically the various desires of the common people who couldn't enter bukechi easily in the Edo period.

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The earthquake that occurred at about noon on September 1 in the twelfth year of the Taisho Period(1923) was a major earthquake. The aim of this study is to make a searche for successive and changeful space constitutes after the damage. First, it clears succession of space constitutes in the Eary Showa Period to compare with the Latter Mefo'i Period. Then it draws changes of space constitutes in the Eary Showa Period from the view point of construction of modern architectures after the Great Kanto Earthquake. As a result, we can characterize space constitutes on Ginza in the Eary Showa Period.

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In this paper, the process of recognition and appreciation of the 'ancientness' of historic buildings is analysed. In the United Kingdom, it could be said that the recognition of the 'ancientness' started in the latter half of the eighteenth century, and then there were many discussions throughout the nineteenth century. However, it seems that careful analysis is necessary, because there were some philosophies, such as 'picturesque' or 'Gothic revival', which had both positive and negative aspects concerning the protection of the 'ancientness' of the historic buildings.

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