Dairy cows which had been proved to be healthy in clinical examination were ovariectomized or injected experimentally with hormone so that they might produce substandard milk (literally, secondgrade milk). They were examined in connection with a relationship to corpus luteum hormone. The results obtained are as follows.
1. When injected with follicle hormone, ovariectomized cows showed an increase in their yields of milk. The produced milk revealed, however, lowered specific gravity, fat percentage, and acidity and was proved to be low-acidity substandard milk.
2. Corpus luteum hormone was effective to raise specific gravity, fat percentage, and acidity of milk. Low-acidity substandard milk was not produced by cows in which corpus luteum hormone was displaying its function.
3. In the case of production of substandard milk caused by follicle hormone, as mentioned in paragraph 1, the antagonistic action of corpus luteum hormone disappeared in a very short period of time.
4. Of the properties of milk which clearly underwent changes by the action of corpus luteum hormone, fat percentage was the most variable and specific gravity and acidity followed it in this order.
5. Injection of 100mg of corpus luteum hormone was enough to exhibit a very long-lasting effect.
6. The action of corpus luteum hormone to inhibit the secretion of substandard milk was fast to disappear. It seemed that a low dosage of the hormone was not so effective and that continual administration of a high dosage of the hormone might give favorable results. Even with such high dosage, however, it was hardly successful to inhibit completely the secretion of substandard milk. Further investigation may be required to bring about any effective cure.

View full abstract

A suspension of two different preparations of synthetic estrogen of the stilben group (containing 3mg of euvestin and 27mg of diethylstilboestrol per cc of suspension) was injected into bitches by the intramuscular route for the purpose of contraception and artificial abortion. As a result, almost 100 per cent success was obtained from 28 animals on test. The minimum dose required for success was not confirmed, but a total dosage of 1 to 3cc was enough to attain the purpose. Artificial abortion was also successful in two bitches which were 19 and 50 days after coition, respectively, although the number of test cases was very small. No disturbances were observed, except such side effects as hemorrhage and slight inappetence each of which was manifested by only one animal treated.
The advantageous points of the suspension used here include that a rapid and accurate effect can be expected from it as it is a suspension, that it is easy to administer with little side effect, and that it is inexpensive.

View full abstract

Values of alcohol test and dye reduction test were examined in determining the general quality of raw milk.
Dye reduction tests were carried out according to the present American standard procedures.
The results obtained from this examination indicate that milk samples from which the color disappeared after two hours' incubation in the methylene blue test and those the color of which changed to pink or white after one hour's incubation in the resazurin test were mostly milk of poor quality containing more than four million bacteria per ml.
It was believed that the dye reduction tests, both methylene blue and resazurin tests, were applicable to routine examination for the grading of the general quality of raw milk.

View full abstract

Distribution of Salmonella organisms has geographical characteristic.In order to study the etiological organism and the route of transmission with case when an outbreak or epidemic/epizootic of salmonellosis occurs in a certain area, surveys on Salmonella distribution have been conducted by many scholars overseas by using the KAUFFMANN WHITE classification table of Salmonella. Recently, in Japan, the Committee on Enteric Bacteria of Animals has disclosed the presence of more than 55 types of bacteria, including Salmonella enteritidis, as the result of its nation-wide survey. The committee has drawn conclusions from this survey that, as the state of Salmonella distribution in Japan is represented by that among stray dogs in large cities, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, a study on Salmonella organisms harbored by stray dogs in these cities will make it possible not only to presume the state. of Salmonella distribution all over the country but also to predict the type of Salmonella to be epidemic/enzootic in the future. The present detection survey was conducted to elucidate the state of Salmonella distribution among stray dogs in Tokyo Prefecture in 1957, based on the conclusions issued by the above-mentioned committee. The materials used were 200 dogs destroyed at the Central Dog Pound at Mikawashima, Tokyo. Mesenteric lymph nodes were collected aseptically from them. Bacterial detection was performed on these lymph nodes within 1 to 2 hours after they were harvested, both concentration and direct cultivation techniques being employed. The results obtained are as follows.
1. From mesenteric lymph nodes of 200 stray dogs, 29 strains (14.5 per cent) of Salmonella were detected.
2. These strains were Classified into 8 types; namely, 7 strains of S. enteritidis, 6 of S. stanley, 4 of S. typhimurium, 4 of S. narashino, 3 of S. tananarive, 3 of S. give, one of S. thompson, and one of S. bredeney.
3. Among the results of the present survey, the increasing rate of S. stanley and the appearance of S. tananarive attracted attention. Above all, it is for the first time in Japan that S. tananarive was detected.

View full abstract

The following conclusions were drawn from gastritis, diaphragmatitis, and pericarditis in cattle studies conducted by the authors on traumatic since 1955. 1. Diagnosis.
1) Clinical diagnosis. Investigation was performed on 34 spontaneous cases of traumatic gastritis and gastro-diaphragmatitis. They manifested depression, inappetence, reduced rumination and movement of the rumen, groaning, pressure pain of the region around the reticulum, and edema as important symptoms. In 21 cases of pericarditis, principal symptoms consisted of depression, mappetence, reduced or suspended rumination and movement of the rumen, groaning, edema, swelling of the jugular vein, rise in temperature, increase in pulse rate, enlarged area of dulness of the heart; and changes in cardiac sound.
2) Hematological diagnosis. Most remarkable changes were observed in leukocyte counts, neutrophils, staff cells, albumin, and blood sugar in 15 cases of gastritis and 8 cases of gastro-diaphragmatitis, and in leukocyte counts, neutrophils, staff cells, albumin, and blood calcium in 14 cases of pericarditis.
3) Diagnosis with metal detecter. Positive diagnosis was made on 888 (41.6 per cent) of 2, 133 dairy cows, or on 66.7 per cent of 6-year-old and 58.0 per cent of 7-year-old cows.
4) Diagnosis by roentgenography and electrocardiography. Either method was of great diagnostic value.
2. Treatment.
1) Rumenotomy. Generally, favorable results were obtained as compared with studies carried out so far. The rate of recovery was 92.0 per cent.
2) Thoracotomy: Thanks to the invention and application of the artificial respiratory apparatus of closed circulation type for largeanimal use, it was made possible to perform thoracotomy with more ease than before. With this apparatus, surgical operation could be carried out for at least 2 hours.

View full abstract